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Combined Raman & Autofluorescence for Skin Cancer Diagnosis
- 1. Saratov Fall Meeting Symposium: Optics & Biophotonics 2014 - Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling XV - Combined Raman spectroscopy & autofluorescence method for tumors research Dmitry Artemyeva, Valery Zakharova, Ivan Bratchenkoa, Oleg Myakinina, Sergey Kozlovb, Alexandr Moryatovb. a - Samara State Aerospace University, b - Samara State Medical University 25 September 2014 Saratov, Russia © Laser and Biotechnical Systems Dept. of SSAU, 2014
- 2. Skin cancer mortality (US, 2007) * New cases of skin cancer (US, 2007) * Melanoma 96% 4% 80% 20% Nonmelanoma skin cancers Motivation * - http://www.proteksol.com/index.php/en/skin-cancers.html
- 3. 20% Motivation Evolution of melanoma incidence rates per 100,000 population, by Sex, Russia, 2000-2010 * * - Chissov, V. I., et. al. “Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2010 (morbidity and mortality),” Ministry of Health, P. 260 (2013).
- 4. 20% Motivation The diagnostic accuracy of malignant melanoma*: 80% - dermatologist with >10 years experience; 62% - registrar with 3-5 years experience; 56% - registrar with 1-2 years experience. Solution – using of instrumental methods Raman spectroscopy Autofluorescence spectroscopy Raman + AF spectroscopy Optical coherence tomography Backscattering spectroscopy fast scanning of large areas, high accuracy (>85%) * - Morton C. A., Mackie R. M. “Clinical accuracy of the diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma,” Br J Dermatol., 138(2), 283-287, (1998).
- 6. a b 20% Data processing a – raw data; b – averaging; c – autofluorescence separating. c
- 7. a b 20% AF analysis AF spectra: a - typical spectra of malignant melanoma (MM), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), nevus, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and normal skin; b - typical spectra of malignant melanoma and normal skin built with confidence intervals in the 790-920 nm range. Sratio=Stumor/Sskin sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 93% for melanoma diagnosis (Sratio = 1.2). 50 in vivo skin samples.
- 8. a b 20% AF analysis Illustration of autofluorescence study of malignant melanoma. a – AF tumor imaging, b – AF map of melanoma in normal skin.
- 9. 20% Raman spectra of skin I1320 I1660 Typical normalized Raman spectra in the 1200-1800 cm-1 range of skin samples.
- 10. 20% Raman data discrimination PCA discrimination of skin tumors. sensitivity – 66.7% specificity – 100%
- 11. I1660 I1660 a b 20% Raman data discrimination a b I1320 I1320 LDA (a) and QDA (b) discrimination (melanoma vs. other skin tumors) LDA: Sensitivity – 66.7% and Specificity – 88.6% QDA: Sensitivity – 77.8% and Specificity – 88.6%
- 12. 20% Two-step RS method x: I1320 / I1450 I1660 ΔI1450 x: |I1320 (m) – I1320 I1320 ΔI1320 Skin tumors in vivo classification by two-step Raman spectroscopy method; (a) – first step of RS method, (b) – second step of RS method. Two-step RS method with QDA for melanoma diagnosis: sensitivity – 89% and specificity – 88% (h)| / (I1320 (m) + I1320 (h))
- 13. Results Superior diagnostic efficiency of combined method achieved by implementation of the proposed RS phase method, allows to identify malignant melanoma with accuracy at least dermatologist with >10 years experience (88%). 1 2 3 AF and RS analysis of skin tissue increase the information content of pathology diagnostics; The combined method helps to scan large tissue areas using AF analysis with subsequent RS examination of suspicious points;
- 14. Dmitry Artemyev Researcher of Photonics Laboratory 443086 Russia, Samara, Lukacheva str., 39b, office 314 Email: artemyevdn@gmail.com Phone: + 7(846) 267-45-50
Editor's Notes
- Saratov – 4th place in provolzh’e Diagnostic accuracy for melanoma was determined in a dedicated pigmented lesion clinic. We assessed the impact of duration of experience in dermatology and also the relationship between tumour thickness and accuracy of clinical diagnosis. We reviewed the histopathology request forms and reports for all biopsies generated by the Pigmented Lesion Clinic, Western Infirmary, Glasgow during 1992-94 inclusive. The clinic is staffed by two consultants, one senior registrar and one registrar. Diagnostic accuracy, index of suspicion, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were calculated for the clinic overall, and for each grade of staff. One hundred and sixty-three lesions were diagnosed clinically as melanoma. A histopathological diagnosis of melanoma was made for 128 lesions during this period, 113 of which had been correctly diagnosed before surgery. The diagnostic accuracy for two dermatologists each with > 10 years experience in dermatology was 80%, with sensitivity of 91% and positive predictive value of 86%. Diagnostic accuracy rates for two senior registrars (each with 3-5 years experience) and six registrars (each with 1-2 years experience) were 62% and 56%, respectively. Thin and intermediate thickness melanomas generated the greatest inaccuracy irrespective of clinical experience, although registrars failed to recognize melanoma three times more often than the other groups. We report the diagnostic accuracy for melanoma by trained dermatologists to be higher than previously reported. In comparison with trainees, > 10 years experience in dermatology and exposure to more than 10 melanomas per year appears to be associated with greater diagnostic accuracy. Knowledge of the current clinical diagnostic accuracy at varying levels of experience is essential if the impact of training is to be evaluated. As pigmented lesions of virtually all types can be treated within dermatology departments, dermatologists are the appropriate first point of referral for suspected early melanoma.