Emergency Medicine in Sports

1. Emergency Sports Medicine and
Presenter : Shubhankar Whaval PT
RA 2022207010008
MPT Sports 4th Sem
Moderator : Mr. Manova Prasanna D.
SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRMIST
Slides 01
Safety

2. Slides 02
• Preparations
• Special Cases
• Decision Making
• General Cases
• Case Scenario
Table of
Content
• Summary

3. Slides 03
• Olympics
• CMO and Medical Services Manager
• Historical Data
• Medical Advisory Group
• MoU with Surrounding Hospitals
• Venue Specific Managers
• Event Doctors
• Population : Players, Staff, Audience,
Supporting Staff
Preparation

4. Slides 04
Decision Making
Ten Keys When Dealing with an Injured Player On and Off The
Field
Recognize that an injury
or illness exists
Don’t Panic
Mentally prepare yourself
Survey the scene
When you reach the
athlete on the field: BLS
Determine if the athlete should be
moved
Monitor the player OFF the field
Return to play
Parental or guardian
permission and notification
Follow-up treatment and
return to play
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

5. Slides 05
Decision Making

6. Slides 07
• If available, always wear protective gloves when dealing with bodily fluids (i.e.
blood, urine, saliva, etc.)
• Apply a sterile gauze pad to the wound (if not available use a clean towel), elevate
the wound and apply direct pressure for until bleeding stops. If the bleeding
continues past 5-10 minutes seek medical attention.
• If the wound is soiled, irrigate with a disinfectant, or if nothing else is available,
clean water.
• Cover the wound with a clean or sterile dressing to prevent infection.
• Clean blood spills (or blood on uniforms or clothes) with a diluted water/bleach
solution (10 parts H2O and 1 part bleach).
Wound
Care

7. Slides 07
• Always wear protective gloves
• Never pick up the tooth by the roots. Grasp the tooth by the crown.
• If the tooth is dirty rinse the tooth off in water. Do Not scrub the tooth or dry it.
• If possible reposition the tooth in its socket immediately. Hold the tooth in place by gently biting down on it or have
the athlete gently hold it in place with his or her fingers. A tooth has the best chance of survival if placed back in its
socket within the first 30 minutes.
• If you are not able to place the tooth back into its socket the following are recommended methods of transport (in
order of preference):
• Emergency tooth preservation kit (available at your local pharmacy)
• Cold whole milk
• Saline solution
• Saliva – Have the athlete hold the tooth between their cheek and gum
• If not of the above is available use clean water
• Remember to keep the tooth moist at all times
Tooth Injury

8. Slides 08
• Early treatment of a nose injury consists of
applying a cold compress and keeping the head
higher than the rest of the body.
• You should seek medical attention in case of
• Breathing difficulties
• Deformity of the nose
• Persistent bleeding
• Deep cut
• Known fracture
Nasal
Injuries
• If available always wear protective gloves
• Nosebleeds are common and usually short
lived
• Control the bleeding by squeezing the nose
with constant pressure for 5-10
• minutes. Ice may be applied to both sides of the
nose to help speed coagulation
• and stop bleeding.
• Do not tilt the head back
• Do not let the athlete blow his or her nose
• If bleeding persists, seek medical attention
Bloody
Nose

9. Slides 09
Eye Contusion
• If available always wear protective gloves
• Be cautious of a fracture of the orbit (eye socket).
Things to look for:
• Blurred vision
• Swelling
• Discoloration of the area surrounding the eye
• Broken blood vessels in the eye
• Injured eye appears lower than un-injured
eye
• Gentle application of cold compress
• Seek medical attention
Eye Contusion/ Object In The Eye
Object in Eye
• If available always wear protective gloves
• If an object such as dirt, eyelash or chemical substance is in
the eye:
• Gently flush the eye with clean water or saline
• Continue to flush until the object is removed
• If you are unable to flush the eye successfully cover both
eyes and transport the athlete to medical attention.
Covering both eyes will minimize movement of the eye
with the foreign substance in it.
• If the eye is penetrated with a sharp object or if the eye is
bleeding cover both eyes with a light dressing and seek
immediate medical attention. Do not attempt to remove
the object.

10. Slides 10
Dehydration of greater than 3% of you r body weight increases the athlete’s risk of heat illness (heat
cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke)
Dehydration
Fluid Replacement
Fluid Guidelines
• 2 to 3 hours before exercise drink 17-20 ounces of water or a sports drink
• 10-20 minutes before exercise drink 7-10 ounces of water or a sports drink
• During exercise – drink early, even minimal dehydration effects performance
• Every 10-20 minutes drink at least 7-10 ounces of water or a sports drink
• To maintain hydration, drink beyond your thirst
• After exercise – within 2 hours, drink enough to replace any weight loss from exercise. Drink
20-24 ounces of sprots drink per pound of weight loss
• Avoid caffeine and alcohol

11. Slides 11
• Application of ice, remove
restricting clothing, remove the
athlete from the sun
• Encourage stretching of the
muscle that is cramping and
stopping activity that is causing
the athlete to use that muscle
• Encourage fluids
Heat Related Illness
Muscle Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke
• Move athlete to a cooler area
• Elevate legs and encourage
fluids
• Monitor vital signs (i.e.
respiration, pulse and level of
consciousness)
• Move athlete to a cooler area
• Reduce body temperature by
applying cold wet towels to the
head and body
• Monitor vital signs (i.e.
respiration, pulse and level of
consciousness)
• Activate the Emergency Medical
System – Call for immediate
medical attention

12. Slides 12
• Supportive in nature Gradually re-warm the
exposed area at room temperature
• Wash and dry the affected area
• Apply a dry, soft sterile bandage
• Symptoms usually subside with elimination
of cold.
Cold Related Illness
Chilblains
(Pernio)
Snow
Blindness
• Prevent further ultraviolet exposure
(sunglasses). If no sunglasses are available,
patch affected eye.
• Oral analgesics (NSAIDS, but do not put local
analgesics into the eyes)
• Do NOT put steroid medications into the eye
CASEVAC as the operational environment
permits

13. Slides 13
• Maintain ABC’s. If CPR is initiated, maintain extensive re-warming efforts to ensure
circulation of warm blood to the body’s core.
• Move casualty to a warm shelter to prevent further heat loss Remove wet clothing if
situation allows.
• 1. Frostbite Loosen or remove constrictive clothing
• Warm, moist air via boiling water or hot shower (inhalation is the fastest way to warm the
core) Sleeping bag re-warming (place patient in bag with 1 or 2 buddies)
• Apply heating pads or packs (groin/armpits/neck) Warm water bath (water temperature
between 100°F and 108°F) Hot, sweet drinks (if conscious) Monitor vital signs.
• Observe for cardiac abnormalities Monitor core temperature rectally Warm IV solutions
(Pre-warm solution in warm water or between MRE heaters)
Cold Related Illness
Hypothermi
a

14. • Move to warm shelter and provide supportive care
• Rapid immersion of affected area into warm water. Cover with loose, dry sterile dressing that is
non-compressive and non-adherent
• Do NOT allow casualty to walk on affected feet. Fingers and toes should be separated and
protected with sterile cotton gauze
• Do NOT drain blisters in the field Provide pain meds as needed. Start IV and give 250 mL bolus
of warm saline to treat dehydration and reduce blood viscosity
• Do NOT give alcohol or cigarettes because of their vasoconstrictive properties Do NOT use
direct heat source greater than 102°F on the affected area Do NOT allow the thawed part to
refreeze (when the injured site freezes, thaws, and then refreezes, the second freezing causes
a greater amount of severe thrombosis, vascular damage, and tissue loss) CASEVAC ASAP
Slides 14
Cold Related Illness
Frostbit
e

15. Slides 15
General MSK
Cases

16. Slides 16
Head Injury
20 y.o. soccer goalie attempting to make a save and kicked
in the head
Develops headache and nausea
No LOC
No history of head injury
Case
Scenario

17. Slides 17
• Sports concussion assessment tool (SCAT) 5
⚬ Symptom Evaluation
⚬ Orientation
⚬ Cognitive Screening
⚬ Concentration
⚬ Neurologic Screening
• Vestibular Ocular Motor/Screening (VOMS)
• Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
Concussion Sideline Testing

18. SUMMARY
Slides 18

19. Slides 19
THANK
YOU