UG LEVEL GEOLOGY

1. Dr. C.P. DORLIKAR

2. INTRODUCTION
An earthquake is a major demonstration
of the power of the tectonic forces caused by
endogenetic conditions of the interior of the
earth.
This energy is released when two parts of
rock masses moves suddenly in relation to
each other suddenly.
This is a disastrous natural calamity
which occurs surprisingly.

3. DEFINITION OF
EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake is a sudden vibration of earth’s
surface by rapid release of energy. This energy is
released when two parts of rock masses move
suddenly in relation to each other along a fault.

4. TERMINOLOGY
Isoseismal lines
focus
epicentre

5. EAQRTHQUAKE WAVES
P- WAVES S- WAVES L- WAVES

6. ORIGIN OF EARTHQUAKE
No stress condition
Elastic strain stored
under stress
Release of strain
ELASTIC REBOUND THEORY

7. CLASSIFICATION OF EARTHQUAKES
DEPENDING
UPON MODE OF
ORIGIN
DEPENDING UPON
DEPTH OF FOCUS

8. VOLCANIC CAUSES
TECTONIC CAUSES
SURFACE CAUSES
COLLAPSE
Landslip

9. DEPENDING UPON DEPTH OF FOCUS
Shallow focus Intermediate
focus
Deep focus

10. EFFECTS OF
EARTHQUAKE

11. EARTHQUAKE RESISTING
STRUCTURE
 Careful study of past earthquake
records.
 Foundation on hard rocks / concrete
raft foundation.
Wider streets in relation to the height of
buildings.
Construction of steel framed of
ferro- concrete structures.
Taller structures should be avoided.

12. REFERRENCE:
PRINCIPLES OF
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
- K. M. BANGAR