Cancer Epidemiology of Cancer Prevention of Cancer Community Medicine

1. Epidemiology of Cancers & Its
Prevention
Dr Athar Khan
Department of Community Medicine
Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry
Karachi
matharm@yahoo.com

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3. Definition of Cancer
• A group of diseases characterized by an
– Abnormal growth of cells
– Ability to invade adjacent tissues and even distant
organs
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6. CLASSIFICATION OF TUMORS
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9. Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally
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10. Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer
Cancer causing infections, such as hepatitis and human
papilloma virus (HPV)
5 leading behavioral and dietary risks: high body mass
index, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical
activity, tobacco use, and alcohol use
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12. WORLD PAKISTAN
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13. WORLD PAKISTAN
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14. World Health Organization - Cancer Country Profiles, 2014.
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology - WHO
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16. Physical carcinogens, such as ultraviolet and
ionizing radiation
What causes cancer?
Chemical carcinogens, such as asbestos,
components of tobacco smoke, aflatoxin (a food
contaminant), and arsenic (a drinking water
contaminant);
Biological carcinogens, such as infections from
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17.  Tobacco
 Physical inactivity, dietary factors, obesity and
being overweight
 Alcohol use
 Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection
 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) - sexually
transmitted viral infection of the reproductive tract
 Environmental Pollution of air, water and soil with
carcinogenic chemicals
 Radiation
 Reproductive factors1/13/2020 DR ATHAR KHAN LCMD 17

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21. Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and high-sensitivity fecal occult blood tests
(FOBTs)
Low-dose helical computed tomography for lung cancer
Mammography for breast cancer
Pap test and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical cancer
PSA for prostate cancer
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22. WHO Definition of Palliative Care
Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and
their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness,
through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification
and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems,
physical, psychosocial and spiritual.
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