A comprehensive ppt about the Chola empire

1. THE CHOLA
EMPIRE

2. MAP

3. Temple
Inscriptions

4. Tiruvalangadu
grant of Rajendra
Chola I

5. Rajarajanatakam
by Rajarajachola
I

6. The Anbil plates
of Sundara Chola

7. Leiden plates
by RAJARAJA
CHOLA

8. UTTRAMERUR INSCRIPTION

9. RENATI
CHOLA
INSCRIPTION

10. Administration of
Chola empire

11. ADMINISTRATION
CENTRAL
ADMINISTRATIO
N
PROVINCIAL
ADMINISTRATION
LOCAL
ADMINISTRATIO
N

12. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION
• The administration was headed by the king.
• The king used to give oral commands to the responsible officers.
• . A special type of official, names Tirumandira, Olai , Nayagam ,
who recorded the oral orders immediately on palm leaf
manuscripts were responsible of the accurate records of them.

13. • The position of the king was heriditary.
• The rule of primogeniture generally prevailed.
• The king used to appoint Yuvraja (heir) during his reign.
• The kings adopted loftier titles like Gangaikonda Cholapuram,
Mahrajadhiraj , Parakesharivarman and Rajakesharivarman.
The king was assisted in his work by a council of ministers.

14. OFFICIALS
• Perundanan and Sirutaram
• Senapatis
• Nyayattar(judges)
• Uttaramantris.
• Adhikaris

15. Provincial Administration
• The chola empire was divided among nine provinces --
1) CHOLAMANDALAM 6)TADIGADIPADI
2)JAYANKONDACHOLMAN 7)NULAMBAPADI
3)KONGUMANDALAM 8)MARYAPAD
4)PANDYAMANDALAM 9)MUMMIDICHOLA
5)GANGAPADI

17. Local Administration
• Chola empire was largely centralized but they also had a unique
autonomous Local Administration System.
ASSEMBLIES
URAR- UR
SABHA -
AGRAHARA

18. UR : This assembly was for villages
of all castes. The general assembly of
the local residents of non
Brahmadeya villages. It is believed
that members of the assembly were
less than ten.
SABHA : These assemblies were only for
the Agrahara Village.
The inscription found a
Utramerur provide details about
formation and functioning of Sabha.
The Sabha was an assembly of
Brahmans/adult male members in the
agraharas .

19. • The members of the committee were elected by drawing lots or
by rotation. The membership was governed by certain criteria
such as the ownership of land, knowledge of Vedas, good
conduct, etc.
• SABHA was involved in the maintenance of roads, tanks,
temples and public ponds. The village assembly was also in
charge of payment of taxes due from the villages to the King’s
treasure.

20. • The village administration was carried on effectively by Variyams
who used to be the male members of the society. There were
different types of Variyams. For example the justice was
administered by Niyaya Variyam while temples were looked after
by the Dharma variyan. The control of the finance was given to
the Pon Variyam.

21. • There are also certain references to villages that were headed
by women. In a 902 CE inscription, there is mention of a
woman Bittaya who headed the village Bharangiyur.

22. Military Administration
• The army consisted of infantry, cavalry and elephants which
formed the three limbs of the great army – Mun-rukai-
Mahasenai.
• The Velaikkarars were the most dependable troops in the royal
service and were the bodyguards of the monarch.
• Attention was given to the training of the army and cantonments,
called Kadagams or padaividu.

24. • The Cholas paid special attention to their navy.
NAVY

25. Revenue Administration
• The land revenue was the major source of income during Chola
empire.
• The land tax was usually collected by the village assemblies.
• It was generally the one-sixth of the produce.

26. • The duties of revenue officials included many other spheres of
responsibilities. They also regulated receipts and expenditures of
temples.
• Trade was also a major source of revenue.
• Moreover, taxes on ports, forests and mines contributed to the
treasure of the king.
• The taxes collected included irai, kanikadan, iraikattina-kanikadanand
kadama

27. Judicial Administration
• The Chola king acted as the chief justice, as the trial in major
cases were conducted by the king himself.
• The minor disputes at the village level were heard by the village
assembly.
• NiyayaVariyam

28. THE ART AND
ARCHITECTURE
OF CHOLAS
THE CIVILIZATIONAL
GOLDEN AGE

29. TEMPLES

30. • They built a large number of Shiva temples along the banks of
river Kaveri.
• The Chola temples has been appreciated for its magnificence as
well as delicate workmanship.
PALLAVA
ARCHITECTURE
INFLUENCE
CHALUKYA
ARCHITECTURE
INFLUENCE

31. Early
phase(850-
985)
Middle
phase(985-
1070)
Late(1070-
1270)

32. The temple mostly
consists
grabhgriha,
antarala,
sabhamandapa.
• Presence of water
tank inside the
boundary of the
temple
The raw material
used are blocks of
gneiss and granite

33. Vijayalaya Cholisvara
Temple

34. Koranganatha
Temple

35. BRIHADESHWARA
TEMPLE

36. AIRAVATESVARA
TEMPLE

37. GANGAIKONDA
CHOLAPURAM

38. GANGAIKONDA CHOLAPURAM

39. SOLAGANGAM

40. SCULPTURE

41. NATARAJA
BRONZE
SCULPTURE

42. BHOGASHAKTI

43. SUBRAMANYA

44. SHIVA AND
PARVATI

45. RAJARAJA CHOLA I

46. PAINTINGS

47. Chola Fresco of
Dancing
girls, Brihadisvara
Temple

48. PAINTING OF
DURGA

49. LORD GANESHA

50. RAJARAJA CHOLA
WORSHIPPING LORD
SHIV,
BRHIDESHWARA

51. THANKYOU