1. The document discusses understanding a patient's medication experience, which includes their attitudes, beliefs, concerns, and behaviors regarding medications. 2. A patient's medication experience is assessed through understanding their description of past experiences, compiling a comprehensive medication history, and documenting their current medication regimen. 3. Key parts of the assessment involve understanding a patient's general attitudes, wants/expects from therapy, concerns, cultural/religious factors, and medication-taking behaviors in order to optimize their treatment plan.

1. Patient’s Medication Experience
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2. Notes
• One of the important variables that if succeed
it will affect in providing good pharmaceutical
care.
• It is an important issue that should be
performed in the patient’s assessment.
• i.e
Therapeutic relationship ----- Understanding
patient's medication experience ----
Pharmacotherapy workup.
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3. Notes
For every patient
• As the Physician learned how to understand
the patient view on his illness (Descrition of
disease) .
• The Pharmaceutical care practitioner should
learn how to understand the patient
perception and behavior of his medication
(Medication experience).
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4. Definition
• The summation of all events a patient has in
his lifetime that involve drug therapy.
(Patient Personal Experience with
Medications).
(Unique experinece)
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5. Short vs. Extensive
• Short (little) medication experience
- Short period of medication use (little to
be ill).
- Young patient.
- Patient with few medications.
• Extensive medication experience
- patients who have taken numerous
medications.
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6. Affected by ….
• Patient’s preference
• Patient’s attitude
• Patient’s tradition.
• Patient’s religion.
• Patient’s culture.
• What he heard or learnt from others.
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7. So… all of these will affect
• Whether the patient takes his medication or not!
• How the patient uses his medication!
• Whether the patient believes the medication will be
effective !
• Whether the patient believes the medication will be
harmful!
• Patient’ preference, attitude, tradition, religion, and
culture will affect his confidence in himself and how
he can help himself to improve his quality of life.
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8. Positive vs. Negative Medication Experience
• If a patient has negative medication
experience
- This may affect his outcome.
- This may affect his expectation on your
ability to help him.
So your role is to recognize and directly address
patients with negative experience.
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9. Example on Negative Medication Experience
• Patient may prefer not to take medications at work
- Greatly affect the compliance and outcomes.
• Patient’s experience (ex. Not to take a medication) is
strongly affected by friends or family members.
• Patient from a religious point of view belief not to use
a contraceptive.
• Patient rely on traditional medicine to maintain health
and only may use medication for acute or severe
illness.
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10. Consists of ….
1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications.
2) Comprehensive medication history.
3) Complete record of the patient’s current
medications and associated medical
conditions.
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11. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
• The early step in the assessment.
• Practitioner should encourage patient to
describe medication experience.
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12. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
A. What is the patient’s general attitude toward taking
medication
• The summation of life events that affect his belief, concern,
understanding and preference.
• Negative attitude
- Drugs not work
- Drugs cause problems.
- Prefer not to take.
• Positive attitude
- the patient said there must be a drug that can solve
my problem.
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13. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
A. What is the patient’s general attitude toward
taking medication
• Ex. if a patient is using a herbal product
- Less +ve perception on the medication safety.
- More +ve perception on the herbal
effectiveness.
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14. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
B. What does a patient want / expect from his therapy.
You should ask them what they expect or want ….. As some
patients
• Find it difficult to describe what they want.
• Hesitate to share what he wants with a person with
whom he doesnot establish a good relationship.
• Thought that what they want is not important for
practitioners.
• Thought that the practitioner is too busy with other
issues to deal with other than what patient’s want.
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15. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
B. What does a patient want / expect from his
therapy.
• Be sure that sometimes what the patient
wants is not what he actually needs.
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16. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
C. Patient’s concern
• Risk of taking medications.
• Adverse effects experienced.
• Confusion on how to use the medications.
• Confusion on why the medication is used for.
- Afraid from using a medication ….
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17. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
D. Patient’s understanding of drug therapy.
• Understanding why the medication is used for.
• Name of medications.
• Dose and dosage schedule.
• Clinical and lab test measures needed.
-- this will determine how much education the
patient needs from the practitioner.
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18. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
E. Culture, ethical and religious issue
• Affect the patient’s attitude and belief about
the use / appropriateness of medication.
• Affect the patient’s attitude and belief about
the efficacy of medication.
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19. 1) Understanding the patient’s description of
the experience he has with the medications
F. Patient’s medication taking behavior
• Describe the patient’s makes and acts related to the use
of drug product and dosage regimen.
• Depends on all the previous points.
- Whether the patient chooses to take medication.
- How the patient takes the medications.
- If he choose to refill.
- If he compliant to take the medication in
appropriate way.
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20. 2) Medication history
Main aims
• Recording the medications that are taken in the
past.
• Recording the effectiveness of the previous
medications
- can direct future drug selection.
• Recording the safety of the previous medications
- serve as warning to avoid re-exposing the
patient to harm.
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21. 2) Medication history
List of components of medication history
• Immunization records.
• History and quantification of social drug use.
• Medication allergy and characteristics of allergic response.
• Adverse drug reactions.
• Health alerts and/or special needs for patients.
• Historical account for relevant medication use.
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22. 2) Medication history
Immunization records
• Includes childhood and adult vaccinations.
• Immunization record is important to be kept by
patients
- usually used for travel, school, emergency
care.
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23. 2) Medication history
History and quantification of social drug use.
• Include
- Tobacco.
- Caffeine.
- Alcohol
- Drug of abuse.
- Herbal remedies.
• This is important as these may affect dug
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion.
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24. 2) Medication history
Medication allergy and characteristics of allergic
response
• Definition: unfavorable physiological response to
an allergen to which the patient develops an
immune response and through the release of
chemical mediators (histamine, complement,
cytokines, … ).
• The allergic symptoms
- urticaria, eczema, dyspnea, bronchospasm,
rhinitis, ………... , anaphylaxis.
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25. 2) Medication history
Medication allergy and characteristics of allergic
response
• Medication allergy recording should include:
- To which agent the allergic response occurs.
- the types/ symptoms of allergic response.
- the time of allergic response
• Should differentiate between allergic response
and ADR.
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26. 2) Medication history
Adverse drug reaction
• Definition: harmful, undesirable and
unintended response that occurs after drug
administration at usual dosage used in
treatment, prevention or diagnosis.
• Type A , B, C, D, E, F, G.
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27. 2) Medication history
Adverse drug reaction
• Adverse drug reaction recording should include
- To which possible agent the adverse
reaction occurs.
- The types/ symptoms of ADR.
- The time of ADR.
- The resolution of ADR.
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28. 2) Medication history
Alerts and special needs
• Impaired hearing or loss.
• Problems with walking up stairs.
• Require oxygen therapy.
• Language barrier.
• Special need while taking the medications.
• Special alerts in genetic variations (ex. G6PD deficiency).
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29. 2) Medication history
History of relevent medication use
• Include the medications that affect the current therapy
decision.
- Why he takes this drug.
- The drug product (name, dosage regimen)
- Duration of treatment.
• Within 6 months duration.
• Can direct future drug selection.
• Serve as warning to avoid re-exposing the patient to harm
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30. 3) The current medication record
• All the patient’s current medical condition or illness
and
how they are being managed with drug therapy.
• Current medication information recorded include:
- Indication.
- Drug product.
- Dosage regimen.
- Duration of treatment.
- Clinical results to date.
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31. 3) The current medication record
Indication
• Clinical reason why the patient is taking the
medication.
- For treatment of a diagnosed disease.
- Before diagnosis.
- Prevent a medical condition.
- Relief sigs and symptoms.
• Classify the medications used by their indication.
• Can help to prevent DRP.
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32. 3) The current medication record
Drug product
• It is noted by generic or trade name.
• Sometimes the name of manufacturer is
needed.
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33. 3) The current medication record
Dosage regimen
• Dose
• Strength
• Dosage
• Frequency and Dosing interval
• Duration of treatment
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34. 3) The current medication record
Dosage regimen
• Dose: amount of active ingredient that the patient takes or
applies each time he takes the medications.
• Strength: how much active ingredient is contained in the
dosage form (mg, mg/ml, readon,. …)
• Dosage: total amount of drug the patient takes over a given
period of time.
• Dosing interval: time between the consecutive doses
• Duration of therapy: total time the patient has taken the
medication.
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35. 3) The current medication record
Start date:
- Assessing the possibility of an allergic
reaction or ADR.
- Assessing if a certain drug has enough
time to produce the desired response.
- Assessing treatment failure.
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36. 3) The current medication record
Response
• The patient’s response to a drug therapy should be
evaluated in relation to the desired goal of therapy.
• Response
- Improve
- Stable
- Partially improve.
- Worsened.
- Resolved
- Failed
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+ve
or
–ve
response