all unix commands at a single place

1. Command Description
cat Display File Contents
cd ChangesDirectory to dirname
chgrp change filegroup
chmod Changing Permissions
cp Copy source file into destination
file Determine file type
find Find files
grep Search filesfor regular expressions.
head Display first few linesof a file
ln Create softlinkon oldname
ls Display informationabout filetype.
mkdir Create a new directory dirname
more Display data in paginatedform.
mv Move (Rename) a oldnameto newname.
pwd Print current working directory.
rm Remove (Delete) filename
rmdir Delete an existing directory provided it isempty.
tail Printslast few linesin a file.
touch Update access and modification timeof a file.
Manipulating data:
The contentsof filescan be compared andalteredwith the followingcommands.
Command Description
awk Pattern scanning and processing language
cmp Compare the contentsof two files
comm Compare sorted data
cut Cut out selected fieldsof each lineof a file
diff Differential file comparator
expand Expand tabsto spaces
join Join fileson some commonfield
perl Data manipulation language
sed Stream text editor
sort Sort file data
split Split file into smaller files
tr Translate characters
uniq Report repeated linesin a file
wc Count words, lines, and characters
vi Opensvi text editor

2. Misc Commands:
These commands listor alter information aboutthe system:
Command Description
chfn Change your finger information
chgrp Change the group ownership ofa file
chown Change owner
date Print the date
determin Automatically find terminal type
du Print amountof disk usage
echo Echo arguments to the standard options
exit Quit the system
finger Print information aboutlogged-in users
groupadd Create a user group
groups Show group memberships
homequota Show quota and file usage
iostat ReportI/O statistics
kill Send a signal to a process
last Show lastlogins ofusers
logout log off UNIX
lun Listuser names or login ID
netstat Show network status
passwd Change user password
passwd Change your login password
printenv Displayvalue of a shell variable
ps Displaythe status ofcurrent processes
ps Print process status statistics
quota -v Displaydisk usage and limits
reset Resetterminal mode
script Keep scriptof terminal session
script Save the outputof a command or process
setenv Set environmentvariables
stty Set terminal options
time Time a command

3. top Displayall system processes
tset Set terminal mode
tty Print current terminal name
umask Show the permissions thatare given to view files by default
uname Displayname ofthe current system
uptime Get the system up time
useradd Create a user account
users Print names oflogged in users
vmstat Reportvirtual memorystatistics
w Show what logged in users are doing
who Listlogged in users
Access Control
exit - terminate a shell (see "man sh" or
"man csh")
logout - sign off; end session (C shell and
bash shell only;)
passwd - change login password
rlogin - log in remotely to another UNIX
system
ssh - secure shell
slogin - secure version of rlogin
yppasswd - change login password in yellow
pages
Communications
mail - send and receive mail
mesg - permit or deny terminal messages
and talk requests
pine - send and receive mail
talk - talk to another logged-in user
write - write to another logged-in user
Programming Tools
as - assembler, specific to each machine
architecture
awk - pattern scanning and processing
language
Miscellaneous
alias - define synonym commands
chquota - change disk quota on ACITS
UNIX systems
chsh - change default login shell
clear - clear terminal screen
echo - echo arguments
pbm - portable bitmap manipulation
programs
popd - pop the directory stack (C shell only)
pushd - push directory on stack (C shell
only)
script - make typescript of terminal session
setenv - set an environment variable (C
shell only)
stty - set terminal options
News/Networks
netstat - show network status
rsh - run shell or command on another UNIX
system
ssh - secure-shell version of rsh
Process Control
bg - put suspended process into background
fg - bring process into foreground

4. bc - online calculator
cc - C compiler
csh - C shell command interpreter
dbx - source-level debugging program
f77 - Fortran compiler
gdb - GNU Project debugger
gprof - display profile of called routines
kill - kill a process
ld - the UNIX loader
lex - generate lexical analysis programs
lint - check C source code
make - maintain large programs
maple - symbolic mathematics program
math - symbolic mathematics program
nice - run a command at low priority (see
"man nice" or "man csh")
nohup - run a command immune to hangups
pc - Pascal compiler (xlp on ADS)
perl - Popular script interpreter
prof - display profile data
python - Python programming language
sh - Bourne shell command interpreter
yacc - generate input parsing programs
xcalc - graphical calulator under x
Documentation
apropos - locate commands by keyword
lookup
find - locate file (i.e. find . -name *.tex -
print)
info - start the info explorer program
man - find manual information about
commands
whatis - describe what a command is
whereis - locate source, binary, or man
page for a program
Editors
emacs - screen-oriented text editor
pico - screen-oriented text editor (renamed
called nano)
sed - stream-oriented text editor
vi - full-screen text editor
vim - full-screen text editor ("vi-improved")
File and Directory Management
cd - change working directory
chmod - change the protection of a file or
jobs - list processes
^y - suspend process at next input request
^z - suspend current process
Status Information
clock - determine processor time
date - show date and time
df - summarize free disk space
du - summarize disk space used
env - display environment
finger - look up user information
history - list previously issued commands
last - indicate last login of users
lpq - examine spool queue
manpath - show search path for man pages
printenv - print out environment
ps - show process status
pwd - print full pathname of working
directory
set - set shell variables (C shell, bash, or
ksh)
spend - lists year-to-date ACITS UNIX
charges
stty - set terminal options
time - timing programs
top - list top cpu processes
uptime - show system load, how long
system has been up
w - show who is on system, what command
each job is executing
who - show who is logged onto the system
whois - Internet user name directory service
whoami - who owns the shell
Image Processing
gimp - photoshop type image processing
program
xfig - drawing program
xv - image viewer
xvscan - scan picture
xpaint - paint program
kpaint - kde paint program
Sound
mplayer - mpg player
realplay - realaudio player
timidity - midi to wav converter and player

5. directory
chown - change owner (or group) of a file or
directory
chgrp - change group of a file or directory
cmp - compare two files
comm - select/reject lines common to two
sorted files
cp - copy files
crypt - encrypt/decrypt files (CCWF only)
diff - compare the contents of two ASCII
files
file - determine file type
grep - search a file for a pattern
gzip - compress or expand files
ln - make a link to a file
ls - list the contents of a directory
lsof - list of open files
mkdir - create a directory
mv - move or rename files and directories
pwd - show the full pathname of your
working directory
quota - display disk usage and limits
rm - delete (remove) files
rmdir - delete (remove) directories
stat - status of file (i.e. last access)
sync - flush filesystem buffers
sort - sort or merge files
tar - create or extract archives
tee - copy input to standard output and
other files
tr - translate characters
umask - change default file protections
uncompress - restore compressed file
uniq - report (or delete) repeated lines in a
file
wc - count lines, words, and characters in a
file
File Display and Printing
cat - show the contents of a file; catenate
files
fold - fold long lines to fit output device
head - show first few lines of a file
lpq - examine the printer spooling queue
lpr - print a file
lprm - remove jobs from the printer
spooling queue
more - display a file, one screen at a time
less - like more with more features
xmms - mp3 player
Text Processing
abiword - open source word processor
addbib - create or extend bibliographic
database
col - filter reverse line feeds
diction - identify wordy sentences
diffmk - mark differences between files
dvips - convert TeX DVI files into PostScript
explain - explain phrases found by diction
program
grap - pic preprocessor for drawing graphs
hyphen - find hyphenated words
ispell - check spelling interactively
latex - format text in LaTeX (based on TeX)
pdfelatex - latex with pdf output
latex2html - Latex to html
lookbib - find bibliography references
macref - make cross-reference listing of
nroff/troff macro files
ndx - create a subject-page index for a
document
neqn - format mathematics with nroff
nroff - format text for simple display
pic - make simple pictures for troff input
psdit - filter troff output for Apple
LaserWriter
ptx - make permuted index (not on CCWF)
refer - insert references from bibliographic
databases
roffbib - run off bibliographic database
sortbib - sort bibliographic database
spell - find spelling errors
ispell - interactive spell checker
style - analyze surface characteristics of a
document
tbl - format tables for nroff/troff
tex - format text
tpic - convert pic source files into TeX
commands
wget - grab webpage
X windows
grabmode - info on screen: i.e. "1152x864"
51.213kHz/56.59Hz
import - grab window (i.e. import ppm:-
>out.ppm)

6. page - like "more", but prints screens top to
bottom
pr - paginate a file for printing
tail - show the last part of a file
zcat - display a compressed file
xv - show print, manipulate images
gv - show ps and pdf files
xpdf = shopw pdf files (use gv)
File Transfer
ftp - transfer files between network hosts
rsync - fast and flexible sync between
computers
scp - secure version of rcp
xdpyinfo - number of colors
xkill - kill xwindow
xlock - lock screen
xterm - xterminal
xwininfo - information on open window
Web
html2ps - html to ps
latex2html - latex to html translator
lynx - text based webbrowser
netscape - webbrowser
sitecopy - sitecopy is for easily maintaining
remote web sites.
weblint - html sytax and style checker