3. Law of triads:-
According to law of triads elements were placed in a
group of 3 and they were called triads. These were
placed in the increasing order of atomic masses
4. Newland’s law of octaves:-
The elements were placed in increasing
order of their atomic weights and it was
noted that every eighth element had
properties similar to the first element .
10. S Block
Elements in which the last electron
enters the s-orbital of the
outermost energy level are called
s-block elements.
The s-block consists of two
groups—Group 1 and Group 2,
which are alkali metals and alkaline
earth metals.
11. P Block
Elements in which the last electron
enters the p-orbital of their
outermost energy level are called p-
block elements.
The p-block elements comprise
elements belonging to Groups
13−18.
It consists of all types of elements—
metals, non-metals and metalloids.
12. D Block
•Elements in which the last electron enters
any one of the five d-orbitals of penultimate
shells are called d-block elements.
•Elements of Groups 3−12 in the center of the
periodic table constitute the d-block
elements.
•The general outer electronic configuration of
d-block elements is (n − 1)d1−10 ns1−2.
13. F Block
•Elements in which the last electron enters
any one of the seven f-orbitals of their
respective ante-penultimate shells are called
f-block elements.
•There are 28 f-block elements in the
periodic table which are placed at the
bottom of the periodic table