history of english

2.  In the past, people have tried to create
a world language, Johann Schleyer
invented VolapÜk in 1880. VolapÜk
had about a million followers by 1889,
but die out quickly.
 Later on, Esperanto was invented in
1887 by Ludwig Zamenhof, it has been
more successful but only has about 2
million speakers.
World Language

3. Why English is often called as a world language?
 English is spoken in part of Europe, the Americas,
Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and in some of the
Island of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean.
 It’s also spoken as a first language by 320-370 million
people, used as a second language by about the
same number of people, and as a foreign language
by millions more.
Today

4. Englishas a firstlanguage

5. Who uses English, and why is it a widely
spoken language?
 In Great Britain and USA, English as the first language is
used for daily communication, in other countries like
India, Nigeria, Philippine, Singapore, and large numbers
of people use English as a second language. They have
their own first language, but English is one of the official
languages, they use it in education, business,
government, and broadcasting.
 Finally, in many countries English is taught as a foreign
language, but it is not an official language.

6. International
Forum
Science &
Technology
Air Traffic
Control
Entertainment
International
Business Meeting
English is used in many areas

7.  English words have been
borrowed by many other
languages, for example, le
shopping and le weekend
(French), el futbol (Spanish), der
Manager and da Ticket
(German), lo sport (Italian),
teiburu (table) and sokkusu
(socks) (Japanese).
 However, some countries have
tried to stop this by passing laws
against the public use of English
(for example France in 1975),
and (Poland in 1997).
Borrowing Words

8.  The spread of English
began with British
settlement of North
America, the Caribbean,
Australia, and Asia in 17th
and 18th centuries and
continued in 19th
centuries when the British
controlled parts of Africa
and the South Pacific.

10.  English also became
important internationally
because in the 19th
century Britain was one of
the world’s leading
industrial nations.
 Many industrial inventions
came from Britain, so
learning how to use them
involved learning English.

11.  Many towns in England became manufacturing centers
during the Industrial Revolution of the 1700s and 1800s.
Cities such as Newcastle, shown here, became crowded
and polluted as more and more factories opened there.

12.  The Industrial Revolution began in the
mid-1700s, when machines began to
perform the work that people used to
do. People also figured out new ways
of making things. Assembly lines
allowed factories to make goods much
faster, like the car wheels.
 The earliest machines of the
Industrial Revolution were
run by water power. Water
turned the paddles of a
wheel, which in turn
powered grinding stones or
other devices.
Industrial Revolution
Assembly Lines
Water-Power Mill

13.  During the Industrial Revolution, many
people stopped working on farms and
took jobs in big cities. They often
found work in factories. This painting
shows workers making iron in a
French factory in the late 1800s.
 The invention of the steam engine
was an important step in the
Industrial Revolution. Steam
engines powered factories and
drove the trains that carried goods
over long distances. This photo
shows an early steam locomotive.
Industrial Revolution
Factory Work
Steam Engine

14.  In 20th centuries, the use of English spread with the
growth in international business. Because of the strength
of the American economy many people wanted to do
business with American companies, and in order to do this
they had to speak English.
The Spread of English in 2000s

15.  When multinational companies and organizations
developed, English was often chosen as the working
language. For example: English is working language of
European Central Bank, although the bank in Germany.
The Spread of English in 2000s

16.  Air travel also developed, making more international
communication became more widely used, such as the
telephone, fax machines, and more recently the Internet.
The Spread of English in 2000s

18.  It’s good that everything’s
gone, except their language
which is everything.
(Derek Walcott, ‘North and South’, 1982)
 . . . We no longer control
English in any meaningful
way. It is no longer our ship,
but the sea.
(Andrew Marr, 1998)

19.  The Jamaican poet Derek Walcott knows that
English still has a great influence on countries
that were part of the British Empire; Meanwhile,
Andrew Marr, British Journalist recognizes that
English does not belong just to British or
Americans, but to the whole world.

20. Will English remain its big
influence in the world for much

21.  One opinion is that the number of people who can use
English well will continue to grow – to over half the people
in the world by 2050, some believe that English will remain
a world language.
 In this view, America will probably remain the most
important country in the world and so English will continue
as the world language.

22.  Another opinion said that the growing use of the
Internet and satellite TV which was developed in
America will mean that more people use and
understand English.

23. The Future of English
 Better communications between more countries will
result in more international business with English as its
language.
 Besides, more higher education can be provided as
distance learning to students all over the world with
courses given in English.

24. The Future of English
 In contrast, there are people who think that the
position of English is not so certain. China, in
particular may become wealthier than America. Even if
it does not, English may not remain a world language.

25. The Future of English
 Although English is the main language on the Internet,
non-English speaking users already outnumber English-
speaking users. Similarly, satellite TV companies will
probably provide programs in local language as well as
English.

26. The Future of English
Some countries may dislike the spread of English and try
to keep it out of education and government. For
example, in 1999 Microsoft agreed to provide the
Windows 98 program in Icelandic after opposition from
the Icelandic government to English programs being used
in schools.

27. The Future of English
If English does remain a world language, how will it
change? Will it break up into lots of different languages,
in the same way that Latin developed into French,
Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian and Italian? Or will the
different varieties disappear and only one kind of English
survive?

28. The Future of English
It seems that as English continues to be used
internationally more and more. The need for a standard
grammar and vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation will
remain. Perhaps a new kind of “World Standard English”
will develop from all the regional varieties.
On the other hand, speakers of all the regional varieties
of English will continue to create their own words,
expressions, pronunciation and grammar. These varieties
may become more and more different from World
Standard English, although they may not become
separate language.

29. The Future of English
Some states in America have passed a law making English
the official language. They are worried that English is
being replaced by Spanish.
However, there were only 28 million Spanish speakers in
2000 and 215 million who spoke only English. So, it
seems will replace English as the main language of
America.