The ICD-11 is the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases. It will replace the ICD-10 as the global standard for coding health information and causes of death. The ICD is developed and annually updated by the World Health Organization

1. ICD 11
DEBOJIT ROY

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 FEATURES OF ICD-11
 HISTORY OF ICD
 CHAPTERS IN ICD-11
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
ICD stands for International Statistical Classification Of Diseases.
ICD is the standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology ,health management and clinical
purposes. This is the global health information standard for morbidity and mortality
statistics. It is used in clinical care and research to define diseases and study disease
patterns. The ICD is designed to promote international compatibility in health data
collecting and reporting. The ICD contains a description of all known diseases and
injuries. Each disease is detailed with diagnostic characteristics and given a unique
identifier that is used to code mortality data on death certificates and morbidity data
from patient and clinical records.

4. CONTINUED
ICD defines diseases ,disorders and other health related conditions in a comprehensive
hierarchical order that helps in :
 Easy storage ,retrieval and analysis of health information for decision making.
 Sharing and comparing health information between hospitals, region and countries.
 Data comparison in the same location across different time periods.

5. FEATURES OF ICD-11
 This 11th revision is the result of an unprecedented collaboration with clinicians,
statisticians, classification and IT experts from around the world, making it useable
by these groups, as well as by coders.
 ICD-11 allows countries to count and identify their most pressing health issues by
using an up-to-date and clinically relevant classification system. Health conditions
and accidents are assigned ICD-11 codes, resulting in data that can be used by
governments to design effective public health policies, and measure their impact, or
used for clinical recording.
 For the first time, ICD is fully electronic, currently providing access to 17 000
diagnostic categories, with over 100 000 medical diagnostic index terms. The index-
based search algorithm interprets more than 1.6 million terms. ICD-11 is easy to
install and can be used online or offline.
 ICD-11 is truly multilingual.

6. CONTINUED
 ICD-11 is a vast improvement on previous revisions. There is more meaningful
clinical content than ICD-10. A significant feature of ICD-11 is the improved ease
and accuracy of coding requiring less user training than ever before, together with
the availability of online and offline functioning.
 ICD-11 is digital health ready, for use in multiple IT environments, with a new API.
It is presented together with a suite of web services including multilingual support
and in-built user guidance.
 The ICD-11 translation tool ensures internationally consistent translations and the
addition of locally used terms.

7. CONTINUED
 Overall coding improvements in ICD-11 allow more precise and more detailed data
recording and collection.
 Codes for antimicrobial resistance
 Codes for full documentation of patient safety, in line with the WHO patient safety
framework
 Necessary detail for cancer registration is fully embedded in ICD–11
 Specific coding for clinical stages of HIV
 More clinically relevant coding for complications of diabetes.
 Codes for common skin cancers basalioma, and melanoma subtypes. Classification of heart
valve diseases and pulmonary hypertension, now matching current diagnostic and treatment
capacity.
 Coding for traffic accidents and causes of injuries is now consistent with current
international practice for data documentation and analysis.

8. HISTORY OF ICD
Some of the first attempts to systematically classify diseases were made in the 1600s and
1700s, though the resulting classifications were considered to be of little utility, largely as
a result of inconsistencies in nomenclature and poor statistical data. During the 1800s
the importance of creating a uniform system was realized, and several medical
statisticians commissioned the completion of that task. The International Statistical
Institute adopted the first international classification of diseases in 1893.
François Bossier de Lacroix
Sir George Knibbs, the eminent Australian statistician, credited François Bossier de
Lacroix (1706-1777), better known as Sauvages, with the first attempt to classify diseases
systematically. Sauvages' comprehensive treatise was published under the title nosologia
methodica.

9. CONTINUED
William Cullen
William Cullen (1710-1790), of Edinburgh published the classification of disease in 1785
under the title synopsis nosologiae methodicae.
William Farr
Fortunately for the progress of preventive medicine, the General Register Office of
England and Wales, at its inception in 1837, found in William Farr (1807-1883) - its first
medical statistician - a man who not only made the best possible use of the imperfect
classifications of disease available at the time, but laboured to secure better
classifications and international uniformity in their use. Farr found the classification of
Cullen in use in the public services of his day.

10. CONTINUED
Jacques Bertillon
The International Statistical Institute, the successor to the International Statistical
Congress, at its meeting in Vienna in 1891, charged a committee, chaired by Jacques
Bertillon (1851-1922), Chief of Statistical Services of the City of Paris, with the
preparation of a classification of causes of death.
Later in 1983, International Statistical Institute adopted the first international
classification edition known as International list of causes of death.
The ICD became increasingly detailed through repeated revision, particularly after
1948, when the World Health Organization (WHO) assumed responsibility for
publishing the ICD and began collecting international data for all general
epidemiological surveillance and health management purposes. WHO significantly
revised the ICD in the 1980s and early 90s.

11. CHAPTERS IN ICD-11
1.Certain infectious or parasitic diseases
This chapter includes certain conditions caused by pathogenic organisms or
microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi.
2.Neoplasms
An abnormal or uncontrolled cellular proliferation which is not coordinated with an
organism's requirements for normal tissue growth, replacement or repair.
3.Diseases of the blood or blood-forming organs
This chapter includes diseases of the blood as well as diseases of blood forming organs.
4.Diseases of the immune system
5.Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases
This chapter includes endocrine diseases, nutritional diseases as well as metabolic
diseases.

12. CONTINUED
6.Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders
Mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders are syndromes characterised by
clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotional regulation, or
behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental
processes that underlie mental and behavioural functioning. These disturbances are
usually associated with distress or impairment in personal, family, social, educational,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
7.Sleep-wake disorders
Sleep-wake disorders are characterised by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
(insomnia disorders), excessive sleepiness (hypersomnolence disorders), respiratory
disturbance during sleep (sleep-related breathing disorders), disorders of the sleep-wake
schedule (circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders), abnormal movements during sleep
(sleep-related movement disorders), or problematic behavioural or physiological events
that occur while falling asleep, during sleep, or upon arousal from sleep (parasomnia
disorders).

13. CONTINUED
8.Diseases of the nervous system
This is a group of conditions characterised as being in or associated with the nervous
system.
9.Diseases of the visual system
This refers to any diseases of the visual system, which includes the eyes and adnexa, the
visual pathways and brain areas, which initiate and control visual perception and
visually guided behaviour.
10.Diseases of the ear or mastoid process
This chapter contains diseases of the ear and diseases of the mastoid process.

14. CONTINUED
11.Diseases of the circulatory system
This refers to diseases of the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids,
electrolytes and lymph), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body
to help fight diseases, stabilize body temperature and pH, and to maintain homeostasis.
12.Diseases of the respiratory system
13.Diseases of the digestive system
14.Diseases of the skin
Diseases of the skin incorporate conditions affecting the epidermis, its appendages (hair,
hair follicle, sebaceous glands, apocrine sweat gland apparatus, eccrine sweat gland
apparatus and nails) and associated mucous membranes (conjunctival, oral and genital),
the dermis, the cutaneous vasculature and the subcutaneous tissue (subcutis).

15. CONTINUED
15.Diseases of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue
This chapter contains diseases of musculoskeletal system and diseases of connective
tissue.
16.Diseases of the genitourinary system
Any disease characterised by pathological changes to the genitourinary system.
17.Conditions related to sexual health
18.Pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium
A group of conditions characterised as occurring during the period of time from
conception to delivery (pregnancy), during labour and delivery (childbirth) or during
the approximately six weeks after delivery during which the uterus returns to the
original size (puerperium).

16. CONTINUED
19.Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period
This chapter includes conditions that have their origin in the perinatal period even
though death or morbidity occurs later.
20.Developmental anomalies
This chapter includes conditions caused by failure of a particular body site or body
system to develop correctly during the antenatal period.

17. CONTINUED
21.Symptoms, signs or clinical findings, not elsewhere classified
Clinical findings include those found using physical, laboratory and imaging techniques.
Diseases can manifest in many ways and in different body systems. Such specific
manifestations may be a reason for treatment or encounter, with or without identifying
or addressing the underlying condition.
Categories in this chapter include the less well-defined conditions and symptoms that,
without the necessary study of the case to establish a final diagnosis, could be designated
'not otherwise specified', 'unknown aetiology' or 'transient'.

18. CONTINUED
22.Injury, poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes
In the ICD, injury means physical or physiological bodily harm resulting from
interaction of the body with energy (mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical or radiant,
or due to extreme pressure) in an amount, or at a rate of transfer, that exceeds physical
or physiological tolerance. Injury can also result from lack of vital elements, such as
oxygen. Poisoning by and toxic effects of substances are included, as is damage of or due
to implanted devices. Maltreatment syndromes are included even if physical or
physiological bodily harm has not been reported. Otherwise, psychological effects are
not included (e.g. injured feelings).

19. CONTINUED
23.External causes of morbidity or mortality
The WHO definition of an ‘injury’ is: ‘Injuries are caused by acute exposure to physical
agents such as mechanical energy, heat, electricity, chemicals, and ionizing radiation
interacting with the body in amounts or at rates that exceed the threshold of human
tolerance. In some cases, (for example, drowning and frostbite), injuries result from the
sudden lack of essential agents such as oxygen or heat’. Injuries may be categorized in a
number of ways. However, for most analytical purposes and for identifying intervention
opportunities, it is especially useful to categorize injuries according to whether or not
they were deliberately inflicted and by whom.

20. CONTINUED
24.Factors influencing health status or contact with health services
Categories in this chapter are provided for occasions when circumstances other than a
disease, injury or external cause classifiable elsewhere are recorded as "diagnoses" or
"problems". This can arise in two main ways:
1. When a person who may or may not be sick encounters the health services for some
specific purpose, such as to receive limited care or service for a current condition, to
donate an organ or tissue, to receive prophylactic vaccination or to discuss a problem
which is in itself not a disease or injury.
2. When some circumstance or problem is present which influences the person's health
status but is not in itself a current illness or injury. Such circumstance or problem
may be elicited during population surveys, when the person may or may not be
currently sick, or be recorded as additional information to be borne in mind when
the person is receiving care for some illness or injury.

21. CONTINUED
25.Codes for special purposes
• International provisional assignment of new diseases of uncertain aetiology and
emergency use
• National provisional assignment of new diseases of uncertain aetiology
26.Supplementary Chapter Traditional Medicine Conditions
V Supplementary section for functioning assessment
The section allows for creating functioning profiles and overall functioning scores of
individuals, which are suitable to describe and quantify the level of functioning
associated with a health conditions. To guide functioning assessment, the section includes
two ICF-based instruments developed by WHO: the WHO Disability Assessment
Schedule (WHODAS 2.0 36-item version), and the Model Disability Survey (MDS).
X Extension Codes

22. REFERENCES
https://icd.who.int/en/docs/icd11factsheet_en.pdf
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/history-of-the-development-of-the-icd
https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en

23. THANK YOU