2. Methodology
2
• The survey was conducted by Rating Group Ukraine on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in
Survey Research.
• The survey was conducted throughout Ukraine (except for the occupied territories of Crimea and Donbas) from March 15-31,
2018, through face-to-face interviews at respondents’ homes.
• The sample consisted of 2,400 permanent residents of Ukraine aged 18 and older and eligible to vote. It is representative of
the general population by gender, age, region, and settlement size. The distribution of population by regions and settlements
is based on statistical data of the Central Election Commission from the 2014 parliamentary elections, and the distribution of
population by age and gender is based on data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine from January 1, 2017.
• A multi-stage probability sampling method was used with the random route and next birthday methods for respondent
selection.
• Stage One: The territory of Ukraine was split into 25 administrative regions (24 regions of Ukraine and Kyiv). The survey
was conducted throughout all regions of Ukraine, with the exception of the occupied territories of Crimea and Donbas.
• Stage Two: The selection of settlements was based on towns and villages. Towns were grouped into subtypes according
to their size:
• Cities with population of more than 1 million
• Cities with population of between 500,000-999,000
• Cities with population of between 100,000-499,000
• Cities with population of between 50,000-99,000
• Cities with population up to 50,000
• Villages
Cities and villages were selected by PPS method (probability proportional to size). The number of selected
cities/villages in each region is proportional to the share of population living in cities/villages of a certain type in each
region.
• Stage Three: Households were selected by random route method, and respondents were selected by the “last birthday”
rule.
• The margin of error does not exceed 2.0 percent for the full sample.
• Response rate is 65.4 percent.
• Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding.
• The survey was funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
3. 3
Geographical Key
*Due to the Russian occupation of Crimea and the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, residents of Crimea and the so-
called separatist-controlled territories of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts (“the Donbas”) were not surveyed in this poll.
5. Generally speaking, do you think that things in Ukraine are going
in the right direction or wrong direction?
5
13% 14% 15%
18%
34%
29%
15% 17%
15%
11%
13%
11%
13%
18%
16%
14%
15%
71%
66%
69%
64%
48%
51%
72%
68%
70%
76%
71% 72% 72%
68% 67%
71% 71%
16%
20%
16%
17% 18%
20%
13%
15% 15%
13% 15% 17%
15%
15%
17% 15%
14%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Nov
2011
May
2012
May
2013
Feb
2014
April
2014
Sept
2014
July
2015
Sept
2015
Nov
2015
Feb
2016
June
2016
Sept
2016
April
2017
June
2017
Sept
2017
Dec
2017
March
2018
Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer/No answer
6. Generally speaking, do you think that things in Ukraine are going
in the right direction or wrong direction?
6
(Disaggregated by age, region)
14%
14%
17%
12%
13%
15%
19%
69%
74%
72%
77%
71%
76%
63%
17%
12%
11%
10%
15%
9%
18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
51+
36-50
18-35
East
Center
South
West
Age
Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer
Region
7. Generally speaking, do you think that things in Ukraine are going
in the right direction or wrong direction?
7
61%
26%
21%
14%
14%
13%
12%
7%
6%
6%
9%
18%
62%
59%
72%
75%
75%
64%
88%
85%
85%
72%
22%
14%
20%
15%
11%
12%
24%
5%
10%
9%
19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
BPP Solidarnist
Svoboda
Self-Reliance
Party
Civic Position
Opposition Bloc
Fatherland
(Batkivshchyna)
Radical Party
Servant of the
People
For Life Party (Za
Zhyttia)
Would not vote
Undecided
Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer
(Disaggregated by political party preference)
12. Do you intend to vote in the parliamentary elections scheduled for
October 2019?
12
37%
26%
11%
18%
8%
Definitely yes
Somewhat yes
Somewhat no
Definitely no
Difficult to answer
13. 13
(Disaggregated by age, region)
31%
36%
43%
30%
29%
41%
44%
25%
25%
28%
24%
28%
25%
29%
13%
12%
7%
12%
16%
9%
7%
23%
20%
14%
26%
20%
17%
12%
8%
7%
8%
7%
6%
8%
9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
18-35
36-50
51+
South
East
Center
West
Definitely yes Somewhat yes Somewhat no Definitely no Difficult to answer
Do you intend to vote in the parliamentary elections scheduled for
October 2019?
RegionAge
15. If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday and the
following political parties participated, which party would you
vote for?
15
22%
19%
8%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
2%
3%
4%
4%
5%
5%
5%
5%
9%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Difficult to answer
I would not vote
Other
People's Front
Nash Krai
Movement of New Forces
Justice
Revival Party (Vidrodzhennia)
UKROP
Agrarian Party of Ukraine
Svoboda
Servant of the People
Self-Reliance Party (Samopomich)
For Life Party (Za Zhyttia)
Radical Party
Civic Position
Bloc Petro Poroshenko (BPP) - Solidarnist
Opposition Bloc
Fatherland (Batkivshchyna)
(All respondents)
16. If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday and the
following political parties participated, which party would you
vote for?
16
(Likely voters, n=1,529)
21%
9%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
2%
3%
4%
6%
6%
7%
7%
7%
7%
13%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Difficult to answer
Other
Right Sector
Democratic Alliance
Nash Krai
People's Front
Movement of New Forces
Revival Party (Vidrodzhennia)
Justice
UKROP
Agrarian Party of Ukraine
Svoboda
Servant of the People
Self-Reliance Party (Samopomich)
For Life Party (Za Zhyttia)
Radical Party
Opposition Bloc
Bloc Petro Poroshenko (BPP) - Solidarnist
Civic Position
Fatherland (Batkivshchyna)
19. Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the President of
Ukraine Petro Poroshenko?
19
3%
4%
3%
4%
3%
2%
2%
10%
9%
9%
15%
10%
5%
6%
34%
31%
28%
36%
29%
29%
28%
45%
50%
53%
37%
50%
56%
59%
8%
6%
7%
9%
7%
7%
5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
18-35
36-50
51+
West
Center
East
South
Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer
(Disaggregated by age, region)
RegionAge
20. Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the President of
Ukraine Petro Poroshenko?
20
(Disaggregated by political party preference)
2%
2%
4%
2%
4%
4%
2%
26%
1%
10%
7%
9%
10%
10%
16%
62%
5%
3%
23%
30%
33%
35%
37%
41%
47%
42%
7%
25%
31%
68%
64%
50%
50%
46%
39%
38%
34%
2%
64%
51%
8%
4%
5%
4%
6%
6%
2%
6%
3%
6%
15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Opposition Bloc
For Life Party (Za Zhyttia)
Fatherland (Batkivshchyna)
Servant of the People
Civic Position
Self-Reliance Party
Radical Party
Svoboda
BPP Solidarnist
Do not vote
Undecided
Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer
<1%
<1%
22. Do you approve or disapprove of the activities of the Cabinet of
Ministers under Volodymyr Hroisman?*
22
(Disaggregated by age, region)
4%
3%
2%
3%
4%
3%
18%
12%
12%
21%
12%
14%
10%
28%
32%
33%
35%
34%
27%
28%
42%
46%
41%
33%
44%
44%
52%
9%
7%
12%
8%
9%
11%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
51+
36-50
18-35
West
East
Center
South
Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer
RegionAge
1%
23. Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Cabinet of
Ministers under Volodymyr Hroisman?*
23
(Disaggregated by political party preference)
3%
3%
1%
3%
2%
3%
4%
8%
19%
17%
6%
6%
18%
11%
28%
26%
26%
48%
6%
9%
19%
39%
40%
34%
38%
30%
40%
37%
19%
24%
28%
56%
50%
48%
41%
39%
37%
27%
23%
7%
59%
46%
5%
2%
5%
5%
9%
2%
4%
6%
7%
10%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Opposition Bloc
For Life Party (Za Zhyttia)
Servant of the People
Civic Position
Fatherland (Batkivshchyna)
Self-Reliance Party
Svoboda
Radical Party
BPP Solidarnist
Do not vote
Undecided
Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer
<1%
<1%
28. In your opinion, who is responsible for the following reforms?
48%
40%
37%
34%
28%
24%
23%
23%
22%
21%
21%
20%
20%
19%
19%
19%
16%
21%
29%
26%
33%
29%
26%
25%
25%
33%
31%
26%
23%
30%
31%
24%
30%
21%
17%
17%
17%
17%
25%
30%
35%
34%
33%
28%
25%
15%
38%
36%
31%
33%
22%
2%
2%
6%
3%
5%
3%
3%
4%
3%
4%
8%
29%
2%
3%
15%
6%
26%
11%
12%
14%
14%
14%
17%
14%
15%
10%
5%
15%
13%
10%
11%
12%
13%
16%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Defense and military
Anti-corruption
Public administration/Civil service
Judiciary
Law enforcement (e.g. patrol police)
Public procurement
Energy
Industry
Pension and social benefits
Tax
Deregulation and support of entrepreneurship
Decentralization and local governance, including amalgamation of
communities
Healthcare
Education and science
Infrastructure (e.g. roads)
Agriculture and land
Housing and communal areas (e.g. establishment of OSBB)
President Parliament Cabinet of Ministers Local authorities Difficult to answer
28
29. In your opinion, is the judiciary politically independent in Ukraine?
29
2%
7%
27%
55%
9%
Definitely yes
Somewhat yes
Somewhat no
Definitely no
Difficult to answer
30. 30
If Ukraine doesn’t follow through on anti-corruption reforms, such
as establishing an anti-corruption court, which of the following
should the international community do?
47%
21%
17%
13%
7%
4%
5%
17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
They should impose sanctions against Ukrainian politicians or
officials who are responsible for the lack of reform
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) should not extend its loan
to Ukraine
They should cut financial assistance to Ukraine
They should express their deep concern
They should not do anything
The European Union (EU) should cancel visa-free travel with
Ukraine
Other
Difficult to answer
(Up to two responses permitted)
31. 31
18-35 36-50 51+ West Center South East
They should impose sanctions against
Ukrainian politicians or officials who
are responsible for the lack of
reform
47% 45% 47% 57% 46% 36% 47%
The International Monetary Fund
(IMF) should not extend its loan to
Ukraine
20% 22% 22% 19% 22% 28% 13%
They should cut financial assistance
to Ukraine
15% 20% 16% 15% 15% 25% 10%
They should express their deep
concern
16% 11% 12% 12% 12% 13% 16%
They should not do anything 7% 7% 6% 4% 7% 6% 11%
The European Union (EU) should
cancel visa-free travel with Ukraine
5% 5% 3% 3% 5% 4% 3%
Other 6% 6% 4% 3% 5% 5% 7%
Difficult to answer 17% 16% 20% 19% 17% 19% 16%
(Up to two responses permitted)
If Ukraine doesn’t follow through on anti-corruption reforms, such
as establishing an anti-corruption court, which of the following
should the international community do?
32. 32
Fatherland
(Batkivshchyna)
BPPSolidarnist
CivicPosition
ForLife(ZaZhyttia)
Self-RelianceParty
OppositionBloc
RadicalParty
Svoboda
Servantofthe
People
Wouldnotvote
Undecided
They should impose sanctions against
Ukrainian politicians or officials who
are responsible for the lack of reform
54% 46% 54% 42% 63% 38% 42% 44% 62% 42% 41%
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
should not extend its loan for Ukraine
17% 15% 28% 24% 24% 26% 17% 24% 13% 24% 17%
They should cut financial assistance to
Ukraine
17% 11% 20% 9% 23% 18% 21% 18% 16% 17% 16%
They should express their deep
concern
13% 15% 14% 15% 10% 13% 16% 25% 12% 11% 11%
They should not do anything 5% 11% 2% 10% 5% 9% 7% 2% 3% 8% 7%
The European Union (EU) should
cancel visa-free travel with Ukraine
5% 1% 3% 2% 3% 5% 1% 11% 3% 5% 3%
Other 3% 5% 2% 10% 4% 3% 2% 4% 4% 5% 4%
Difficult to answer 16% 20% 15% 14% 5% 18% 21% 13% 21% 19% 26%
(Up to two responses permitted)
If Ukraine doesn’t follow through on anti-corruption reforms, such
as establishing an anti-corruption court, which of the following
should the international community do?
33. In your opinion, what are the consequences of corruption?
85%
81%
80%
74%
72%
64%
13%
11%
9%
7%
7%
7%
9%
12%
13%
18%
10%
6%
7%
2%
2%
3%
3%
3%
5%
7%
14%
15%
13%
13%
3%
3%
5%
4%
4%
5%
51%
58%
64%
74%
4%
5%
4%
6%
5%
7%
12%
10%
6%
4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Corruption diverts public funds to the private pockets of those in
power
Corruption impoverishes our population
Corruption undermines our country’s economy
Corruption demoralizes our society
Corruption increases social and economic inequality
Corruption can cause loss of health or death of people
Corruption promotes foreign investments
Corruption ensures more and better public services
Corruption stimulates entrepreneurship
Corruption makes our country more secure
Completely agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Difficult to answer
33
35. What is your opinion on each of the following Ukrainian politicians
or members of the Ukrainian government?
35
7%
5%
6%
5%
4%
4%
5%
6%
4%
3%
3%
3%
4%
2%
1%
1%
1%
21%
17%
15%
13%
13%
13%
12%
10%
11%
10%
10%
10%
9%
10%
9%
8%
5%
23%
22%
20%
19%
29%
20%
19%
23%
24%
21%
23%
13%
16%
19%
24%
27%
20%
29%
36%
48%
47%
46%
38%
48%
53%
44%
51%
55%
38%
56%
56%
53%
50%
65%
9%
9%
1%
7%
2%
13%
8%
1%
1%
3%
23%
3%
3%
2%
4%
2%
11%
10%
10%
10%
7%
13%
9%
7%
16%
12%
8%
14%
13%
10%
11%
11%
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Head of the political party “Civic Position,” Anatoliy Hrytsenko
Mayor of Lviv Andriy Sadovyi
MP, leader of the political party “Batkivshchyna,” Yulia Tymoshenko
MP, leader of the Opposition Bloc, Yuriy Boyko
Prime Minister Volodymyr Hroisman
Former Head of SBU Valentyn Nalyvaychenko
Leader of the political party “Za Zhyttia,” Vadym Rabinovich
MP, leader of Radical Party, Oleh Lyashko
Mayor of Kyiv Vitaliy Klychko
Leader of the political party “Svoboda,” Oleh Tyahnybok
President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko
MP, Opposition Bloc, Oleksandr Vilkul
Leader of the Movement New Forces, Mikheil Saakashvili
Secretary of the NSDC of Ukraine, Oleksandr Turchynov
Head of the Parliament Andriy Parubiy
Minister of Internal Affairs Arsen Avakov
Former Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk
Very favorable Somewhat favorable Somewhat unfavorable
Very unfavorable Have not heard the name Difficult to answer
36. 29%
43%
63%
57%
27% 27% 27%
19% 20% 20% 18% 16% 15% 14% 13%
55%
41%
30% 34%
63%
68% 66%
73% 71% 73% 76% 73% 74% 76% 79%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Sep
14
Jul
15
Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
Favorable Unfavorable
What is your opinion on each of the following Ukrainian politicians
or members of the Ukrainian government?
36
19% 25%
20% 23%
15% 15%
23%
15% 18% 17% 16% 16% 17%21%
33%
62% 62%
68% 70%
63%
77% 75% 71% 74% 75% 75%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Apr
14
Sep
14
Jul
15
Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
Petro Poroshenko Volodymyr Hroisman
Andriy Parubiy
14%
20% 16% 15%
10% 8% 8% 10%
64% 63%
71% 75% 72% 76% 79% 77%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Feb 16 Jun 16 Sep 16 Apr 17 Jun 17 Sep 17 Dec 17 Mar 18
Vitaliy Klychko
54%
48%46% 50%
24%
25% 27%
19%23%
21%
22%
18%
16% 14%
15%37%
42% 47% 45%
63% 63% 60%
66% 65% 68% 65% 69% 71% 73%
68%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
May
13
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Jul
15
Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
37. What is your opinion on each of the following Ukrainian politicians
or members of the Ukrainian government?
37
32% 34%
53% 54%
10%
13% 12% 7% 6% 5% 9% 7% 5% 4% 6%
60% 59%
40% 39%
83% 82% 83%
89%
87%
89%
86% 83% 85% 86% 85%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Sep
14
Jul
15
Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
30% 28%
15% 17% 15% 11% 8% 7% 6% 9%
51% 54%
66% 71% 75% 78% 77% 77% 82%
77%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Apr 14 Sep 14 Jul 15 Sep 15 Sep 16 May 17 Jun 17 Oct 17 Dec 17 Mar 18
Arsen Avakov
Yulia Tymoshenko
32% 31% 33% 34%
22% 25% 25%
20% 23% 23% 22% 22% 20% 19% 21%
58% 61% 58% 59%
68% 68% 68% 72% 68% 69% 71%
67% 69% 70% 68%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
May
13
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Jul
15
Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
47%
33%
8% 12%43%
55%
79% 75%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Apr 14 Sep 14 Dec 17 Mar 18
Favorable Unfavorable
Oleksandr Turchynov
Arseniy Yatsenyuk
38. What is your opinion on each of the following Ukrainian politicians
or members of the Ukrainian government?
38
25% 26%
31%
21% 23% 26% 28%
53% 50% 48%
54% 55% 54%
52%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Jun 16 Sep 16 Apr 17 Jun 17 Sep 17 Dec 17 Mar 18
Favorable Unfavorable
Anatoliy Hrytsenko
43%
34% 34%
26% 22%
18% 14%
13% 11%
12%42%
51% 50%
61% 64%
69% 69% 70%
75% 73%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Sep 15 Nov 15 Feb 16 Jun 16 Sep 16 Apr 17 Jun 17 Sep 17 Dec 17 Mar 18
28% 24% 28% 29%
19% 16% 18% 15% 15% 14% 16% 14% 13% 11% 13%
63% 66% 62% 65% 69%
74% 73% 76% 75% 77% 75% 70% 73% 75% 72%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
May
13
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Jul
15
Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
Mikheil Saakashvili
Oleh Tyahnybok
18% 17% 16% 17%
13% 12% 15% 16%
52%
58% 56% 53% 56% 60% 60% 58%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Nov 15 Jun 16 Sep 16 Apr 17 Jun 17 Sep 17 Dec 17 Mar 18
Valentyn Nalyvaychenko
39. What is your opinion on each of the following Ukrainian politicians
or members of the Ukrainian government?
39
13% 13% 12% 13% 17% 15% 16% 14% 15% 16% 17%
70% 72% 72% 70% 67% 71% 71%
65% 66% 67% 66%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Jul 15 Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
Favorable Unfavorable
Yuriy Boyko
Andriy Sadovyi
20% 19% 17% 16%
61% 58%
64% 67%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
May 17 Oct 17 Dec 17 Mar 18
Vadym Rabinovich
36% 38% 41%
36% 33%
25% 24%
18% 19% 20% 22%
41% 43% 40% 42%
48%
55% 59% 61% 63% 63%
58%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Jul 15 Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
25% 21% 23% 23% 22% 23% 23%
15% 14% 10%
15%
65%
74% 71% 69% 70% 69% 71% 75% 77% 81% 76%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Oleh Lyashko
41. Which three of the following issues are the most important for
Ukraine?
41
41%
40%
27%
25%
23%
20%
15%
12%
11%
11%
10%
10%
8%
6%
5%
4%
2%
2%
2%
3%
2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Military conflict in the Donbas
Corruption within the state bodies
Growth of prices
Tariffs/Contributions for housing and communal services
Unemployment
Healthcare
Government incompetence
Political instability
Hryvnia devaluation
Low industry production
Social protection for the poor
Relations with Russia
Crime
Delay in salary/pension payments
Environment
Russian presence in the Crimea
Rights to land ownership
Lack/possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water
Russian language status
Other
Difficult to answer
42. Which three of the following issues are the most important for
Ukraine?
42
18-35 36-50 51+ West Center South East
Military conflict in the Donbas 41% 42% 41% 42% 41% 38% 46%
Corruption within the state bodies 39% 42% 40% 44% 40% 33% 42%
Growth of prices 29% 25% 27% 33% 26% 25% 23%
Tariffs/Contributions for housing and communal services 23% 24% 28% 19% 22% 32% 34%
Unemployment 27% 26% 19% 26% 20% 23% 27%
Healthcare 15% 19% 23% 17% 22% 19% 21%
Government incompetence 17% 16% 13% 13% 16% 15% 14%
Political instability 13% 15% 11% 12% 13% 13% 12%
Hryvnia devaluation 16% 9% 9% 12% 10% 14% 8%
Low industry production 10% 13% 10% 10% 11% 12% 11%
Social protection for the poor 5% 8% 15% 11% 9% 13% 7%
Relations with Russia 12% 10% 8% 9% 9% 12% 9%
Crime 8% 10% 7% 7% 10% 7% 7%
Delay in salary/pension payments 7% 3% 6% 6% 6% 6% 4%
Environment 9% 5% 3% 6% 6% 4% 6%
Russian presence in the Crimea 4% 4% 5% 5% 6% 2% 3%
Rights to land ownership 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 3% 1%
Lack/possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water 3% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 3%
Russian language status 1% 3% 2% 1% 1% 3% 3%
Other 2% 2% 4% 3% 3% 3% 2%
Difficult to answer 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1%
(Disaggregated by age, region)
43. Which three of the following issues are the most important for you
personally?
43
42%
38%
25%
25%
23%
21%
15%
13%
12%
9%
8%
7%
7%
5%
5%
3%
3%
2%
2%
3%
2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Growth of prices
Tariffs/Contributions for housing and communal services
Military conflict in the Donbas
Corruption within the state bodies
Healthcare
Unemployment
Hryvnia devaluation
Government incompetence
Social protection for the poor
Political instability
Low industry production
Delay in salary/pension payments
Crime
Environment
Relations with Russia
Russian presence in the Crimea
Rights to land ownership
Russian language status
Lack/possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water
Other
Difficult to answer
44. 44
Which three of the following issues are the most important for you
personally?
18-35 36-50 51+ West Center East South
Growth of prices 44% 38% 42% 49% 39% 40% 37%
Tariffs/Contributions for housing and communal services 34% 39% 41% 28% 31% 50% 53%
Military conflict in the Donbas 26% 26% 24% 25% 29% 20% 28%
Corruption within the state bodies 22% 29% 24% 25% 29% 19% 24%
Healthcare 16% 25% 27% 20% 22% 24% 28%
Unemployment 30% 23% 14% 26% 18% 22% 20%
Hryvnia devaluation 20% 15% 11% 14% 12% 20% 11%
Government incompetence 13% 16% 12% 14% 14% 12% 12%
Social protection for the poor 7% 10% 16% 13% 10% 14% 9%
Political instability 11% 9% 9% 9% 10% 8% 11%
Low industry production 8% 8% 8% 9% 6% 10% 7%
Delay in salary/pension payments 8% 6% 8% 9% 7% 6% 7%
Crime 7% 8% 5% 5% 8% 7% 7%
Environment 7% 6% 4% 7% 6% 3% 7%
Relations with Russia 6% 5% 4% 6% 4% 5% 6%
Russian presence in the Crimea 3% 5% 2% 4% 4% 2% 2%
Rights to land ownership 3% 3% 3% 2% 3% 3% 3%
Russian language status 2% 4% 2% 1% 1% 4% 4%
Lack/possibility of cutting off gas, electricity, water 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2%
Other 2% 2% 5% 3% 3% 4% 3%
Difficult to answer 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% -
(Disaggregated by age, region)
46. 46
If Ukraine was able to enter only one international economic
union, which one of the following should it be?
36%
37%
32%
40%
42%
41%
52%
53%
59%
55%
57%
57%
55%
54%
51%
53%
54%
52%
50%
52%
43%
41%
42%
37%
37%
36%
27%
24%
17%
14%
17%
15%
15%
15%
19%
18%
18%
14%
16%
18%
4%
5%
6%
5%
5%
9%
6%
10%
9%
12%
12%
12%
14%
12%
14%
14%
8%
9%
10%
15%
17%
17%
20%
18%
17%
14%
14%
13%
15%
20%
14%
16%
15%
19%
17%
15%
20%
24%
24%
14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
March 2012
May 2012
September 2012
May 2013
September 2013
February 2014
March 2014
April 2014
September 2014
July 2015
September 2015
November 2015
February 2016
June 2016
September 2016
April 2017
June 2017
September 2017
December 2017
March 2018
European Union Customs Union of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan Other Difficult to answer
47. 47
If Ukraine was able to enter only one international economic
union, which one of the following should it be?
(Disaggregated by age, region)
75%
59%
36%
28%
59%
55%
46%
3%
14%
30%
34%
15%
19%
20%
10%
14%
19%
22%
16%
14%
16%
12%
14%
14%
17%
11%
13%
17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
West
Center
South
East
18-35
36-50
51+
European Union Customs Union of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan Other Difficult to answer
RegionAge
48. 48
If Ukraine was able to enter only one international economic
union, which one of the following should it be?
(Disaggregated by political party preference)
82%
78%
76%
76%
64%
63%
58%
24%
20%
42%
44%
5%
4%
11%
5%
14%
19%
13%
46%
52%
19%
14%
11%
8%
12%
10%
5%
18%
15%
15%
21%
18%
5%
7%
4%
7%
13%
13%
11%
15%
12%
18%
24%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Self-Reliance Party
Svoboda
Civic Position
BPP Solidarnist
Fatherland (Batkivshchyna)
Radical Party
Servant of the People
Opposition Bloc
For Life (Za Zhyttia)
Do not vote
Undecided
European Union Customs Union Other Difficult to Answer
8%
49. If a referendum were held today on Ukraine joining NATO,
how would you vote?
49
34%
38%
43%
41%
48%
48%
45%
39%
43%
46%
40%
34%
37%
43%
43%
40%
31%
30%
28%
30%
30%
32%
29%
27%
27%
26%
26%
33%
9%
7%
17%
14%
8%
10%
10%
12%
11%
12%
12%
15%
12%
7%
13%
15%
8%
15%
17%
13%
16%
17%
17%
14%
22%
24%
26%
17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
March 2014
April 2014
September 2014
July 2015
September 2015
November 2015
February 2016
June 2016
September 2016
April 2017
June 2017
September 2017
December 2017
March 2018
Would vote for Ukraine to join NATO Would vote against Ukraine joining NATO Would not vote Difficult to answer
50. (Disaggregated by age, region)
If a referendum were held today on Ukraine joining NATO,
how would you vote?
50
66%
48%
26%
22%
46%
43%
40%
10%
28%
49%
55%
31%
34%
34%
5%
6%
9%
8%
8%
7%
7%
19%
18%
17%
15%
15%
17%
20%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
West
Center
South
East
18-35
36-50
51+
Would vote for Ukraine to join NATO Would vote against Ukraine joining NATO Would not vote Difficult to answer
RegionAge
51. (Disaggregated by political party preference)
If a referendum were held today on Ukraine joining NATO,
how would you vote?
51
80%
74%
69%
63%
52%
50%
42%
12%
11%
31%
35%
5%
10%
11%
19%
25%
23%
28%
63%
73%
41%
31%
5%
4%
6%
6%
10%
12%
5%
8%
10%
7%
4%
11%
17%
12%
17%
17%
18%
19%
9%
18%
26%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Svoboda
Self-Reliance Party
BPP Solidarnist
Civic Position
Fatherland
(Batkivshchyna)
Radical Party
Servant of the
People
Opposition Bloc
For Life (Za
Zhyttia)
Do not vote
Undecided
Would vote for Ukraine to join NATO Would vote against Ukraine joining NATO
Would not vote Difficult to answer
11%
52. 52
How do you evaluate your attitude toward each of the following
countries?
5%
3%
3%
8%
11%
7%
7%
17%
22%
25%
32%
35%
41%
41%
26%
58%
55%
41%
44%
39%
42%
22%
6%
6%
10%
6%
8%
6%
27%
2%
2%
5%
1%
3%
2%
4%
8%
8%
5%
3%
4%
3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Russia
Romania
Hungary
USA
Belarus
European Union
Poland
Very warm Warm Neutral Cold Very cold Difficult to answer
53. 40%41%
38%
46% 48%
44%
51%
49%
50% 47%
45%
49%
54%
50%
47% 47%
10% 8%
16%
22%
11% 9% 12%
9% 8% 7%
13%
8% 7% 6% 6%
10%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
May
13
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Sep
14
Jul 15 Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
Warm Cold
How do you evaluate your attitude toward each of the following
countries?
42% 40% 39%
50%
57% 55% 58% 58% 58%
54% 53%
58% 58% 56%
50% 48%
6% 6% 9%
15%
6% 3% 5% 4% 4% 5% 7% 4% 4% 4% 7% 8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
May
13
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Sep
14
Jul 15 Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
36%
27% 28%
6% 9% 9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Sep 15 Dec 17 Mar 18
30%
23% 26%
7% 9% 8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Sep 15 Dec 17 Mar 18
European Union Poland
Hungary Romania
53
54. How do you evaluate your attitude toward each of the following
countries?
52%
50%
51%
31%
15%
17%17%
16%
18%
16%
18%
18%
19%
18% 18%
22%
12%
15%
19%
45%
66%
51%
61%
59% 58% 58%
56%56%
51%
49% 48%48%
0%
20%
40%
60%
May
13
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Sep
14
Jul 15 Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
Warm Cold
Russia
54
51%
55% 56% 53%
58%
50% 51%
56%
52%
43%
39%
46%
7%
2% 5% 4% 5% 6% 7%
3% 4%
7% 9% 7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Belarus
24%
26% 26%
37%
41%
40% 40% 39%
40%
41%
38%
42%
47% 45%
40% 40%
18% 16%
22% 24%
16%
13%
18%
16% 15% 15%
19%
13% 9% 8% 10%
15%
0%
20%
40%
60%
May
13
Sep
13
Feb
14
Apr
14
Sep
14
Jul 15 Sep
15
Nov
15
Feb
16
Jun
16
Sep
16
Apr
17
Jun
17
Sep
17
Dec
17
Mar
18
USA
55. How do you evaluate your attitude toward each of the following
countries?
18-35 36-50 51+ West Center South East
Poland 50% 48% 47% 59% 48% 45% 36%
European Union 49% 48% 46% 65% 50% 38% 27%
Belarus 37% 46% 53% 28% 43% 59% 63%
USA 43% 36% 40% 57% 45% 27% 22%
Hungary 29% 26% 28% 34% 31% 23% 18%
Romania 26% 25% 25% 28% 29% 22% 18%
Russia 20% 22% 23% 5% 14% 34% 49%
(Respondents who evaluate their attitude toward the following countries as “very warm” and “warm”)
55
56. 56
On a scale from 1 to 5, does Ukraine have more in common with
Western Europe or Russia in the following areas?
5%
6%
8%
9%
10%
8%
9%
18%
18%
17%
24%
25%
27%
24%
24%
26%
25%
15%
21%
20%
20%
20%
13%
18%
21%
17%
14%
18%
10%
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Healthcare, pensions and other social benefits
Employment and standards of living
Development of democracy
Morality and values
Culture and intellectual life
1 - Totally like Western Europe 2 3 4 5 - Totally like Russia Difficult to answer
62. Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good
future in Ukraine?
62
3%
14%
34%
43%
6%
Definitely yes
Somewhat yes
Somewhat no
Definitely no
Difficult to answer
63. 63
(Disaggregated by age, region)
Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good
future in Ukraine?
3%
3%
3%
2%
3%
4%
3%
11%
15%
17%
13%
13%
14%
16%
30%
34%
38%
32%
36%
31%
38%
48%
44%
37%
50%
40%
44%
36%
8%
4%
5%
4%
7%
7%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
51+
36-50
18-35
South
West
Center
East
Definitely yes Somewhat yes Somewhat no Definitely no Difficult to answer
RegionAge
65. In your opinion, are your local authorities doing enough to reform
healthcare institutions?
65
5%
17%
31%
37%
10%
Definitely yes
Somewhat yes
Somewhat no
Definitely no
Difficult to answer
66. 66
In 2018, healthcare reform is launched on the level of family
doctors, child doctors and therapists. Which of these changes do
you consider to be the most important for you personally?
43%
41%
23%
18%
14%
13%
13%
11%
10%
9%
19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Guarantee of free medical aid
Guarantee of high-quality diagnostics and treatment
Treating and diagnostics in accordance to international medical
protocols
Disappearance of queues to medical institutions
Hotline where I can consult on any question related to health
Possibility to obtain any medical documents after consulting
family doctor without examination by all specialists
Politeness and kindness of doctors
Working hours of a medical institution in evenings and on
weekends
Introduction of appointment with a doctor via phone
Clean medical institutions and tidy staff
Difficult to answer
(Up to three answers permitted)
67. 67
18-35 36-50 51+ West Center South East
Guarantee of free medical aid 39% 43% 45% 40% 43% 46% 40%
Guarantee of high-quality diagnostics and
treatment
44% 43% 37% 34% 45% 45% 39%
Treating and diagnostics in accordance to
international medical protocols
24% 25% 22% 22% 26% 23% 19%
Disappearance of queues to medical
institutions
23% 22% 12% 22% 18% 15% 16%
Hotline where I can consult on any question
related to health
15% 16% 13% 17% 13% 13% 15%
Possibility to obtain any medical documents
after consulting family doctor without
examination by all specialists
14% 14% 13% 15% 14% 11% 12%
Politeness and kindness of doctors 14% 13% 11% 17% 11% 12% 11%
Working hours of a medical institution in
evenings and on weekends
13% 14% 8% 9% 14% 9% 14%
Introduction of appointment with a doctor via
phone
11% 11% 9% 9% 12% 7% 12%
Clean medical institutions and tidy staff 15% 7% 7% 10% 8% 10% 11%
Difficult to answer 13% 16% 26% 18% 15% 22% 24%
(Up to three answers permitted)
In 2018, reform of healthcare is launched on the level of family
doctors, child doctors and therapists. Which of these changes do
you consider to be the most important for you personally?
68. Imagine that you or someone in your immediate family was
diagnosed with a serious illness. On that scale of 1-5, how
confident are you that the state healthcare system would provide
quality and compassionate care?
68
52%
20%
17%
4%
2%
5%
1
2
3
4
5
Difficult to answer
* The answer of “1” indicates a belief that the state healthcare system would not provide any care, and the answer of
“5” indicates a belief that the state healthcare system would provide comprehensive quality and compassionate care.
69. 69
(Disaggregated by age, region)
45%
54%
56%
51%
48%
52%
59%
22%
20%
18%
17%
23%
20%
18%
23%
15%
15%
19%
19%
17%
13%
5%
3%
4%
6%
4%
4%
2%
4%
4%
4%
5%
3%
4%
6%
5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
18-35
36-50
51+
South
West
Center
East
1 2 3 4 5 Difficult to answer
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
Imagine that you or someone in your immediate family was
diagnosed with a serious illness. On that scale of 1-5, how
confident are you that the state healthcare system would provide
quality and compassionate care?
* The answer of “1” indicates a belief that the state healthcare system would not provide any care, and the answer of
“5” indicates a belief that the state healthcare system would provide comprehensive quality and compassionate care.
RegionAge
71. 71
Which of these sources of information do you use for obtaining
political information?
79%
41%
37%
30%
22%
19%
17%
9%
6%
4%
2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Ukrainian TV – news, programs
Internet – websites
Internet – social media
Relatives, friends
Articles in Ukrainian newspapers and magazines
Ukrainian radio – news, programs
Colleagues at work
Russian TV – news, programs
Billboards, stands in the streets
Leaflets, other free information by post
Meetings with politicians
Articles in Russian newspapers and magazines
Russian radio – news, programs
Other
None
Difficult to answer
(Multiple answers possible)
72. 72
Which of these sources of information do you use for obtaining
political information?
18-35 36-50 51+ West Center South East
Ukrainian TV – news, programs 65% 75% 91% 86% 75% 78% 75%
Internet – websites 58% 50% 24% 38% 47% 39% 39%
Internet – social media 60% 45% 16% 32% 39% 42% 35%
Relatives, friends 31% 30% 30% 28% 28% 31% 40%
Articles in Ukrainian newspapers and
magazines
13% 19% 31% 32% 21% 18% 16%
Ukrainian radio – news, programs 14% 19% 22% 25% 18% 16% 15%
Colleagues at work 17% 21% 13% 15% 19% 14% 18%
Russian TV – news, programs 7% 10% 11% 4% 8% 13% 14%
Billboards, stands in the streets 7% 6% 5% 4% 7% 5% 8%
Leaflets, other free information by post 4% 4% 3% 3% 4% 3% 5%
Meetings with politicians 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 1% 1%
Articles in Russian newspapers and
magazines
1% 3% 2% - 1% 3% 2%
Russian radio – news, programs 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2%
Other 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2%
None 4% 3% 1% - 2% 5% 2%
Difficult to answer 1% 1% 1% - 1% 1% -
(Multiple answers possible; disaggregated by age, region)
73. 73
In general, do you consider this source of information to be
reliable, neutral or biased?
1%
2%
3%
3%
3%
4%
4%
7%
12%
1%
1%
2%
5%
5%
7%
16%
16%
19%
19%
21%
22%
33%
12%
11%
11%
21%
25%
21%
26%
26%
29%
29%
28%
32%
29%
17%
17%
20%
19%
18%
17%
17%
17%
12%
12%
25%
9%
9%
27%
29%
37%
23%
21%
20%
12%
13%
7%
7%
16%
5%
5%
42%
40%
30%
32%
30%
35%
36%
25%
29%
29%
6%
25%
13%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Articles in Russian newspapers and magazines
Russian radio – news, programs
Russian TV – news, programs
Billboards, stands in the streets
Leaflets, other free information by post
Meetings with politicians
Ukrainian radio – news, programs
Articles in Ukrainian newspapers and magazines
Internet – social media
Internet – websites
Ukrainian TV – news, programs
Colleagues at work
Relatives, friends
Very reliable Rather reliable Neutral Rather biased Very biased Difficult to answer
1%
<1%
1%
<1%
74. 74
18-35 36-50 51+ West Center South East
Relatives, friends 42% 43% 47% 53% 36% 51% 39%
Colleagues at work 29% 34% 25% 37% 26% 31% 18%
Ukrainian TV – news, programs 20% 23% 29% 36% 25% 22% 11%
Internet – websites 30% 30% 15% 29% 25% 20% 15%
Internet – social media 29% 28% 13% 25% 23% 21% 15%
Articles in Ukrainian newspapers and
magazines
17% 17% 22% 32% 16% 16% 8%
Ukrainian radio – news, programs 16% 18% 22% 32% 17% 15% 8%
Meetings with politicians 10% 8% 7% 10% 8% 9% 6%
Leaflets, other free information by post 7% 7% 5% 9% 5% 7% 2%
Billboards, stands in the streets 7% 7% 5% 7% 4% 9% 3%
Russian TV – news, programs 3% 2% 3% 1% 2% 4% 4%
Russian radio – news, programs 3% 1% 2% 1% 2% 3% 1%
Articles in Russian newspapers and
magazines
2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1%
In general, do you consider this source of information to be
reliable, neutral or biased?
(Respondents who consider this source of information to be “very reliable” or “rather reliable”)
75. 75
Fatherland
(Batkivshchyna)
BPPSolidarnist
CivicPosition
ForLife
(ZaZhyttia)
Self-Reliance
Party
OppositionBloc
RadicalParty
Svoboda
Servantofthe
People
Donotvote
Undecided
Relatives, friends 49% 58% 45% 40% 36% 47% 61% 57% 47% 42% 39%
Colleagues at work 35% 37% 37% 21% 30% 25% 34% 30% 36% 27% 23%
Ukrainian TV – news, programs 37% 50% 29% 20% 25% 16% 46% 24% 30% 17% 16%
Internet – websites 23% 35% 22% 21% 29% 16% 27% 39% 40% 18% 18%
Internet – social media 24% 34% 19% 15% 23% 14% 24% 35% 42% 19% 17%
Articles in Ukrainian newspapers and
magazines
36% 33% 20% 13% 29% 13% 34% 23% 19% 13% 11%
Ukrainian radio – news, programs 29% 37% 23% 11% 24% 12% 32% 36% 20% 13% 10%
Meetings with politicians 13% 15% 11% 5% 11% 10% 15% 2% 12% 4% 5%
Leaflets, other free information by post 9% 9% 9% 5% 4% 5% 12% 13% 9% 5% 3%
Billboards, stands in the streets 8% 8% 5% 4% 4% 5% 11% 7% 13% 5% 4%
Russian TV – news, programs 2% 1% 2% 5% - 7% 5% 2% 2% 3% 2%
Russian radio – news, programs 2% 1% - 2% - 4% 5% 2% - 3% 1%
Articles in Russian newspapers and
magazines
1% 2% - 3% - 4% 4% 2% - 2% 1%
In general, do you consider this source of information to be
reliable, neutral or biased?
(Respondents who consider this source of information to be “very reliable” or “rather reliable”)
77. Demographics
45%
55%
31%
27%
42%
<1%
3%
19%
41%
37%
51%
30%
17%
1%
1%
23%
1%
11%
4%
30%
5%
9%
7%
4%
7%
<1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Male
Female
18-35
36-50
51+
Primary/Non-complete secondary
General secondary
Vocational secondary
Non-complete higher/Higher
Difficult to answer
I do not work
Private
State
Public, nongovernmental
Difficult to answer
Worker
Farmer/Peasant
White collar
Higher or medium level executive
Pensioner (not working)
Student
Housewife
Unemployed
Self-employed/Entrepreneur
Other
Difficult to answer
GENDERAGEEDUCATION
SECTOROF
EMPLOYMENTOCCUPATION
77
78. Demographics
49%
27%
24%
<1%
<1%
89%
8%
3%
1%
39%
19%
8%
1%
1%
<1%
<1%
5%
21%
2%
3%
98%
1%
1%
<1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Ukrainian
Russian
Both, Ukrainian and Russian equally
Other
Difficult to answer
Ukrainian
Russian
Other
Difficult to answer
Orthodox UPC KP (Kyiv Patriarchate)
Orthodox UPC MP (Moscow Patriarchate)
Greek Catholic
Catholic
Protestant
Judaism
Muslim
Atheist
I believe in God, but do not belong to any religion
Other
Difficult to answer
None
Member of a political party
Member of an NGO
Difficult to answer
LANGUAGE
SPOKENATHOMENATIONALITYRELIGION
MEMBERSHIP
INPOLITICAL
PARTIES,NGOs
78
79. Demographics
79
22%
32%
31%
10%
3%
1%
2%
0% 20% 40% 60%
We need to save money for food
We have enough money for food, but we need to save or borrow
money for buying clothes and shoes
We have enough money for food and necessary clothing and shoes,
but we need to save or borrow money for other purchases like a
good suit, a mobile phone, or a vacuum cleaner
We have enough money for food, clothing, shoes, and other
purchases, but we need to save or borrow money for purchasing
more expensive things (e.g. appliances)
We have enough money for food, clothes, shoes, and expensive
purchases, but we need to save or borrow money for purchases like
a car or an apartment
I can buy anything at any time
Difficult to answer
FINANCIALSITUATIONOFTHEFAMILY