2. What is a network?
A network is a group of
interconnected computer systems
which share services and interact
with each other by means of
shared communication link.
3. Classification of Networks
• Local Area Network (LAN)Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)
4. LANLAN
• A network of computers of any variety that are
located relatively near each other and connected
by a continuous wire (or a wireless link) is a
Local Area Network (LAN).
• Any network that exists within a single building,
or even a group of adjacent building or campus,
is considered a LAN.
5. WANWAN
• A wide area network is typically two or
more LANs that are connected together,
generally across a wide geographical
area.
• WAN may be connected by
– dedicated lines
• Leased from telephone company, or
• Fibre-optic backbone, or
– Via Satellite
6. What is Internet?What is Internet?
• The internet is a network of networks of
computer hosts able to seamlessly
communicate with each other.
• The communication is facilitated
through Internet Protocol and Services.
7. • The Internet can provide opportunities for
outreach to improve health by supporting
and educating both providers and patients.
• Abundance of information on the Internet.
• New sites are added daily and old sites
may be removed or changed.
• Indexes of multiple web; eg
www.generalpediatrics.com
8. What is a web site?What is a web site?
A Web Site is a location on
the internet represented by
a unique address.
9. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• The Uniform Resource Locator is a unique addressing
scheme that spells out the exact location of an internet
resource.
• When the user clicks on a link, the browser reads the
link to the resource.
• A URL contains information about the location of the
document. Example
http://www.vmmc-sjh.nic.in/pediatrics
10. Some commonly used terms!Some commonly used terms!
• IP = Internet Protocol
• ISP = Internet Services Provider
• ARPA = Advanced Research Project Agency.
• TCP = Transmission Control Protocol.
• DNS = Domain Name System
• www = World Wide Web
• HTML = Hypertext Markup Language
• HTTP = Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
11. Standard Domain NamesStandard Domain Names
com Commercial Organization
edu Educational Institutions.
ac Academic Institutions.
gov Government Institutions.
mil Military Group
net Major Network Support Centres.
org Organizations other than above
int International Organizations.
12. Country CodeCountry Code
Two character identifier for a country
• in India
• np Nepal
• cn China
• uk United Kingdom
13. Hypertext Transfer ProtocolHypertext Transfer Protocol
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a
communications protocol for the transfer of
information on the internet and the World Wide
Web . Its original purpose was to provide a way
to publish and retrieve hypertext pages over
the Internet.
• HTTP is a request/response standard between
a client and a server.
14.
15. World Wide WebWorld Wide Web
• The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked
documents accessed via the internet.
• With a Web browser, a user views Web pages.
• A web-page is the page opened on the screen when a
client is connected to server. It may contain text,
images, videos and other multimedia and navigates
between them using hyperlinks.
• The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Sir Tim
Berners-Lee in Geneva.
17. What is a Web Browser?What is a Web Browser?
• A web browser is a software installed
on your computer that turns your
computer into a web-client that
communicates through an Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
• It enables you to access the www.
18. Web Browser
• web browser is a software application which enables a user
to display and interact with text, images, videos, music and
other information typically located on a Web Page at a website
on the World Wide Web or a Local Area Network (LAN).
• Text and images on a Web page can contain hyperlinks to
other Web pages at the same or different website.
• Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access
information provided on many Web pages at many websites by
traversing these links.
20. HyperlinksHyperlinks
• A hyperlink is a reference or navigation
element in a document to another section
of the same document or to another
document that may be on or part of a
(different) domain.
21. HTMLHTML
Hyper Text Markup Language, is the
predominant markup language for web
pages. It provides a means to describe
the structure of text-based information
in a document
22. Typing the addressTyping the address
• Always use the site’s exact designation.
• It may or may not start with www
• Example: pediatrics.about.com
• The browser will automatically add the
familiar tag, http://
24. Search EnginesSearch Engines
• Enter a search expression
and it searches the web for you.
• Search Expressions:
– A word, or
– A key-word, or
– Combination of Key-word, or
– Phrase.
25. Web RobotWeb Robot
• Each engine uses a web robot to build its database.
• A web robot is also called a bot or a spider.
• It is a programme that automatically searches the
web to find new web sites and update information
about old web sites that already are in the database.
• The main advantage is that it can examine far more
web sites than any other manual way.
26. Web DirectoriesWeb Directories
• A web directory is a listing of hyperlinks to
web pages that is organized into hierarchical
categories. Example: books, cameras, map &
direction etc.
• The web pages are listed according to
category it belongs to.
• The main weakness of a directory is that you
must know which category is likely to yield the
information you desire.
27. Hybrid Search Engine DirectoryHybrid Search Engine Directory
• The combination of Search Engine
and Directory is known as Hybrid
Search Engine Directory.
• Example: Yahoo! .com
28. Meta Search EnginesMeta Search Engines
A meta search engine is a
tool that combines the power
of multiple search engines.
29. Web ResourcesWeb Resources
• Bibliographies,
– General References,
– Internet Encyclopedia,
– Scout report signpost
• Resource Lists,
• Guides,
• Clearinghouses,
• Virtual Libraries
30. What is FTP?What is FTP?
• File Transfer Protocol.File Transfer Protocol.
• It is the programme for transferring from one
computer to another computer over the internet.
• To upload a file means to send it from your
computer to another computer.
• To download a file means to receive on your
computer one or more files from another
computer.
31. Internet CookiesInternet Cookies
A cookie is a small text file that your
browser exchanges with the Web site
and then subsequently saves on your
computer.
32. Continuing Medical EducationContinuing Medical Education
[CME]
• Many websites in US offer CME credits:
– Free
– Charges
• Award winning free website:
www.breastfeedingbasics.org
• Cases & tutorials on CD-ROM.
33. ConferencesConferences
• Missed conferences:
– No permission,
– Exigency of services,
– Busy clinical practice
• Internet offers opportunities to make
conference material available to those
unable to attend.
34. Conference MaterialConference Material
• Power-point slides with audio tracks,
• Streaming videos, or papers.
• You can see an example of streaming
video at the University of Nebraska site
that has a Grand Round lecture series
(www.unmc.edu/Pediatrics/GrandRounds/home.htm).
35. Directories of Medical MeetingsDirectories of Medical Meetings
• Physician’s Guide to the Internet
• www.physiciansguide.com
– Announcements of CME events and conferences,
– Professional opportunities,
– Clinical practice Guidelines,
– Practical advice (eg, repaying medical loans)
36. ConsultationConsultation
• Electronic access to:
– Experts,
– Colleagues.
• Advice to patients
(clinicians and patients seek advice over the Internet).
– Email,
– Asynchronous Discussion Group
– Listserv.
37. emailemail
• Account with and Internet Service Provider
(ISP): Address/Mailbox.
• Listserv use e-mail technology to allow
users to subscribe to discussion groups.
38. Listservs and Discussion GroupsListservs and Discussion Groups
Listing of Parent Discussion Groups www.med.stanford.edu/touchstone/listserv.html
National Network of Libraries of
Medicine listing of listservs
nnlm.gov/pnr/samplers/pediatric.html
PedTalks for general pediatric
discussions
www.pcc.com/lists/pedtalk
Different types of discussions. Pediatrics.about.com
Spina Bifida/Hydrocephalus Listserv@mercury.dsu.edu
Cystic Fibrosis List Listserv@yalevm.cis.yale.edu
Diabetes List Listserv@lehigh.edu
39. Corresponding through emailCorresponding through email
• Used for:
– Consultation,
– Patient communication, and
– Practice Management.
• The American Medical Informatics Association:
– General Guidelines.
– Medico-legal administrative guideline.
40. NetiquetteNetiquette
• The etiquette on network is
known as netiquette.
• These are written and unwritten
conventions of polite conduct in
cyberspace.
41. Conventions of netiquetteConventions of netiquette
• Be prompt in acknowledging and sending the reply.
• Use proper degree of formality.
• Don’t shout! Words written totally in CAPITAL LETTERS
(Upper Case) are considered as shouting with a touch of
anger.
• Manage your mailbox by creating appropriate folders
and cleaning of unwanted emails from time to time.
• Check for new emails frequently. If you do not do so, you
are losing the advantage of quick delivery of message.
• Before sending/opening the attachment, check it for
virus.
42. Self-StudySelf-Study
• Information over-load.
• Online journals.
• Subscription online versions.
• Electronic Newsletters.
• Pediatric Practice Guidelines online.
• Question about a new drug.
• E-detailing: multimedia presentation of new drugs.
• Online request for a call from a drug representative.
44. Clinical DatabaseClinical Database
• Cochrane collection is available free to
Medscape users, at
www.medscape.com/Cochrane/mainindex.html
• EBM Resources:
www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/pubmed_tutorial/m1001.html
• CAT Tools: www.usf.edu
45. Boolean LogicBoolean Logic
• Boolean Logic represents relationship
between more than one keyword.
• AND: Use AND (in all caps) to retrieve citations that contain at
least one of terms from your search.
• OR: Use OR to retrieve citations that contain at least one of the
search terms.
• NOT: Use NOT to exclude the retrieval of terms from your
search (eg, lead poisoning NOT adults).
• Filters.
46. EMR/DHREMR/DHR
• Electronic Medical Records/Digital Health Records.
• Quick and accurate retrieval of patient data.
• Health Care Delivery Vs Revolution in Information
Technology.
• Electronic Clinical Information System.
47. TelemedicineTelemedicine
• Telecommunication technology for medical
diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic
purposes when distance separates the users.
• Three categories:
– Store & Forward,
– Self-monitoring and testing, and
– Clinical Interactive Services.
• Over 400 telemedicine programs in USA
48. Uses of TelemedicineUses of Telemedicine
• Disasters and Emergencies.
• Home-care and home-nursing.
• Psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation.
• Remote echocardiographic diagnosis of Congenital
Heart Diseases.
• Distance Learning through video conferencing.
49. PDAPDA
[Personal Digital Assistants]
• Also known as Palm-tops or handheld computers.
• Uses:
– Checking drug information and treatment regimen,
– Viewing patient data,
– Looking up diagnostic codes and laboratory values,
– Vaccine recommendations,
– ECG Findings,
– Resuscitation Dosage,
– Latest abstracts from Pediatrics
– News, Research Findings and other pediatric resources.
50. SecuritySecurity
• Protecting the confidentiality and
privacy of medical records.
• Patients’ right of protection against
the misuse or disclosure of their
health records.
• Patients’ right on how their health
information is being used.
51. Govt. of IndiaGovt. of India
Informatics Training Programme at NIC HQInformatics Training Programme at NIC HQ
• Executive Development Programme.
• Office Productivity Tools.
• Sectoral Developmental Programme.
• Many others.
52. Executive Developmental ProgrammeExecutive Developmental Programme
• E-Governance,
• Computers & Internet (Part Time),
• Working with Internet,
• Networking: Basic Concepts and Services,
• Developing website, and
• Many others.
53. Office Productivity ToolsOffice Productivity Tools
• Windows: Basic,
• Windows: Advanced,
• Working with spreadsheet,
• MS PowerPoint Presentations,
• Getting started with MS-Access,
• Applications with MS-Access, and
• Many others.
55. How to apply?How to apply?
• For enrolment, the prescribed nomination
form (or its photocopy) may be used.
• For each participant and for each course,
separate nomination form should be filled up.
• Send to:
The Incharge (Training Division),
National Informatics Centre,
A-Block, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road,
New Delhi 110003.
56. • The Section Officer, Training Division
• Telephone: 24361576.
• Email: sotrg@alpha.nic.in
• Website: http://training.nic.in
57. ERMEDERMED
EElectronic RResources in MedMedical Sciences
• A National Consortium of Health Science Libraries in India.
• Promoted by the National Medical Library (NML), New Delhi.
• Funded by the Ministry of Health, Govt. of India.
• Trial Access initiated in Mid-2007.
• Launched in 2008 for full access by 39 initially participating
members.
• Website: www.nmlermed.in
