Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly comparing adjacent pairs of elements and swapping them if they are in the wrong order. It is a comparison-based algorithm with a worst-case and average time complexity of O(n^2), occurring when the array is reverse sorted. The best-case time complexity is O(n) when the array is already sorted. The algorithm sorts the array 8 9 6 1 3 4 7 by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are out of order.