This document discusses hybrid vehicles. It defines a hybrid vehicle as one that uses both an internal combustion engine and electric motor to propel the vehicle. It classifies hybrids into three types: series, parallel, and series-parallel. Hybrids improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions by capturing energy through regenerative braking and using batteries to assist the gasoline engine. While hybrids currently have higher costs, the document argues they will play an important role in reducing dependence on oil and mitigating global warming.

1. HYBRID VEHICLES
NEELKAMAL ROUT
11ME022
GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
GUNUPUR

2. CONTENTS:-
 Definition.
 What is Hybrid?
 Classification.
 Electric verses Internal Combustion.
 Timeline of Hybrid technology.
 The Batteries.
 The Future scope.

3. HYBRID VEHICLE:-
 A Hybrid vehicle is one that uses two different
methods to propel the vehicle.
 A Hybrid Electric Vehicle, abbreviated HEV uses
both an internal combustion engine and an electric
motor to propel the vehicle.
 The hybrid vehicles use a high voltage battery pack
and a combination electric motor and generator to
help or assist a gasoline engine.

4. What is a Hybrid?
 Hybrid electric vehicles include both combustion
engine as well as electric motor.
 If we had better batteries, we would not need
hybrids at all.
 Hybrid can be implemented in many kinds of
vehicles.

5. Global Warming:-
 Hybrids are not zero-emission vehicles.
 Will cut down the emissions of global-warming.
 Later models may cut these emissions down by even
more.

6. Why Hybrid?
 Regenerative braking actually makes city driving
more economical than on the highway.
 Fuel efficiency is greatly increased.
 Emissions are greatly decreased.
 Dependency on fossil fuels can be decreased.
 Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as well.
 New materials can be implemented.

7. CLASSIFICATION:-
The types of hybrid electric vehicles include:
1. Series Hybrid electric vehicle.
2. Parallel Hybrid electric vehicle.
3. Series-Parallel Hybrid electric vehicle.

12. Batteries:-
 NiMH D cells
 Prismatic Ni-MH
 Metal case Prismatic Ni-MH

13. Electric control unit:-
 Regulates
temperature and
state of charge.
 Ensures safe and
reliable driving.

14. History:-
 1839 : First electric vehicle.
 1890-1910: Significant improvements in battery
technology(Pb,NiFe)
 1898:Ferdinand Porsche built a hybrid.
 1905: Gas – Electric car.
 1991:Advanced super Battery.
 2000:Toyota prius available in Japan and US.
 2002:Honda civic Hybrid introduced
 2004:Toyota prius 2 introduced

15. Components of HEVs:-
1)Hybrid engine:-

16. 2). Hybrid Battery:-

17. 3). Electric motor:-

18. 4).Generator:-

19. 5). Transmission and gearing:-
 Input-split mode
Compound-split mode

20. Advance technology in HEVs
 Regenerative braking.
 Automatic start and shut off.
 Use advanced aerodynamics to reduce drag

21. Advantages:-
Mechanical.
Environmental.
Energy efficiency.
Cost of recharge is very low.
Use less fuel used to recharge battery.
Lighter.
Regenerative braking system stores electrical energy
in batteries.

22. Disadvantages:-
High cost.
Risk of exposure to high voltage wires.
Long time batteries charging.
More expensive than conventional vehicles.
Spare part maybe hard and costly.

23. Future scope:-
When the entire world is facing the scarcity of petrol
and the gasoline prices are touching the sky, Hybrid
Cars have come up as a promising and a feasible
option to cope with the situation.
The use of hybrids is being encouraged by many
governments in the world.

24. Conclusion:-
 A technology exists to build a future with a
significant lower dependence on oil.
 Hybrids can play an important role in realizing this
future, filling the gap between immediate
improvements through conventional technology.
 Hybrids can help drive passengers vehicle oil
consumption and global warming.