Optical properties of human skin as nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnostics

Optical properties of human skin as a criterion for nonmelanoma skin cancer detection Vadim Tyuryaev, M.S. and Dr. Clyde Martin Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Simulation Biological tissue samples were obtained from surgeries. An integrated sphere spectrophotometer was used in order to measure diffusive reflectance and total transmittance (Salomatina, E., Jiang, B., Novak, J & Yaroslavsky, A., 2006). Inverse Monte Carlo simulation technique was used for calculation of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients from observed quantities (Salomatina, E., Jiang, B., Novak, J & Yaroslavsky, A., 2006). At least five samples of each tissue type were measured (Salomatina, E., Jiang, B., Novak, J & Yaroslavsky, A., 2006). SAS software has been used to research the change of optical properties for healthy skin and nonmelanoma skin cancer in the therapeutic window spectral range 600-1200 nm, which is characterized by the deep penetration of light. Peltarion Synapse software has been used to research possibility of application of artificial neural networks in order to resolve healthy/cancerous skin classification problem. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background Cancer that forms in the tissues of the skin is called skin cancer. There are several types of skin cancer. Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes is called melanoma. Skin cancer that forms in basal cells is called basal cell carcinoma and skin cancer that forms in squamous cells is called squamous cell carcinoma. The estimated number of new cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States in 2009 is approximately one million. Successful implementation of non-invasive methods of diagnostics in dentistry , otolaryngology, diagnostic of arthritis and diagnostic of arterial blood volume and in many other medical applications (Cysewska, A.R.& Wiczynski, G., 2006) has proved the validity of use of the optical properties of light as a criterion for supplementary medical diagnostics. Early detection of any type of skin cancer is a priority orientation for any skin cancer diagnostics and prevention program. “Strong evidence exists that early detection and treatment improve disease outcomes, particularly disease-specific survival (“Cancer genetics overview”, 2009). Research shows that absorption and scattering are determined by different components for healthy skin and cancerous skin. Absorption of the epidermis, dermis and fat in the near-infrared spectrum is defined by the water and lipid content (Salomatina, E., Jiang, B, Novak, J., Yaroslavky, A., 2006). Absorptive properties of nodular basal cell carcinoma (NBCC) , infiltrative basal cell carcinoma (IBCC) , and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are determined by the chromosphere called melanin, whose depositions usually occur in the nonmelenoma tumors (Salomatina, E., Jiang, B, Novak, J., Yaroslavky, A., 2006). Scattering coefficients for both healthy skin and cancerous skin decrease with increasing wavelength ( Salomatina, E., Jiang, B, Novak, J., Yaroslavky, A., 2006). Thus, optical properties of human skin have a potential to disclose information on the type of skin and type of cancer. Conclusion and future research Results of ANOVA and REGWQ indicate that absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient provide the base for the purpose of classification between healthy skin and cancerous skin. However, future research is needed. Significant tissue_wavelength interaction for the scattering coefficient indicates that data set containing replications for each tissue - wavelength pair should be collected. Probability of correct classification 70% for the MLP indicates that collecting of information on gender, color of skin, age and race of individuals, whose skin samples are used, should be performed. References: Cysewska, A.R.& Wiczynski, G. (2006). Examples of transillumination techniques used in medical measurements and imaging. Robot motion and control: recent developments ( Lecture notes in control and information sciences), 335 , p.351-364. Cancer genetics overview. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/genetics/overview/healthprofessional/17.cdr#Section_17 Salomatina, E., Jiang, B, Novak, J., Yaroslavky, A.(November/December 2006) Optical properties of normal and cancerous human skin in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. Journal of Biomedical Optics 11(6) , p. 064026. Graphic user interface of Peltarion Synapse Software Statistical model for absorption and scattering coefficient separately Error distribution for epidermis after 50,000 epochs of training of MLP Assumptions check for absorption coefficient Assumptions check for scattering coefficient

Optical properties of human skin as nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnostics

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