David Ford Avon ct express here about Human Rights and its five categories. These human rights are very important for the whole humanity to grow.

1. Five Primary Categories of
Human Rights:
Civil Rights
Political Rights
Economic Rights
Social Rights
Cultural Rights

2. DEFINITION
HUMAN RIGHTS are the rights that all
people have by virtue of being human
beings.
HUMAN RIGHTS are derived from the
inherent dignity of the human person and
are defined internationally, nationally and
locally by various law making bodies.

3. DEFINITION
HUMAN RIGHTS is defined as the supreme,
inherent, and inalienable rights to life, to dignity,
and to self-development. It is concerned with
issues in both areas of civil and political rights and
economic, social and cultural rights founded on
internationally accepted human rights obligations

4. What are the Human Rights
Principles?
Core Principles:
• Human Dignity
• Equality
• Non-discrimination
• Universality
• Interdependency
• Indivisibility
• Inalienability
• Responsibilities
The rights that
someone has simply
because he or she is
a human being &
born into this world.

5. RIGHTS – moral power to hold (rights to life, nationality, own
property, rest and leisure), to do (rights to marry, peaceful
assembly, run for public office, education), to omit
(freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading
punishment, freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention or
exile) or to exact something (equal protection of the law,
equal access to public service, equal pay for equal work)
HUMAN RIGHTS coined by Eleanor Roosevelt to replace
Rights of Man
NATURE – Human rights are more than legal concepts: they
are the essence of man. They are what make man
human. That is why they are called human rights; deny
them and you deny man’s humanity (Jose Diokno)
HUMAN RIGHTS

6. Characteristics of Human Rights
Universal
Internationally guaranteed
Legally protected
Protects individuals and groups
Cannot be taken away
Equal and indivisible
Obliges States and State actors

7. 400 B.C.E. est. - Mo Zi founded Mohist School of Moral
Philosophy in China
Importance of duty, self-sacrifice, and an all-embracing respect
for others – “universally throughout the world”
300 B.C.E. est. – Chinese sage Mencious
Wrote on the “human nature” – “humans are fundamentally good,
but goodness needs to be nurtured”
300 B.C.E. est. – Hsun-tzu
Asserted “to relieve anxiety and eradicate strife, nothing is a
effective as the institution of corporate life based on a clear
recognition of individual rights”
Philosophical Visions:
Human Nature - A search for Common secular inquiry
and human reason

8. 1750 B.C.E. – King Hammurabi in Babylon
Necessary to honor broad codes of justice among people. Created one of
the earliest legal codes to govern behavior – “let the oppressed man come
under my statue” to seek equal justice in law
Ancient Egypt
Explicit social justice – “comfort the afflicted…refrain from unjust
punishment. Kill not…make no distinction between the son of a man of
importance and one of humble origin”
Early Sanskrit writings in Indian
Responsibility of rulers for the welfare of people. “Noone should be
allowed to suffer… either because of poverty or of any deliberate actions
on the part of others”
Philosophical Visions:
Human Nature

9. 300 B.C.E. – Ashoka of India
Freedom of worship and other rights of his subjects. Other leaders from
this area impartial justice and social equality and no castes should exist
since all are from one tree
16th century - Hindu philosopher Chaitanya
“There is only one caste – humanity”
Sikh leader Guru Gobind Singh
Proclaimed “recognize all the human race as one”
10th Century - Al-Farabi, an Islamic Philosopher
Wrote The Outlook of the People of the City of Virtue, a vision of moral society
in which all individual were endowed with rights and lived in love and
charity with their neighbors.
Philosophical Visions:
Human Nature with Spiritual/Religious Traditions

10. Greek Philosophers
Equal respect for all citizens (insotimia). Equality before the law
(isonomia). Equality in political power (isokratia) and Suffrage
(isopsephia).
Marcus Tillius Cicero
“Universal justice and law guided human nature to act justly and be of
service to others” – This natural law “binds all human society” together,
applies to every member of “the whole human race” without distinction
and unique dignity of each person.
French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762) “Man
is born free, but everywhere he is in chains”
Philosophical Visions:
Natural Law – focused on universal responsibilities
and duties rather than what are now described as rights

11. Precursors to 20th Century Human
Rights Documents
1750 B.C.E.
Code of Hammurabi, Babylonia
1200 - 300 B.C.E.
Old Testament
551 - 479 B.C.E.
Analects of Confucius
40 - 100 C.E.
New Testament
644 - 656 C.E.
Koran
1215
Magna Carta, England
1400
Code of Nezahualcoyotl, Aztec
1648
Treaty of Westphalia, Europe
1689
English Bill of Rights, England
1776
Declaration of Independence, United
States
1787
United States Constitution
1789
French Declaration on the Rights of
Man and the Citizen, France 1791 -
United States Bill of Rights

12. 1863: Emancipation Proclamation, United States
1864 & 1949: Geneva Conventions, International Red
Cross
1919: League of Nations Covenant, International
Labor Organization (ILO) Created
1920: Women gain the right to vote in the U.S.
1926: Slavery Convention
1945: United Nations Charter, San Francisco
1947: Mohandas Gandhi uses non-violent protests
leading India to independence.
19th and 20th Century Human Rights
based on Natural Rights

13. Legal basis - UN Charter
Sets the promotion of and respect for
human rights for all as one of the aims
of the UN
Establishes legal obligations for
Member States to take action to achieve
respect for human rights

14. Legal basis
Human rights Treaties
Conventions, Covenants
Declarations
Contain detailed lists and definitions of
human rights and obligations of the State

15. Five categories of Human Rights
Civil – the right to be treated as an equal to anyone
else in society
Political – the right to vote, to freedom of speech and
to obtain information
Economic – the right to participate in an economy
that benefits all; and to desirable work
Social – the right to education, health care, food,
clothing, shelter and social security
Cultural – the right to freedom of religion, and to
speak the language, and to practice the culture of
one’s choice

16. SOME CIVIL RIGHTS
Life
Belief in own religion
Opinion
Free speech
Non-discrimination according to sex
Marry
Race
Cultural background

17. SOME POLITICAL RIGHTS
Vote in elections
Freely form or join political parties
Live in an independent country
Stand for public office
Freely disagree with views and policies
of political leaders

18. SOME ECONOMIC RIGHTS
Jobs
Work without exploitation
Fair wage
Safe working conditions
Form trade unions
Have adequate food
Protection against labor malpractices

19. SOME SOCIAL RIGHTS
Housing
Education
Health services
Recreation facilities
Clean environment
Social security

20. SOME CULTURAL RIGHTS
Use own language
Develop cultural activities
Ancestral domains
Develop own kind of schooling