Presentation at the International World Lung Conference 2015

1. DeniWahyudi Kurniawan
Indonesian Institute for Social Development
deni.wk@iisd.or.id | www.iisd.or.id
Farmers
Control

2.  Tobacco Facts in Indonesia
 Tobacco Farming Issue
 Initiative and Latest Research onTobacco
Farming
 Conclusion and Recommendation
 Priority research at the country level

3. CurrentTobacco Laws
have not ratified the FCTC yet
Health Act 36/2009, Govt. Regulation
109/2012, PDRD 2012, Excise Act,
Broadcasting Act, covers almost all
MPOWER packages
> 70 million smokers
36% Prevalence
(67% Men, 4,5% women)
> 200 thousands deaths
360 billion sticks / year
245,5Trillion rupiah loss
✓✓ ✓ ✓✓✓

4. Initiatives onTobacco Farmers
 Research Tobacco Farmers
Livelihood (2012), Perception on
Trade System (2014), Opinion to
Tobacco Farming andTC (2015)
 Assistance  AssistTobacco Farmers
in Shifting Crops in Magelang
 Publication  Tobacco Farmers in
Indonesia; a Paradox of Life
- Indonesia : top 5 tobacco producer
- Always used as bumper ; ITGA, APTI, etc
- 7 times judicial review in Constitutional Court

5. Title : Current and ex-tobacco farmers’
opinion on tobacco farming and tobacco
control in Indonesia
 in June and July 2015
 3 provinces : East Java, Central Java, and
West NusaTenggara Five major tobacco
farming – Jember, Magelang,
Temanggung, Central Lombok and East
Lombok
 Cross-sectional questionnaire to 500
farmers (309 current tobacco farmers and
191 ex-tobacco farmers).

6. 36.90%
16.80%
6.80% 6.80%
2.90% 2.30%
27.50%
Family traditional
farming
Profitable Follow neighbors Self willingness Tobacco industry
lobby
only tobacco can
grow in my land
Don’t know/No
response
• Only 16,8% said that tobacco is profitable
• 86,4 % have other type or crops and
• 28% willing to shift to other crops
• 51% do not encourage family/children to tobacco farming
Current
Farmers
Factors that influence to keep doing tobacco farming?

7. 29.8%
20.0%
2.3% 0.3%
47.6%
Unpredictable
weather
Tobacco
industry
monopoly
Lack of
government
Tobacco Control Don’t know/No
response
• Factors harmful to tobacco
farming: weather,TI monopoly
and lack of government
regulation
• Only 0.3 % said tobacco control
harmful to tobacco farming
45.0%
13.1%
11.5% 11.6%
2.0%
14.7%
TI monopoly Not profitable Unpredictable
weather
Family did not
want to
continue
tobacco is
harmful
No response
Ex-Tobacco Farmers
Factors influenced stopping tobacco
farming
Current Farmers
• Main factors influence to stop
: TI monopoly
• Other factors : not
profitable, weather, family,
health

8. 775,000
2,500,00
0
Current tobacco
farmers
Ex-tobacco
farmers
Median monthly income
64.60%
85.30%
35.40%
14.70%
Current tobacco
farmers
Ex-tobacco farmers
Does your monthly income cover basic needs
(foods, drinks, cloths, children’s school fees)?
Yes
No
• Average farmers income is increasing after shifting to other
profitable crops
• More ex-tobacco farmers could cover their basic needs than
tobacco farmers
• 99% ex-tobacco farmers are happy doing non-tobacco farming

9. 17.2% 20.4% 18.4%
32.4%
51.8%
39.8%
12.9%
11.0%
12.2%
14.6%
11.0%
13.2%
23.0%
5.8%
16.4%
Current tobacco farmers Ex-tobacco farmers All
Support to strong tobacco control regulation
Strongly support Support Somewhat support Not support Don't know
62.5%
83.2%
70.4%
• Farmers understanding on the harmful of tobacco is high, 70,4% of them
do not want to see their children smoking
• 56.9% among Smoking Farmers (n: 274) is willing to quit smoking

10. Conclusion
 Tobacco farming is not profitable due to unfair trade system, harmful to
public health and unpredictable weather.
 Shifting to other crop is a proven good solution to advance tobacco
farmers livelihood.
 Tobacco Farmers is supportingTobaccoControl Measures.
Recommendation
 Government should assist farmers to shift to other crops and tightly
regulate tobacco trade system and distribution.
 TobaccoControl does not harm tobacco farmers then it should not be
used against its measurement.
 Indonesia should tightenTobacco control policy including accede the
WHO-FCTC and increase the compliance to the existing regulation.

11.  StrengtheningTobacco Economy Evidence;
 Cost Benefit Analysis of FCTC accession
 FCTC Accession and Unemployment
 Strengthening evidence on crop
diversification and tobacco non-cigarette
products.