Zahran's 4 p dimentions of quality

Attachment.
The main target:
Assuring the Product Quality
Slide 1
However, product quality is dependent on process quality, project quality and
people quality.
Copyright Dr Sami Zahran, sami_zahran@Hotmail.com,
All rights reserved.

The 4P Model of Quality
Slide 2
1) Product
Quality
2) Process
Quality
3) Project
Quality
4) People
Quality

Product
Quality
1) Product Quality Attributes
Slide 3
Process
Quality
Project
Quality
People
Quality
1- Product
Quality
Attributes

Software Product Quality Model
(Products Quality Attributes)
ISO/IEC 9126 quality model specifies three domains of software
quality attributes:
Internal Quality Attributes,
External Quality Attributes
 Quality in use
Examples of Internal quality attributes are Design Modularity
and compliance with coding standards. External quality
attributes are evaluated when the software is executed, during
formal testing activities. In-use quality attributes refer to the
user’s view of the software quality when the it used in a
particular environmental context. Software is evaluated after it
is deployed to the operational environment.
Slide 4Copyright Dr Sami Zahran, sami_zahran@Hotmail.com,

Product Quality Framework (*)
User Quality Requirements Quality in use
External QualityExternal Quality
Requirements
User Acceptance
Testing (UAT)
Verification
Internal Quality
Validation
Internal Quality
Requirements
(*)ISO/IEC 9126-1 Quality Model
Slide 5

Software Product Quality throughout the
Development Lifecycle
process
measures
process
quality
Internal
quality
attributes
External
quality
attributes
internal
measures
External
measures
Quality
in-use
measures
process Software product
in-use
quality
attributes
Effect of using the
Software product
Slide 6

Software Quality Model
(Quality Attributes)
ISO/IEC 9126 quality model specifies three domains of software
quality attributes:
Internal Quality Attributes,
External Quality Attributes
 Quality in use
Examples of Internal quality attributes are Design Modularity
and compliance with coding standards. External quality
attributes are evaluated when the software is executed, during
formal testing activities. In-use quality attributes refer to the
user’s view of the software quality when the it used in a
particular environmental context. Software is evaluated after it
is deployed to the operational environment.

External & Internal Quality Attributes
Functionality
Slide 8
Reliability
Usability
Efficiency
Maintainability
Probability

Functionality
Slide 9
The capability of the software to provide functions that meet stated and
implied needs when the software is used under specified conditions.
Subcharacteristics:
Suitability
Accuracy
Interoperability
Security
Functionality Compliance

Reliability
Slide 10
The capability of the software to maintain a specified “target” level of
performance when used under specified conditions.
Subcharacteristics:
Maturity
Fault Tolerance
Recoverability
Reliability Compliance

Usability
Slide 11
The capability of the software to be understood, learned, used and attractive
to the user, when used under specified conditions.
Subcharacteristics:
Understandability
Learnability
Operability
Attractiveness
Usability Compliance

Product’s external & internal Quality Attributes
Efficiency
Slide 12
The capability of the software to provide appropriate performance, relative to
the amount of resources used, under stated conditions.
Subcharacteristics:
Time behaviour
Resource utilisation
Efficiency Compliance

Product’s External & Internal Quality Attributes
Maintainability
Slide 13
The capability of the software product to modified. Modifications may include
corrections, improvements, or adaptation of the software to changes in
environment, and in requirements and functional specifications.
Subcharacteristics:
Analysability
Changeability
Stability
Testability
Maintainability Compliance

Product’s External & Internal Quality Attributes
Portability
Slide 14
The capability of the software product to be transferred from one
environment to another.
Subcharacteristics:
Adaptability
Installability
Co-existence
Replaceability
Portability Compliance

Product Quality In-Use Attributes
Effectiveness
Slide 15
Productivity
Safety
Satisfaction

Product Quality In-Use Attributes
Effectiveness
Slide 16
The capability of the software product to enable users to achieve specified
goals with accuracy and completeness in a specified context of use.
The capability of the software product to enable users to expend appropriate amounts of resources in relation to
the effectiveness achieved in a specified context of use.
Productivity

The Process Quality Attributes
Slide 18
Process
Quality
Project
Quality
People
Quality
2) Process
Quality
Attributes

Example: Process Quality Attributes
• The process must be enforced
• The process must be Monitored
• The process must be documented
• The Process must have a specified Owner
• The Process must be controlled (all the changes go
through formal change control procedure)
• All concerned personnel must be trained on the
process
• The process must be continuously improved (through
feedback on the process performance)
Can you think of more process quality attributes.
Slide 19

The Project Quality Attributes
Slide 20
Product
Quality
Process
Quality
People
Quality
3) Procject
Quality
Attributes

Example: Project Quality Attributes
The project progresses according to its plan as follows:
•The project satisfies its Costs Targets
•The project satisfies its Time Targets
•The project satisfies its Quality Targets
•The Project satisfies its Deliverables’ Targets
•The project deliverables satisfy the Stakeholders
requirements (internal and external)
•The project successfully manage Risks and Issues
•The project uses staff with the right skills and
Slide 21

The People Quality Attributes
Slide 22
Product
Quality
Process
Quality
Project
Quality
4) People
Quality
Attributes

People Quality

People Quality Attributes
Slide 24
• Defined Skill set to suit the Job Description
• Generic Skills and (Matching the organisation
culture)
• Formal Certifications / Accreditations
• Personal attributes to suit the nature of the
Job (As specified in the job Description)
• Motivation Skills
• Other specific people quality as appropriate:
e.g. Security Clearance, night work, etc.)

Critical Success Factors
Creating a Software Quality Culture
• Commitment by top management
• Quality is responsibility of everyone
• Empowering employees to do the right thing
• Focus on Customer satisfaction (internal & externa
customers)
• Continuous monitoring and diagnosis of quality
issues
• Root-Cause- Analysis (RCA)
• Continuous Improvement
• Quality Champions throughout the organization

Summary and Q&A

Zahran's 4 p dimentions of quality

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