Philosophical Anthropology

Philosophical Anthropology
Philosophical Anthropology
ABSTRACT: Philosophers cannot avoid addressing the question of whether philosophical anthropology (that is, specifically philosophical inquiry
about human nature and human phenomenon) is possible. Any answer must be articulated in the context of the nature and function of philosophy. In
other words, philosophical anthropology must be defined as an account of the nature of the subject of philosophical thinking. I argue that if
philosophical thinkers admit that they are beings in nature, culture, and history, then the possibility of a uniquely philosophical theory of human nature
and human phenomenon should be discarded. Rather, philosophy's catalytic and integrative role in human cognition should be stressed....show more
content...
While philosophers may claim to have a unique aim and method in their investigation of human experience, it by no means is a topic unique to
philosophy. There is a practical reason for the anthropological interest on the part of philosophers as well. The field of human experiences upon which
philosophers reflect includes the pursuit of values and awareness of norms of behavior. Not only are the nature and sources of values and norms
engaging objects of understanding in themselves but their critical assessment must be felt existentially pressing because humans cannot but pursue
some values and follow some norms and they have interest in being assured that the values they pursue and the norms they follow are worthy of pursuit
and conformance respectively. Even if the sources of values and norms may come to be thought to transcend human nature, as in theological ethics,
such determination cannot be made without an examination of human nature as their possible source. But what aspects of human life are relevant here
and how they are to be investigated remains an open question. It will be dogmatic to deny that the relevant aspects include some that are fit for
empirical inquiry.
In light of the fact that common sense, natural and social sciences, history, and religion all have their say about human nature and human phenomena,
the following question becomes pressing: Is philosophical anthropology, specifically philosophical inquiry about humans, possible,
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What is philosophy? Why study it? What purpose does it have? How does it influence our lives? According to Google, "philosophy is the study of the
fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline." But how does it influence us? Why
should we study it? What purpose will it serve – if we do?
Before we can understand the purposes that philosophy will serve. We must first understand why we must study it and how it will influence us. We
study philosophy so not to be taken in by demagoguery. We study philosophy to train our minds to never fall victim to limiting our minds to this
phantasmagoria–paradigm that we call reality. We live in a world of let me see if I can change your mind. Philosophy teaches us self–discipline in
forming our views and opinions, while identifying the areas we are weak in. "Philosophy is also important in getting us to defend our own positions,
to take other people's positions seriously, but still be able to self–correct, to be tolerant, and to be good citizens" (Reese, 2014). Philosophy will
influence us from the day we are born until the day we die.
From our first moments on earth to our last moments on earth we are constantly being influenced by someone else's philosophies. Our parents are our
first demagogue – they gain popularity in our eyes by playing on our emotions and passions as kids. In most cultures they use fictional characters such
as Santa Clause, The Ester Bunny, and The tooth

Metaphysics Essay
Metaphysics
Metaphysics can be defined as an attempt to comprehend the basic characteristics of reality. It is in fact so basic that it is all inclusive, whether
something is observable or not. It answers questions of what things must be like in order to exist and how to differentiate from things that seem real
but are not. A common thought is that reality is defined as what we can detect from our five senses. This type of philosophy is called empiricism,
which is the idea that all knowledge comes from our senses. An empiricist must therefore believe that what we can see, touch, taste, smell, and hear
must be real and that if we can not in fact see, touch, taste, smell, or hear something, it is definitely not real. However, this is a...show more content...
Other people do not believe in it. Another important aspect of metaphysics is that reality is separate from our minds. We can not affect or change
things just by thinking about them. However, some metaphysicians believe that our feelings are more real than what we can sense because our feelings
are first–hand and come from our body. They must in fact be real because we are more aware of them. Metaphysics basically describes what people
do everyday in their lives. People have a constant need to differentiate between what's real and what's not. In our everyday life, we are faced with
appearances and materialistic things. Metaphysics can even relate to beauty. What's beautiful to one person may be repulsive to another and vice
versa. Beauty is something that we can see, but it's not a physical object that can be sensed. Does this mean that it is not real? Empirically, yes. As
people get older, they can better distinguish between real and not real. As stated in the textbook, a person must balance reality and their dreams,
goals, etc, because both things are important. Fantasy, such as our dreams and goals, are part of being human and for some people, it is a purpose
of life. If we only lived in "reality," there would be nothing to strive for because everyone would live based on what we know from our five senses. As
long as people can keep a balance between the two, they can live a "normal" life in which they know what's real, but they can

The Philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche Essay
Philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Nietzsche was a 19th–century German philosopher and held in regard amongst the greatest philosophers
of the early part century. He sharpened his philosophical skills through reading the works of the earlier philosophers of the 18th century such as
Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, Arthur Schopenhauer and African Spir; however, their works and beliefs were opposite to his own. His primary
mentor was Author Schopenhauer, whose belief was that reality was built on the foundation of experience. Such as it is, one of his essays,
Schopenhauer als Erzieher, published in 1874, was dedicated to Schopenhauer (Mencken, 2008). In the past two centuries, his work has had authority
and influence in both...show more content...
The fact that he gave up and refused to fight back gives room for more findings. He disagrees with the Christian community for making Jesus a
martyr and sees that in so doing, they had made the Christ teachings vague. Nietzsche wrote his works in the process of rebuilding the damage caused
by Christians during the ancient days. His inclination was to show the true way in which God wanted human beings to live as opposed to what
Christians were doing. Another philosophy of Nietzsche was related to the notion of ressentiment. Defined, ressentiment is any cautious, defeatist, or
cynical attitude based on the belief that the individual and human institutions exist in a hostile or indifferent universe or society and an oppressive
awareness of the futility of trying to improve one's status in life or in society (dictionary.com). In the work, On the Genealogy of Morals, ressentiment
is illustrated in the way the Jewish clerics act in response to the authority of the Romans. Nietzsche states, "the Jews, that priestly people, who in
opposing their enemies and conquerors were ultimately satisfied with nothing less than a radical revaluation of their enemies' values, that is to say, an
act of the most spiritual revenge. For this alone was appropriate to a priestly people, the people embodying the most deeply repressed priestly
vengefulness." The feeling of ressentiment is subconscious and communicates Nietzsche's analysis of

What is philosophy and why should anyone study it?
We are all doomed without philosophy! Why you may ask. Well the reason why is because philosophy is all around us, but many people fail to notice
it. According to the Oxford Dictionaries philosophy is, "The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when
considered as an academic discipline" (Philosophy). So, in other terms, philosophy is the way we think about various topics. Philosophy is full of
thinking and questioning everything around us, so when we stop thinking and questioning our surroundings, we are doomed.
While reading Alistair Sinclair What is Philosophy, I learned that philosophy in Greek stands for 'love of wisdom.' In other terms,...show more content...
These three branches help us grasp the concept of philosophy because they all help us understand the bigger picture of philosophy.While there are
many reasons to study philosophy, the main reasons that we should study philosophy is so that we can advance our own knowledge, and because
philosophy is a part of every one of us. We are naturally curious about our surroundings, and want to understand the true meaning of it. Alistair
Sinclair said, "As individuals, we want to be wise than just plain ignorant" (1). We all want to be philosophers because we do not want to be the odd
person who is oblivious to our surroundings.
Philosophy can advance both our academic and social knowledge. People who study philosophy have a better understanding that their one view is not
always right. Philosophers can take their personal beliefs and compare with others, and being able to find a happy medium between multiple beliefs.
As Alistair Sinclair stated, philosophers are open minded and prepared to change their view points (8). Meaning, they are ready to reconsider their
view points, if valid points are given.
Philosophy is important in both our social and academic life because, we need to know when to accept defeat and when to collaborate with others to
result in the best possible conclusion. It is rare

My Personal Philosophy Of Life
Personal philosophy is something that plays a tremendous role in the life of every individual. Everyone have a different point of view about life, we
cannot expect everyone to have the same philosophy of life. Philosophy of life will be different between each person. Two people will never have the
same philosophy of life. Individuals might share some similarities between their philosophy of life but two people will never have the exactly same.
I have a strong belief that people develop and shape their own personal philosophy during their whole life. Sometimes we might attempt to think that
we already know our philosophy of life but there are some circumstances that can totally change our view. I also believe that our age plays a
tremendous role in our philosophy of life. We cannot expect a twelve–year–old to have the same view of life as a forty years old. In terms of my own
philosophy I cannot truly say that I completely know my entire personal philosophy of life but I know that now at this moment I am the one in charge
of my own philosophy about life. Even though I am 23 years old I still don't have my life completely figured about. I know what I want to do and what
are the goals that I would like to achieve but in terms of my own philosophy about life I believe that God is in charge; and that our story about life
was already written even before we were born. I can wake up with many different types of ideas or things I would like to achieve but I know that God
has the

Socrates and his Philosophy Essay
Socrates and his Philosophy
Socrates makes a profound impact in our minds through his wisdom, power of critical thinking, moral strength and intelligence. It is Plato who
immortalizes Socrates in the popular imagination as a man of profound knowledge. Socrates' effectiveness as a philosopher depended as much on the
strength and interest of his personality as on the power of his mind. Socrates' philosophy was based on discovering the truth, understanding moral life
and talking about the elements that make up a good life. According to my judgment, one of the most important things about Socrates' quest was, indeed,
the unceasing habit and practice of being critical and thoughtful– of not being truly blind to one's...show more content...
On one extreme, there are views according to which only certain definite kinds of lives or in the most extreme versions only a single kind of life is
best. On the other extreme, there are views according to which there is no objective answer at all as to what sort of life is good, so that the only
relevant consideration is the person's own judgment. If people think that they are living good or satisfactory lives, then they are, and there is nothing
more to be said. Between those two extremes life varies from person to person and perhaps other dimensions as well. There are some objective
conditions or requirements that must be satisfied for a life to be good. One may think that the good life is one that contains lots of pleasurable
experience and few if any painful ones.
Happiness seems to be the standard for measuring the good life to them. But Socrates believed that, happiness cannot be the standard for the good
life; the good life has to be gained through avoiding bodily pleasure, because body always misguides us from gaining the real truth about our lives.
So, the definition of the good life completely depends on the people's own ideas, judgments and beliefs. Socrates showed us in his very own way how
wisdom interrelated with one's life and afterlife as well. Pursuit of wisdom should be given most priority because wisdom makes people
aware

The Philosophical Roots Of Psychology Essay
Modern psychology has a diversity of topics, from cognitive psychology, behavioral psychology, evolutionary psychology, and more. However, a
person needs to know the history of psychology before he or she can grasp the different concepts of psychology. However, the roots of psychology are
grounded in philosophy, with psychology 's beginning coming from philosophers as Socrates, Plato, and Rene Descartes, and began with questions
about human nature. The Philosophical Roots The beginnings of psychology come from different philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato. In all
actuality, Socrates himself never wrote anything; however, Plato put it in writing. Socrates did not put anything into writing because he believed that
writing was an interactional process for knowledge. Socrates claimed that he knew nothing and in believed in a person cross–examining him or herself,
which became known as elenchus. According to Hooker (1996), "The Socratic elenchus eventually gave rise to dialectic, the idea that truth needs to be
pursued by modifying one 's position through questioning and conflict with opposing ideas" (Socrates, para. 5). However, the philosophical era
progressed with Plato, Descartes, and Spinoza. These distinguished philosophers lived during a time when the human soul was actively discussed
among philosophers. These great philosophers believed that the human soul and many of the early philosophers believed that the mind and body were
separate and the mind or soul would

A Philosophical Point Of View Essay
Ethics in a philosophical point of view allows humans to fully understand the importance of morality in a society. Throughout history, numerous
philosophers have had their own sense of morality. For instance, Thomas Hobbs considered morality as simply as a social contract between cultures
through the establishment of laws, however others like Immanuel Kant saw it as an internal duty that all humans unconsciously share and owe each
other. Most people must side with one spectrum of a topic than the other to determine an action is moral. Topics such asabortion, war, marriage etc...
have infiltrated modern liberal's conversations. I will write this paper about abortion and, to support my opinion, I will first compare the arguments
previously made by four well known philosophers: Mary Ann Warren, Patrick Lee, Robert P. George, and Judith Jarvis Thomson. After partaking on
whichever side, I will then apply a specific ethical theory that will help explain what influenced my decision, then cover any possible objections and
finish with any current improvements being made to appease the tension from the topic. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy.
For such a heartfelt topic, it needs has been a practice since the ancient times They always contradict with the people that consider themselves
traditional.
Abortion as most people know, can be a difficult topic to speak of. It contains the preservation of human life against the choice of protecting one's body
and

Before taking this class, I thought that philosophy was strictly the study of space and abstract ideas that I never really gave any attention to. Now at
the end of the semester I can say that not only have I realized how wrong my original opinion of philosophy was, but I also learned that the more
philosophy I can study, the better I will be able to make decisions in my life. Philosophy can be broken down into three branches: Axiology,
Epistemology, and Metaphysics. These branches each have their own questions and perspectives. We learned about two different types of philosophy,
Perennialism and Essentialism, and I like to think of myself as being a mixture of these two. Although these two types of philosophy are clearly
different from each other, I will explain how I find myself relating to them both.
The three main branches of philosophy are Axiology, Epistemology, and Metaphysics. The first branch, Axiology, is the philosophical study of
human values and how values differ from facts; It can also be broken down into two separate parts, ethics and aesthetics. Ethics, derived from the
greek word "ethos" which means character, studies the right and wrong sides of human action. It asks, "What is good?" and "Who determines what is
good?" Aesthetics studies how we evaluate beauty and harmony in nature and in human life. As humans we are always searching for the correct way
to live, searching for these answers will lead to axiological questions. The next branch is Epistemology,

The Philosophical Method Of Philosophy
What is Philosophy
Philosophy according to its literal translation is the devotion to wisdom. But exactly what kind of wisdom does Philosophy entail? This question is
answered by the subject matter of Philosophy (metaphysics, epistemology, value theory). The societal impact of acculturation has presented a problem
to philosophical thinking. However, the philosophical method has also allowed for an abstract thinking outside that of which we typically inherit
through tradition. In a way everyone uses philosophy on a regular basis since philosophy is a way of thinking about certain points of view or questions
and constructing solid arguments based of logic that make the most sense to the thinker.
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of reality. Meaning that this study contains the big question of who are we? Or does
god exist? These questions require an in depth answer if any can be given. However, philosophy tries to answer these questions using various
approaches. For example, throughout the quarter questions about the existence of god were brought up and discussed. Even though there is no
straight forward answer to whether god or a being similar to the idea we have of god exists a more in depth question surged that did not ask whether
god existed but if it was possible for a being that is all powerful to exist. In the discussions we questioned the idea of an all–powerful, loving, and
knowing being existing in a world full of violence and

My Philosophical Methodology Of Learning
My philosophical methodology of learning is mixedand I would not have it any other way. Each individual student does not learn in the same way so
why should I teach every lesson in the same way or style. Finding the correct balance between direct instruction and a constructivist approach can help
reach a wider range of students and learning styles. Combining a strong traditionalist perspective with a touch of progressive and humanistic
instruction will help to expand the influence made on our youth today. Introduction Teaching is my calling. It is what I was blessed and sculpted to
become. We have different gifts, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance...show more
content...
(Titus 2:7–8, NIV) Worldview & Philosophy of Life Our existence is to reflect the nature and character of God in our lives. Humans were created to
reflect God's character and to glorify His name. Our purpose for living must take into account our calling in life; we are able to do what God called
us to do. We must use the gifts God has given us to do His work, worship Him, and partake in fellowship with God. 'Love the Lord your God with all
your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind'. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: 'Love your neighbor as
yourself.' (Matthew 22:37–39, NIV) I came to the understanding at a very young age that God intended for me to teach our youth. I was not raised
with a strong religious background but rather with a strong spiritual one. My faith and relationship with God has guided my decisions my entire
life. As others pushed me to use my intelligence to gain prestige and attend a prominent university, I chose to follow the path that I believe God
had created for me. In doing so, not only have I honored God and his intentions for my life, but I have been blessed with true happiness. But by the
grace of God I am what I am, and his grace toward me was not in vain. On the contrary, I worked harder than any of them, though it was not I, but the
grace of God that is with me. (1 Corinthians 15:10, ESV) Philosophy of Schools & Learning As I learned in my Advanced

Similarities Between Descartes And Confucianism
What is philosophy? Philosophy could be defined in many ways, but I believe that the Oxford dictionary defines it best: "The study of the theoretical
basis of a particular branch of knowledge or experience or a theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behaviour". That definition basically
encapsulates the entirety of what we have discussed during the time that we have been in this course. It covers the basic ideals of both eastern and
western philosophy quite eloquently over the span of just one sentence. However, philosophy is a word that cannot be defined in simply one
sentence. Nor is it a word that can be defined broadly to apply to a wide range of people. When it comes to philosophy, everyone has their own ways
of studying and practicing, whether they understand and acknowledge that or not. While it may seem rudimentary to state something so simple and
synonymous with the phrase "everyone is different", I have found that in something such as philosophy the smallest of differences can produce the
largest of results. This was a profound truth that became very evident to me while we studied the literary works of many different philosophers. While
there are similarities between the approaches of Descartes and Confucianism to philosophy, there are also many key differences in culture, politics and
language that set the two apart from one another. The first way in which the philosophical approaches of Descartes and Confucianism differ is in their
cultural

The Theory And Educational Philosophy Essay
My whole childhood I always dreamed about being a teacher. During school breaks, weekends, and summers, I would set up a "classroom" in my
basement and my friends and I would play school. I would be the teacher most of the time. It takes a very special person to be a teacher, not everyone
is teacher material. You have to be very patient, kind, and caring of all students you work with and encounter through your day and year. Throughout
education there are six main philosophies to take into consideration, and they are as followed. From a teacher centered classroom approach they
include Essentialism, Behaviorism, and lastly Positivism. In a student centered classroom approach they are Progressivism, Humanism, and
Constructivism. What do these terms mean? Essentialism is and educational philosophy that there is a common core of information and skills that an
educated person must have. Behaviorism is a psychological theory and educational philosophy that asserts that behaviors represent the essence of a
person and that all behaviors can be explained. A person acts the way they do for a reason. Finally positivism is a social theory and educational
philosophy that limits truth and knowledge to what is observed and measured. These are all important for a teacher to take into consideration.
Progressivism is an educational philosophy that emphasizes that ideas should be tested by experiments and that learning is better developed in
questions developed by the learner. Humanism is an

Personal Teaching Philosophy Essay
My own personal journey through my education and reflection as a student studying, teaching, and learning has shaped by beliefs in the way I learn
and the way I want to teach. My personal teaching philosophy consists of several teaching philosophies. It is a mix of progressivism and
existentialism. I believe in progressivism, I believe the concept that students should be provided with learning experiences that are dynamic and teach
using hands–on approach. I think when a student is learning about a subject that interests them and is relevant to them, learning is improved. Lessons
should boost curiosity and be thought provoking. Although, funding in some school makes this difficult due to lack of materials, teachers should
attempt to improvise...show more content...
Each student has their own unique needs and distinctive styles of learning, and progressive education allows both the teacher and student to work
together and form a learning experience. In a progressivism classroom, students are thoroughly learning not only about the curriculum but also about
each other. Students collaborate with each other and learn to be accepting of each other and be more accepting of differences. Another teaching
philosophy that I believe in is existentialism. Existential philosophy emphasizes a student's creative choice and provides them with individual freedom.
The students are then required to ask their own questions, conduct their own experiences, which in turn helps them draw their own conclusions.
Although we can provide various opportunities for students, in the end it all comes down to the student's own choice. I know from my personal
experience this was true for me. Although, I was afforded many great opportunities, in the end many times, I chose not to take them. These choices can
end up defining the students and as teachers we can only guide them, in the end, the choice is theirs. The management and organization of a classroom
are also imperative to the learning process. A teacher's own belief system may influence the way the view their

What Is Philosophy Essay
What is Philosophy?
The idea of philosophy have been for generation mistaught and mistrued to the world. While some argued that philosophy rejects the existence of the
infinity of God, others asserts that the focus of philosophy is on elemental matters that are real. However, these school of thoughts may be right in their
various capacity but philosophy goes beyond that. Philosophy is in reality not just a theory but philosophy is the act of discovering the fundamental
nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. In other words, philosophy drive us to reason critically and discover what truth really is (Pecorino, 2000).
What does it offer us?
There are several things philosophy offers us. First, philosophy offers us wisdom to discover the truth regarding the existence of reality and the falacy
of relying on our senses. This is because what our senses suggest to us are far from being the truth, therefore philosophy offers us a more appropriate
approach to trust in our 'reason'. Furthermore, philosophy offer us the ability to wonder and question things from a perspective that even when we see
elemental matters with our...show more content...
In my workplace, would, in most cases ask my subordinates questions in order to understand some fundamental aspect of their assignments. For
instance, if a subordinate resume late without any tangible excuse, I ask question like 'if everyone resume late to work, can this business survive?'
Questions prompt self–realizations and make people discovered that what they are doing is wrong. Questions similarly points people to the right
direction of what they should do. Additionally, at home, I ask series of critical questions in order to enlighten the children and show them where they
have made some mistakes and how to rectify it. The Socratic method has essentially become a way in which I conduct my everyday

Philosophy of Ethics Essay
The word "ethics" comes from Greek ethikas meaning character. Today, we use ethics to describe the normative standard of behavior. The history of
philosophical ethics has been broken up into five rational methods: Virtue, Traditional, Modern, and Post–Modern Ethics. Within these periods, the
philosophy of ethics changed along with the changes being made within society. The first rational method isVirtue Ethics. The major philosophers
during this period were materialists such as Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, and Plutarch. Greek were concerned with finding eudaimonia meaning the good
life, but what is the good life? Known as the greatest Western philosopher, Plato developed the Cardinal Virtues: Justice, Courage, Moderation, and
...show more content...
One of the last major philosophers of Virtue Ethics was Plutarch who advocated virtue but disagreed with Epicurus because he believed there was no
true pleasure. At this same time, between 400 B.C.– 40 B.C. Stoic philosophers such Cicero, who combined the philosophies of Aristotle and Plato,
developed his idea on ethics and how everyone has a duty and should imitate virtue for others. He said duty has two points which are to achieve the
Supreme Good, and follow the rules for daily living. Cicero was a strong believer in rationality incorporated Plato's Cardinal Virtues into his three
rules of conduct: master desires through reason, know true value of goals and be moderate in actions and lifestyle. Following Virtue Ethics, a major
shift occurred in thinking. The philosophers of Virtue Ethics were materialists and believed we only have what we have and after death, we have
nothing. Traditional Ethics shifted the focus on religion once it began to spread. Also known as Biblical Ethics, philosophers started a systematic study
of Biblical themes and principles surrounding ethics and morality. St. Augustine was trained as a philosopher and combines his understanding of the
Bible to ethics by answering the same question as Plato and Aristotle did, "What is the highest good?" He answered this question with happiness just
like Aristotle but since Aristotle

Essay On Greek Philosophy
What is philosophy? Today when the word "philosophy" is spoken, it provokes thought in most people. Philosophy is often associated with the wisest
ones from the past such as Aristotle and Plato. In fact, the word itself originates from the Greek word "philosophia," directly translating into the "love
of wisdom." Ancient Greek philosophy covered an extensive amount of subjects such as science, the analysis of common political and social life, along
with religious affairs (Adkins and Adkins, "Philosophy, Ancient Greek") . Ultimately, Ancient Greek philosophy is a complex system of thought shaped
by pre–socratic thought, sophist thought, hellenistic thought, and the thought of highly esteemed figures.
The origin of Greek philosophy traces back to the middle of the fifth century BCE. The philosophical thoughts that originated in Ionia, during the sixth
century BCE are considered to be pre–socratic because they reflect the common philosophy before Socrates. During this time, the Ionians were ones to
trade with those located nearby to the west and east such as Mesopotamia and Persia. The active trading...show more content...
The Persian Wars led to many cultural evolutions within inancient Greece, specifically, Athens. Within these evolutions, ancient Greek philosophy
progressed significantly due to the sheer "arrogance" of ancient Greece (Sacks, "Persian Wars"). Hellenistic age deemed what thought was effective and
what thought was not. So, philosophers had to adapt their thought to suit the time period. For example, the hellenistic age turned philosophers such as
Epicurus and Zeno toward conveying their philosophical thoughts through religion, specifically, Christianity (Sacks, "Hellenistic Age"). Modifications
like the one above, do in fact leave an impression on one's philosophy, showing that hellenistic thought impacted ancient Greek philosophy as a

What is Philosophy? Essay
The subject of Philosophy and its subcategories have been widely discussed in both the Western and non–Western world albeit with different focuses.
Philosophy includes many different subfields involving investigation into our existence. These subfields include epistemology, ethics, logic,
metaphysics, philosophy of science, social and political philosophy, and Metaphilosophy. Epistemology focuses on the study of Knowledge, also
known as "Theory of Knowledge". Ethics involves the study of moral values and rules, Logic; the study of reasoning. Metaphysics is the study of
being and knowing also known as the principles of reality. The Philosophy of Science analyzes the nature and results of scientific inquiry. Social and
Political Philosophy...show more content...
These methods of thinking include Critical, Rational, Systematic, Reflective, and normative thinking. Each of which helps find a conclusion or truth.
The method of critical thinking explores what it means to be critical and how we think critically. Critical thinking can be defined as an approach to
ideas from the standpoint of deliberate consideration. Philosophy differs from Religion in that this critical thinking is a primary characteristic used in
Western Philosophy. Religion is a belief and way of life while philosophy is the knowledge or understanding of life. In Greek Philo means love of and
Sophy, wisdom. Hence philosophy is most directly the love of wisdom. Non–western Philosophy incorporates both science and religon to answer
questions. Furthermore, all Sciences are subsets of philosophy. Philosophy represents the mind, a process of thinking and religion, a process of faith.
Philosophy is Dogma while Religion is a code of conduct revealed upon mankind through revelation. Furthermore religion depends upon a superior
being or unknown force (think god). Because of this, when a philosophy is codified into rituals and faith, it becomes a religion. Religion tends to back
away from rational discourse, as opposed to Philosophy, which is all about rational discourse and critical thinking.
Similar to critical thinking, the method of rational thinking interprets how we think rationally. Logic plays a specialized role in rational thinking.
Rational thinking

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