A brief innovation review from the certificate course, "Compression Technologies" to examine a common pneumatic compression use case. Provided by ISTA's Professional Sports Technology Institute.
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Case Study: Mechanical Compression Technology
1. Pneumatic
Compression
Case Study
Janine, an Athletic Trainer at a professional
men's basketball team, is charged with
keeping players healthy and ready to play.
The team travels and competes almost every
other day during the season.
This intensity of play requires a proactive
program to prevent injuries such as ankle
sprains, knee injuries, deep tissue thigh
contusions, hyperextension injuries, and
shoulder and back strains; and treat injuries
when they do occur.
2. Problem
2
Janine is evaluating a potential knee ligament tear by first responding with ice
within the first hour. In the locker room, the player’s feedback indicates
uncomfortable and excessive tension and cramps. Janine sees the that the
player needs careful support but in a controlled manner. She advises the player
that she needs to support his leg and maintain containment. Her athlete needs
pressure and control to help relieve the painful tension and cramping.
Janine then puts the player in a pneumatic boot and connects it to the controller.
An innovative pneumatic boot feature called “chamber control” allows Janine to
dial in compression around a specific region of the body in response to the needs
of that area. Another feature allows hot and/or cold therapy packs to be used
during compression sessions.
3. Solution
3
Janine sets the pressures in four boot chambers: Foot:130 mmHg, Calf: 120
mmHg, and Thigh: 120 mmHg respectively. For the fourth chamber around the
knee, she dials back the pressure to 80 mmHg — a much lighter squeeze and
adds soft cold packs. This allows for blood and lymph fluid to move through the
knee without applying too much pressure directly to the potentially torn ligament
which could be painful. Janine saves the customized settings specific to her
injured player. These pneumatic boot features give her players a recovery
advantage. The chamber control memory feature saves time as well.
By making the decision to use chamber control and cold therapy, her athletes
benefit from circulation and inflammation control efficiencies while also
empowering her to be more sensitive to painful tissue or ligament damage. An
example of a pneumatic boot manufacturer with these innovative features is
Rapid Reboot.
4. Rapid Reboot
Multi-chamber comfort for many applications…
4 Inflation Modes
Boot, Hip, Arm/Shoulder Attachments
Multiple Sizing Options
Seamless Interior
Triangular Toe-box Design
Chamber Control
Rapid Deflate
App Control
4
5. Product Uses
BLOOD FLOW
Improve blood flow (oxygen and nutrient) to muscles post
training or playing which facilitates cellular repair.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Aid the body’s natural ability to remove toxins and exercise
induced waste byproducts through the lymphatic system with the
use of rotating pressures.
LIGAMENT & TENDON TENSION
Reduce injury by targeting tight or tense muscles, fascia, and
immobile joints.
5
6. Unique Features
FDA approved 200 mmHg with 10 settings
Fast Distal-to-Proximal Cycle
Quick Deflate Option
Chamber Isolation
Chambers Overlap Inside
3 Different Session Duration Settings
Unique Hip Attachment Design
6
Editor's Notes
Cape Bionics’ core product is calf sleeves – according to their website, these are “incredibly practical and effective remedial garments for running athletes as they improve blood flow for the entire leg.” They also make arm sleeves, and will release leggings and a full suit soon.
Cape uses the term “BIOCOMPRESSION” to refer to proprietary compression regimes optimised for performance, recovery, travel or rehabilitation, which were developed by and with sports scientists, using technology that came out of NASA, MIT and the European Space Agency. Cape Bionics’ founder, James Waldie, originally designed compression garments for astronauts, beginning in 1999.
In order for the compression to function effectively, Dr. Waldie discovered that the skinsuit worn by astronauts required extreme precision and custom sizing. He developed new processes and algorithms to tailor the stretch of the garment in both vertical and horizontal directions to be custom fit to the individual. To do this, CAPE uses a patented 3D scanning system, called AutoTailor, which automates the custom design of each garment.
A Cape sleeve is categorized as a Class I Medical Device (Therapeutic Goods Administration and the Food and Drug Administration).
According to the Cape Bionics website, independent ultrasound testing has shown CAPE calf sleeves significantly improve arterial inflow and venous return in the entire leg.
Recovery
Heart rate is normal, and body is in a semi-relaxed state. A higher level of compression is necessary to maximise blood flow and the removal of waste by-products from recent exercise.
Performance
Heart rate is high and muscle pumps are activated, but aerobic demand is also highest. Medium compression is optimum. Lower peak muscle oscillations reduce the likelihood of DOMS (and possibly injury).
Rehabilitation
Derived with Olympic-level Sports Physios. Promotes blood flow, provides strong support/stability (without restricting movement), stimulates sensorimotor receptors for muscle awareness/position, and exerts very strong graduated assistance for lymphatic drainage and reducing oedema.
Travel
Heart rate is normal, movement is limited. Low to moderate graduated compression is comfortable, invokes vasodilation, reduces swelling/oedema. For longer flights (>4 hrs), or clinical applications, higher compression is recommended to reduce DVT risk.