A brief innovation overview of gradient garment technology from the certificate course, "Compression Technologies" by ISTA's Professional Sports Technology Institute
1. Gradient
Compression
Case Study
Terry, a High-Performance Director at a professional
soccer team, is required to improve athlete recovery
after games and high-load training sessions.
Player performance decreases after strenuous
activities when athletes are sore, and Terry knows
there is an increased risk of injury if they are not fully
recovered as well. This affects the team’s next
training session plans and possibly performance at
the next match.
Additionally, team management and club fans add
pressure to have the team at peak physical condition
for each and every game. Terry is dedicated to
keeping his players in top physical shape.
2. Problem
Terry’s performance staff are constrained by budgets, and they need a non-invasive low-cost
method to boost muscle recovery while addressing soreness. Terry knows that many athletes in
many sports wear compression garments, but he is unconvinced that compression does
anything to help. In addition, his performance team recognizes that because each player has
varying thigh, calf and ankle measurements, it is nearly impossible to find a solution that
correctly fits each athlete. They also believe that constraining soft tissue may even limit
recovery.
Terry’s performance team uses mechanical compression technologies but not all players
present with concerning data or soreness requiring the use of this type of finite resource, and it
is not always practical to use. Terry needs a wearable technology that fits all of his diverse
athletes that they can use during travel to the next match, which will maximize recovery and
thereby give his players an edge.
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3. Solution
A performance colleague points out that it is possible to custom-fit compression garments for
each athlete while applying a specific compression regimen as accurately as any medical
garment. His peers report an increase in recovery rates of 20%.
Terry determines that an easy non-invasive low cost solution is custom compression
leggings paired with individualized recovery plans. Terry provides access to the athletes for a
scanning visit to collect detailed data about each athlete’s body structure. Using a scanner
and software algorithm, each athlete’s sizing data is sent to a specialized weaving location
where custom garments are created.
The mmHg pressure for each custom garment varies from gradient to static and each
garment is designed for month(s) long recovery applications before reanalysis is required.
Medical literature supports that custom leggings are also useful to reduce deep vein
thrombosis (DVT) risk and reduce swelling in soft tissue while also helping muscle recovery.
A company that provides custom compression garments of this type is Cape Bionics.
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4. Cape Bionics
● Custom Made Compression Sleeves for Athletes
● Specific Pressure Regimes for Individuals, Based on Use:
Performance
Recovery
Travel
Rehabilitation
● Individually Sized via 3D Scan (data)
● FDA Class 1 Medical Device
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5. Product Uses
● Recovery - High Compression
● Performance - Medium Compression
● Rehabilitation - Strong graduated compression
● Travel - Low to moderate or high graduated
compression depending on duration
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6. Unique Features
3D Body Scan Data
Auto Tailor Weave Process
Fast Turn Around
Affordable For Teams
Made of Durable Elastane
Easy to Launder
Built in Slip Resistance
Labeled R & L
Labeled Type of Sleeve 6
Editor's Notes
Cape Bionics’ core product is calf sleeves – according to their website, these are “incredibly practical and effective remedial garments for running athletes as they improve blood flow for the entire leg.” They also make arm sleeves, and will release leggings and a full suit soon.
Cape uses the term “BIOCOMPRESSION” to refer to proprietary compression regimes optimised for performance, recovery, travel or rehabilitation, which were developed by and with sports scientists, using technology that came out of NASA, MIT and the European Space Agency. Cape Bionics’ founder, James Waldie, originally designed compression garments for astronauts, beginning in 1999.
In order for the compression to function effectively, Dr. Waldie discovered that the skinsuit worn by astronauts required extreme precision and custom sizing. He developed new processes and algorithms to tailor the stretch of the garment in both vertical and horizontal directions to be custom fit to the individual. To do this, CAPE uses a patented 3D scanning system, called AutoTailor, which automates the custom design of each garment.
A Cape sleeve is categorized as a Class I Medical Device (Therapeutic Goods Administration and the Food and Drug Administration).
According to the Cape Bionics website, independent ultrasound testing has shown CAPE calf sleeves significantly improve arterial inflow and venous return in the entire leg.
Recovery
Heart rate is normal, and body is in a semi-relaxed state. A higher level of compression is necessary to maximise blood flow and the removal of waste by-products from recent exercise.
Performance
Heart rate is high and muscle pumps are activated, but aerobic demand is also highest. Medium compression is optimum. Lower peak muscle oscillations reduce the likelihood of DOMS (and possibly injury).
Rehabilitation
Derived with Olympic-level Sports Physios. Promotes blood flow, provides strong support/stability (without restricting movement), stimulates sensorimotor receptors for muscle awareness/position, and exerts very strong graduated assistance for lymphatic drainage and reducing oedema.
Travel
Heart rate is normal, movement is limited. Low to moderate graduated compression is comfortable, invokes vasodilation, reduces swelling/oedema. For longer flights (>4 hrs), or clinical applications, higher compression is recommended to reduce DVT risk.