ICT Access & e-Government Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD) ESCAP

ICT Access & e-Government
Information and Communications Technology and Disaster
Risk Reduction Division (IDD)
ESCAP
-Funded by KECF-

Table of Contents
Objectives and expected outcomes of
the roundtable
ESCAP overview
Regional overview on ICT for
Development
ICT to address Health- and Poverty-related
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
MDGs
Overview of KECF project

Objectives and expected outcomes of the
roundtable
Identify the capacity building needs of policy
makers and implementers in the area of ICT and
governance;
Identify the information, product and service
needs of member states and gaps exists to
promote inclusive and sustainable socio-economic
development;
Provide guidance on various legislative/policy
issues and options;
Provide a platform to find out solutions to the
existing problems and constraints;

Objectives and expected outcomes of the
roundtable (cont.)
Raise awareness on recent developments in
the use of ICT;
Establish a network among participants
(networking tool);
Partnership building
Provide guidance to ESCAP for its future
activities;
Finally, to generate invaluable comments, inputs,
views to further develop our programme of
work and improve our service to our clients

ESCAP overview
United Nations Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESCAP
Regional development arm of the United Nations
Serves as the main economic and social
development centre for the United Nations in Asia-
Pacific
Provides the strategic link between global and
country-level programmes and issues
Supports Governments of countries in the region in
consolidating regional positions to approach regional
and global challenges
HQ located in Bangkok, Thailand

ESCAP Conference Structure
Eight committees (July 2008)- from
three committees
Committees under the Information
and Communications Technology
and Disaster Risk Reduction (IDD);
Information and Communications
Technology (CICT)
Disaster Risk Reduction (CDRR)

Committee on ICT
Issues to be addressed:
Integration of ICT-related issues in
development policies, plans and
programmes
Transfer of ICT applications at the regional
and subregional levels
Development of human and institutional
capacity in the use of ICT
ICT applications for disaster risk reduction

IDD: Subprogramme Objectives…
Increase sharing of knowledge among ESCAP member
States on policy options, strategies and best practices for
ICT connectivity and for integrating multi-hazard disaster
risk reduction into national development plan and
programmes;
Strengthen regional cooperative mechanisms in support
of ICT connectivity and disaster risk management;
Improve capabilities of member States in the field of multi-hazard
assessment, preparedness, early warning and
response to disaster risks;
Improve institutional capacity of ESCAP member States to
apply ICT for socio-economic development.

ESCAP ICT Strategy
Economic CCoonnnneeccttiivviittyy:: ICT applications for trade and
transport development and facilitation
SSoocciiaall CCoonnnneeccttiivviittyy:: Promotion ICT and its tools to achieve
IADG
PPaacciiffiicc CCoonnnneeccttiivviittyy:: connect the unconnected and
islands
IICCTT ffoorr DDRRRR:: effective integration of ICT applications with
other information technologies for effective disaster
management
RReeggiioonnaall ccooooppeerraattiioonn for socio-economic development
oriented ICT applications
IInnnnoovvaattiioonn iinn IICCTT aapppplliiccaattiioonnss and facilities
IICCTT ccaappaacciittyy bbuuiillddiinngg through the Asian and Pacific
Training Centre for ICT for Development (APCICT)

Regional Overview:
ICT for Inclusive and
Sustainable Socio-economic
Development

Mobile Technology
Mobile networks are expanding rapidly among
LDCs, especially LLDCs, with over 100% growth
between 2003-2008
SIDS generally show slower growth than the rest
Mobile communication is the predominant
means for communication among LDCs

Penetration of mobile phones (selected countries)-2008
Figure: Penetration of mobile phones in selected countries in the Asia-Pacific region

Internet
• The lowest Internet subscriber number found
in South and South-West Asia with 8.6 per 100
populations with the highest average CAGR
of 27.8%
• The highest number, 44.2, is found in the
Pacific (including Australia and New
Zealand), with negative growth between (-
0.4%)
• ESCAP average in 2008 is 17.4
• LDC average is 0.6

Broadband Internet per 100 populations
Country/Name 2003 2008 CAGR(%)
Republic of Korea 23.701 32.1 6.3
Japan 11.722 23.7 15.1
Singapore 10.041 21.7 16.7
Malaysia 0.447 4.8 60.9
Kazakhstan 0.007 3.6 252.7
Cambodia 0.003 0.1 80.9
Viet Nam 0.011 1.5 165.7
Azerbaijan 0.005 0.7 169.7
India 0.013 0.4 103.5
Iran (Islamic Rep.) 0.001 0.4 232.2

Broadband subscription: overview
The most obvious digital divide appears in the
number of broadband usage
Negative correlation between decline in fixed
telephone lines and growth in broadband
subscription
Some countries are catching up rapidly
ESCAP average is 3.9 per 100 populations
South and South-West Asia: rapid growth (99.1%)
but still low number (0.67)

EGovt vs ICT Access, 2008 Index
South-Asia
country
Af ghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
I ran(Islamic Rep)
Maldiv es
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
1.000
0.750
0.500
0.250

0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000
ICTAccess
0.000
eGovt

EGovt vs ICT Access, 2008 Index
South-East Asia
country
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malay sia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Timor-Letse
Viet Nam
1.000
0.750
0.500
0.250
0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000
ICTAccess
0.000
eGov t

Where should we go from here
MDGs and WSIS goals: ICT access would be fundamental
in achieving them
Capitalizing on exponential mobile growth - more poor
and vulnerable people getting communications means
for the first time
Development of information and communications
infrastructure, the foundation of ICT applications, relies on
private and public financing
Private sector accounts for heavy capital input for
infrastructure and network development.
Broadband and mobile communications are driving
economic growth in developing countries

ICT to address Health- and
Poverty-related MDGs
(Millennium Development Goals)

E-Government for the MDGs
E-government is a powerful tool for achieving
the MDGs
Increasing efficiency and effectiveness of public
administration
Expanding reach and speed of public services
delivery
Using technology to reach the underserved
(examples: mobile financial services and mobile
health )
“To do more with less resources”

The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) – Selected
Indicators

Migration, Remittances and an Inclusive financial System
•By 2010, the Asia-Pacific region will have close to 53
million international migrants – one quarter of the
world’s migrants.
International remmittances as % of GDP, 2008
50
38
28 26
22
11 11
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Tajikistan
Tonga
Kyrgyz Republic
Samoa
Nepal
Bangladesh
Philippines
•Remittances
are often spent
on household
expenses and
basic
subsistence
needs (food,
clothing, health
and payment of
debts)

Part of the solution: Mobile financial services
More than 1 billion people in emerging markets do not
have a bank account but do have a mobile phone.
It is estimated that the use of mobile phone to transfer
remittances may exceed 1/2 a billion people by 2014.
Examples of companies providing mobile financial
services in developing countries:
M-Paisa in Fiji; Easypaisa in Pakistan; EKO/SBI, ICICI, and
Nokia - Obopay in India; WING Money in Cambodia,
Grameen - Obopay in Bangladesh, Smart
Communication and Globe Telecom in the Philippines,
etc.

Part of the solution: Mobile Health
M-Health: Using mobile communications - such as
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones - for
health services and information. Potentials:
Healthcare workers to provide real-time diagnoses and
accurate health information in rural as well as
marginalized areas where no health services exist
Remote diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation
Improving quality, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of
care
Tracking of diseases and monitoring of populations at risk
Coordinating response to disease events and natural
disasters.

Capacity-building

Tele-consulting and emergency assistance

Public Awareness

Data Collection and Early Warning

Where should we go from here?
Establish effective and efficient ICT regulation
Increasing awareness to develop and adopt mobile
applications, for example: mobile financial services, and
m-health.
Ensure development of the required infrastructure
Provide a framework for the provision of electronic
services and development of applications, i.e. mobile
remittances, mobile banking, and mobile health.
Define guidelines and standards for mobile applications
including: interoperability, quality of service, customer
protection, confidentiality, logical and physical security
of transactions and infrastructure.
Develop skills among government officials, business
sector and end users.

Overview
of the KECF project
Strengthening ICT policies applications to
achieve MDG WSIS goals in Asia the
Pacific

Introduction of KECF project
KECF : Korea-ESCAP Co-operation Fund
$ 12.4 million, 184 projects (1987~2010)
KECF project on ICT (May 2009~May 2011)
Strengthening ICT policies applications to achieve MDG
WSIS goals in Asia the Pacific
Goal
- Expand ICT access in the under-serviced areas of the
LDC, LLDC and SIDS for development-oriented ICT
applications

1. sub-Regional Workshops (Oct. 2009)
Analysis revealed
emerging trends
- phenomenal growth of mobile
- substitution effect (fixed vs. mobile)
characteristics different
pattern of growth in ICT access
Cooperation
policy decision makers of LDC,
LLDC SIDS (49 participants)
share experience practices
South Central Asia,
South-East Asia the Pacific
Analysis on
Current Status of ICT access
Technological, policy regulatory
options to expand ICT access
Studies to link
findings discussion outcomes to
- information dissemination applications
- policy recommendations options

Aims to
identify possible regulatory reforms among member countries
2. ICT access e- Gov’t for Achieving
the MDGs (round table, June 2010)
Results of the previous sub-regional workshops
: Telecommunications Regulation Report in the Asia Pacific
Region
(David Butcher)
Studies
regulation structure (monopoly ~ competitive) issues
how to bridge the digital divide
Asian Experience
changes in ICT trends
in-depth Analysis on 6 countries other examples

Summary of conclusions (1/3)
Competitive Regulation
effective to reduce price, improve services expand coverage
functional separation of policy, regulation,
biz management and ownership
defined legal mandate for the regulator transparency
treatment of all networks equally (non-discriminatory regulation),
technology-neutral license (horizontal regulation) can
- increase participation of new service providers
- enable convergence of wide services onto same infrastructure

Behavioral vs. Structural Regulation
behavioral regulation (ex. Price control, standards quality of
service approval) is technology specific
structural regulation is technology neutral
so that it facilitates commercial technological innovation
competition is more effective than price setting approach
to reduce price increase access to network

Bridging the Digital Divide
Malaysia, South Korea, Australia have promoted government
led initiatives to speed the digital divide
but, for most countries in the region this is not possible
Hoppe’s law : “Any network facing competition will expand”
- intensive competition from wireless alternatives
- need to encourage infrastructure facilities sharing
non-discrimination (ex. Geographically), fair clear process
achieve good outcomes

3. Concluding meeting
(Nov. 2010)
2. Round
Table
1. Regional
Workshop
In conjunction with 2nd session of
CICT (committee on ICT)
In this committee
present the findings of studies
in-depth gap
discuss on policy options for
implementation at the national level
regional cooperation
introduce platform for network
among policy decision makers
3. Concluding
meeting

Introduction of KECF project
Thank you kindly…
More information available from;
http://www.unescap.org/idd/

ICT Access & e-Government Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD) ESCAP

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