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1. What are the 3 Phases of
Penetration Testing
Penetration testing is used to identify vulnerabilities in networks,
computer systems, and applications. The standard penetration testing
procedure includes the analysis of conventional vulnerabilities as well as
either software testing or network security scanning. It is a set of
methodologies for investigating the various problems in a system and
testing, analysing, and recommending solutions.
Penetration testing phases

2. Pre-engagement, engagement, and post-engagement are the three
stages of the penetration testing process.
Pre-engagement
1. Planning and Scoping
The penetration test provider is usually involved in defining the scope of the
testing. It should include the test plan as well as the level of intrusion
permitted when vulnerabilities are discovered. Penetration testing is a
white hat approach in which the attacker is a tester who follows the scope
definition’s rules of engagement. Before performing the penetration test,
the ethical hacker must sign a confidentiality agreement since he or she
may have access to classified data and information.
2. Information gathering and analysis
Following planning and scoping, the next phase is to gather information on
the systems or networks to be tested. The penetration tester may or may
not have access to information about the organization’s internal processes.
In some cases, a firm will direct an attacker to specific vulnerabilities or
targets that they are concerned about.

3. Engagement
1. Vulnerability Analysis
During this step, the penetration tester deploys a probe on the target
network, collects preliminary data, and analyses the results to identify
exploitation routes.
This phase may yield insights such as :
​ the server’s directory.
​ Use a secure connection to connect to an FTP server.
​ SMTP access points that send error messages containing network
architectural information.
​ The likelihood of remote code execution.
​ Security flaws in cross-site scripting.
​ To sign and insert new scripts into the network, an internal
code-signing certificate can be utilised.
2. Penetration Testing
During this step, a penetration tester searches target properties for
vulnerabilities using automated tools. These programmes typically have
their own files that contain information about the most frequent
vulnerabilities. Testers, on the other hand, discover Network Exploration,
which involves the discovery of new networks, routers, and other

4. equipment. It also features Host Discovery, which defines available ports
on these devices.
3. Active Intrusion Attempts Phase
Once a penetration tester has breached the security perimeter or exploited
a target device, they can use malware or another way to gain continual
access, much like a true advanced persistent threat. Furthermore, if the
system is rebooted or maintained, the control function should be durable
and remain on the network.
Post-engagement
Following penetration testing, both testers and clients must complete a
number of tasks.
1.Post-test exploitation and risk identification
Recommendations for resolving discovered vulnerability problems in the
environment can be a significant aspect of a penetration tester’s
evaluation. Any severe problems detected during the penetration test
should be corrected by the penetration testing company.

5. 2. Report on Penetration Testing
Finally, the penetration tester submits a report to the company. The test
report should be distributed to two groups of people: administrators and
technical or security employees. An executive summary describing the
penetration test approach in market terms and categorising analysis results
based on risk level. It will be used by the business team to assess what
has to be fixed and which issues provide an acceptable amount of risk.