Formally define Human Wellbeing within the Open Standards Link to conservation targets via ecosystem services Socially beneficial results and human well being targets are not the same Goals for HWT

1. Human Wellbeing Targets
Proposed Guidance - for Review by CMP
Presenters: Daniel Hayden (Rare) & Caroline Stem of FOS
June 18, 2012
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2. Topics
• Refresher on accepted revisions to OS
• Review of key points in proposed guidance
• Discussion and next steps
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3. 1. Formally define Human Wellbeing within OS
2. Link to conservation targets via ecosystem
services
3. Socially beneficial results and human
wellbeing targets are not the same
4. Goals for HWT
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Accepted Revisions to OS

4. 1. Formally define Human Wellbeing within OS
Human wellbeing target definition: Aspects of human
wellbeing* that the project chooses to focus on. In the
context of a conservation project, human wellbeing
targets focus on those components of human wellbeing
affected by the status of conservation targets.
*Millennium Ecosystem Assessment defines human wellbeing
as including: 1) necessary material for a good life, 2) health,
3) good social relations, 4) security, and 5) freedom and
choice
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5. Leverage Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Language
& Categories:
• Don’t need to reinvent the wheel
• Broader appeal and buy-in by using internationally-
accepted framework
• Link to international funding mechanisms
• Not perfect but pros generally outweigh cons, can do
minor tweaks, as needed
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1. Formally define Human Wellbeing within OS

6. 6
1. Formally define Human Wellbeing within OS
If adding HWT, do so
in Step 1D, Complete
Situation Analysis

7. 2. Link to conservation targets via ecosystem
services
Human wellbeing – in the context of a conservation
project – is achieved via ecosystem services provided
by functioning conservation targets. For example:
Services that intact, functioning
ecosystems, species, and habitats
provide and that can benefit people
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8. Need to be clear about differences between social
benefits and HWT
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3. Socially beneficial results and human
wellbeing targets are not the same.

9. Need to be clear about differences between social
benefits and HWT
Result directly
benefiting humans
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3. Socially beneficial results and human
wellbeing targets are not the same.

10. 13
3. Socially beneficial results and human
wellbeing targets are not the same
Main Points:
• Conservation teams often work on important social
issues that have benefits beyond conservation (e.g.,
building capacity for good governance or promoting
alternative livelihoods)
• Such strategies provide social benefits, but these are NOT
equivalent to human wellbeing targets
• Human wellbeing targets represent the interests of
humans that will be enhanced or achieved as a result of
the conservation of an ecosystem, habitat, or species and
its associated ecosystem services

11. • Group’s reasoning: If we are going to call these
“targets,” they should be held to the same standard as
a conservation target.
• There is no obligation to include human wellbeing
targets, but if you do, you should have goals for them.
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4. Goals for HWT

12. 15
4. Goals for HWT
• Goal should be clearly dependent upon the status of
the conservation target(s) and/or the ecosystem
services they provide
• So, NO to goals related to reducing HIV infection or
decreasing cholesterol levels
• But, YES to goals related to access to food sources
because conserved biological targets are improving
crop pollination services

13. 1. Formally define Human Wellbeing within OS
2. Link to conservation targets via ecosystem
services
3. Socially beneficial results and human
wellbeing targets are not the same.
4. Goals for human wellbeing targets
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Accepted Revisions to OS

14. Topics
• Refresher on accepted revisions to OS
• Review of key points in proposed guidance
• Discussion and next steps
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15. Main Points in Guidance
1. Purpose
2. Defining HWB, ecosystem services,
relationships
3. Clarifying socially beneficial results & HWTs
4. Developing indicators for ecosystem services
5. Developing goals for HWTs
6. Showing trade-offs, feedback loops,
unintended consequences
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16. DRAFT Guidance - Section 2:
Defining HWB & Ecosystem Services
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17. Dimensions of HWB (acc to MA)
• Necessary material for a good life: including secure and adequate
livelihoods, income and assets, enough food at all times, shelter,
furniture, clothing, and access to goods;
• Health: including being strong, feeling well, and having a healthy
physical environment;
• Good social relations: including social cohesion, mutual respect,
good gender and family relations, and the ability to help others and
provide for children;
• Security: including secure access to natural and other resources,
safety of person and possessions, and living in a predictable and
controllable environment with security from natural and human-
made disasters; and
• Freedom and choice: including having control over what happens
and being able to achieve what a person values doing or being
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18. Human Wellbeing Targets
• Ultimate aim is conservation – HWB as it is
derived from or dependent upon conservation
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X

19. Ecosystem Services
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Type Definition Examples
Provisioning Products obtained from ecosystems Food, fuelwood, water, minerals,
pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, energy
Regulating Benefits obtained from regulation of
ecosystem processes
Carbon sequestration, climate
regulation, waste decomposition,
water/air purification, crop pollination,
pest control
Supporting Services necessary for production of all
other ecosystem services
Nutrient dispersal & cycling, seed
dispersal, soil formation
Cultural Non-material benefits obtained from
ecosystems through spiritual
enrichment, cognitive development,
reflection, recreation, and aesthetic
experiences
Cultural diversity, spiritual & religious
values, knowledge systems,
educational values, inspiration
Framework is for brainstorming! Actual categories do not matter – just clarity on
what an ecosystem service is
Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
The services that
intact, functioning
ecosystems, species,
and habitats provide
and that can benefit
people

20. Relationships
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21. Box 1 - Mapping Partner’s Work
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Only for
communications
purposes

22. DRAFT Guidance - Section 3:
Clarifying Socially Beneficial Results
and Human Wellbeing Targets
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23. Case 1: HWB enhanced via
socially-oriented strategy
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Result directly
benefiting
humans
Specific Example
General Relationship

24. Case 1: HWB enhanced via
socially-oriented strategy
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Conservation Strategy Results benefiting humans (and necessary for
achieving conservation)
Alternative livelihoods Increased income
Diversified income sources
Eco-certification Access to niche markets
Increased income
Sustainable resource
management/ extraction
Improved ability to manage resources sustainably
Increased yields (in some cases)
Improving governance Increased ability to influence decision making
Empowerment
Capacity building, technical
assistance
Improved technical skills
Improved ability to manage
Environmental education Increased knowledge and awareness

25. Case 2: HWB enhanced via
ecosystem services
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Specific Example
General Relationship
Ecosystem service
results contributing to
human wellbeing

26. Case 3: HWB enhanced via
multiple avenues
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Specific Example
General Relationship
Result directly
benefiting humans
Ecosystem service
results contributing to
human wellbeing
Result also contributing to
human wellbeing

27. DRAFT Guidance - Section 4:
Developing Indicators for
Ecosystem Services
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28. 2 Steps for Identifying Indicators
1. Review conservation target indicators
2. Identify new indicators not covered under
the conservation targets
Main message: keep it simple, use what you
have
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29. 1. Review Conservation Target
Indicators
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30. 2. Identify New Indicators
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31. Implications for Threat Ratings
Keep in mind ecosystem services a conservation
target provides when doing threat rating (but no
formal criterion)
Doing so can drive home the relevance of the
threat
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32. DRAFT Guidance - Section 5:
Developing Goals for Human
Wellbeing Targets
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33. Conditions When Teams
Should Set Goals
• Required to show human benefits (e.g., statutory, funding)
• Organization has higher level mission and/or goals and
objectives related to human wellbeing;
• Stakeholders want to see change in HWB (won’t be
satisfied with simply showing the conceptual linkages);
• Can increase support for efforts and broaden conservation
impact by measuring human wellbeing benefits;
• Failure to set human wellbeing goals will undermine a
team’s ability to achieve its conservation goals; and/or
• Team has resources to invest in setting and monitoring
goals for human wellbeing.
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34. Conditions When Teams
Should NOT Set Goals
• Stakeholders have an interest in HWB but are comfortable
with just understanding the conceptual linkages;
• Team is working with a narrow group of stakeholders
whose main interest is biodiversity conservation;
• Team does not have funding or legal requirements to show
human wellbeing impact; and/or
• Most importantly, it has limited resources –setting and
monitoring human wellbeing goals would compromise
team’s ability to implement its project well and monitor
biodiversity results.
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35. Criteria for HWB Goals
• Linked to a human wellbeing target;
• Directly dependent on ecosystem services
provided by conservation targets;
• Does not compromise the ability of
conservation targets to adequately deliver any
ecosystem service; and
• Time limited, measurable and specific (like
conservation goals)
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36. Example Goals*
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* New material
Goals:
Attribute: Security from natural disasters
Attribute: Reliable access to natural
areas/wildlife in good condition
Attribute: Access to clean water in
sufficient quantity
By 2030 and thereafter, at least 90% of
nature tourism companies indicate
they have sufficient good quality
wildlife and habitat to draw in tourists
By 2030 and thereafter, fewer than 10
cases of water-borne diseases are
recorded annually within the region
By 2030 and thereafter, damage to
homes and farms from drought and
flooding has decreased by at least 75%,
compared to 2010 levels

37. Caution on Key Attributes
Teams should be aware of potential tensions
between maximizing human wellbeing goals and
what that means for conservation and
ecosystem services
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38. 41
Indicator: # cases of water-borne diseases
recorded annually within the region
Indicators:
Annual $ value of damage to homes from flooding
Annual $ value of damage to farms from drought
and flooding
Indicator: % nature tourism companies indicating
sufficient quality wildlife and habitat
By 2030 and thereafter, damage to
homes and farms from drought and
flooding has decreased by at least 75%,
compared to 2010 levels
By 2030 and thereafter, at least 90% of
nature tourism companies indicate
they have sufficient good quality
wildlife and habitat to draw in tourists
By 2030 and thereafter, fewer than 10
cases of water-borne diseases are
recorded annually within the region
Indicator: average daily
cubic meters released by
dry and wet season
Indicator: Abundance of
blue-billed ducks in
tourism areas
Indicator: Fecal coliform
concentration (in dry &
wet seasons)
Example Goals & Indicators*
* New material

39. DRAFT Guidance - Section 6:
Showing Trade-offs, Feedback Loops,
and Unintended Consequences in
Results Chains
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40. Definitions & Examples
Feedback loops illustrate how an event or result in a chain loops
back into a system, either reinforcing and amplifying the
relationship (positive feedback) or dampening the relationship
(negative feedback).
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Negative feedback loop

41. Definitions & Examples
An unintended consequence is a result that was not envisioned
as part of the original action or strategy. Can be positive or
negative. Broader than feedback loops
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Unintended
negative consequence

42. Definitions & Examples
An unintended consequence is a result that was not envisioned
as part of the original action or strategy. Can be positive or
negative. Broader than feedback loops
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Unintended
positive consequence

43. Definitions & Examples
A trade-off involves a situation where one aspect (or result) is
favored at the expense or partial expense of another. It implies a
decision is made with an understanding of the costs and
benefits.
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Tradeoff

44. Guidance on Feedback Loops,
Unintended Consequences, Tradeoffs
• Doesn’t matter if you classify them right – just
a framework for helping to think about them
• Only show them when there is a high
likelihood that you might see these situations
and should have them in mind for monitoring
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45. Topics
• Refresher on accepted revisions to OS
• Review of key points in proposed guidance
• Discussion and next steps
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46. Discussion/ Next Steps
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