A medical undergraduate in ENT may not know every nooks and corners of ENT. However, they should know the basics of ENT This presentation explains about the minimal things that an ENT undergraduate is supposed to know.

1. How much is a medical
undergraduate supposed to
know in
otorhinolaryngology
(ENT- Head & Neck ) ?
Dr. Krishna Koirala

2. • Learn about the basic principles and practice of ear,
nose and throat including detailed history taking
• Need to develop skill in patient management in
common ear, nose and throat problems including
inflammatory diseases, polyp and epistaxis.
• Distinguish between types of hearing loss-conductive
and sensorineural

3. • Diagnose and manage foreign body in the ear, auricular
hematoma, wax, otitis externa
• Differentiate CSOM TT from CSOM AA
• Diagnose and medically treat acute and chronic suppurative otitis
media, mastoiditis, serous otitis media, otosclerosis and refer to
ENT surgeon
• Differentiate peripheral vertigo from central vertigo and prompt
referral to higher center if required
• Diagnose and refer fracture nasal bone, deviated nasal septum,
furuncle, nasal allergy, polyps, epistaxis, sinusitis

4. • Acute and recurrent tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess
• Acute and chronic pharyngitis, Ludwig’s angina
• Causes of hoarseness including laryngeal cancer and
indications for tracheostomy
• Differentiate between emergency and non-emergency
ENT conditions
• Remove foreign body from external ear, nose and throat
• Referral: List the conditions needing expert ENT
consultation