planning type,nature and process Decision making process

1. DEEPAK NAIN
MTTM (P)
ROLL NO. - 07

2. MEANING OF PLANNING
 Planning is thinking in advance
 what is to be done,
 When it is to be done,
 How it is to be done, and
 By whom it is to be done
 It is one of the basic managerial functions. Planning is the basic
form of management With it start with other functions of
management .

3. PLANNING
• Planning refers to thinking before hand.
Or
• Planning is the determination of a future course of action to get a achievable
result or goal Dr.R.K.Singla
Or
• Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and
who is to do it Koontz and O”Donnell
Or
• Planning is deciding in advance what it to be done.
Haimann

4. NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
• (i) Planning focuses on achieving objectives
• (ii) Planning is a primary function of management
• (iii) Planning is pervasive
• (iv) Planning involves decision making
• (v) Planning is futuristic
• (vi) Planning is continuous
• (vii) Planning is a mental exercise

5. STEPS INVOLVED IN PLANNING

6. TYPES OF PLANS
Purpose and Mission
 Objective or Goals
Strategies
Policies
Procedures
Programme
Budget
TYPES OF PLANS

7. LIMITATIONS OR DIFFICULTIES
• 1). Unreliable Forecasting
• 2). End of Initiative
• 3). Lack of Flexibility
• 4). An Expensive Process
• 5). Difficulty in the Selection of the Best
Alternative
• 6).Affected by external Environment
• 7). Lack of Adequate Expertise

8. DECISION MAKING
• According to Koontz and O”Donnel , Decision making is the actual
selection from among alternatives of a cource of action.
Or
• According to George R.Terry, Decision making is the selection based on
some criteria from two or more possible alternatives.
Or
• According to Louis A.Allen Decision making is the work which a manager
performs to arrive at conclusion and judgement.

9. NATURE OF DECISION MAKING
• 1). It is a process of selecting the best from the alternatives.
2). Decision making is based on Rational Thinking.
• 3). Decision Making is always related to some problem or conflict.
• 4). It involves the Evaluation of various Available Alternatives.
• 5). Decision Making is aimed at achieving organizational Goals.
• 6). Decision making involves Commitment.
• 7). It is basically a human activity.
• 8). Decision making is both a managerial function and an organizational
process.
• 9). Decision making is the core of planning.
• 10). Decision start action.

10. IMPORTANCE OF DECISION MAKING
Better Utilisation of Resource
Facing Problems and Challenges
Business Growth
 Facilitate Innovation
 Increases Efficiency
Achieving Objectives
Motivates Employees

11. DECISION MAKING PROCESS

12. LIMITATION OF DECISION MAKING
 1. Time Consuming
 2. Compromised Decisions
 3. Subjective Decisions
 4. Biased Decisions
 5. Limited Analysis
 6. Uncontrollable Environmental Factors
 7. Uncertain Future
 8. Responsibility is Diluted