2. Definition
The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) is
the service responsible for receiving, storing,
processing, distributing and controlling the
professional supplies and equipments(both
sterile and non sterile) for all user unit of
hospital for the care and safety of patient under
strict quality control.
3. It is an important facility of hospital that supplies
sterile instruments and materials for dressing
and procedures carried out in ward and other
departments of hospital.
CSSD has a great role in reducing Hospital Acquired
Infection (HAI)
4. Normally the following types of article are entertained
by CSSD:
-Diagnostic sets like L.P set, Sternal Puncture set etc
-Treatment sets like Cut down sets, aspiration set etc.
-Dressing materials
-OT linen &instruments
-Rubber Gloves, Catheters,
-IV sets &infusionsets
5. History &
Development
The development of concept of sepsis was coined by
Lister and Koch as a result of discovery of
microorganism. With this discovery, the need for
aseptic technique in handling and sterilizing the
equipment used in surgery and medicine was felt for
the careof patient.
The mordern concept of CSSD was derived during
ssecond world war.
6. 1928
• American College of Surgeon first started CSSD in their
Hospital
1955
• Cambridge Military Hospital
1958
• Belfast
--
• Actual development took when Nuffield Provincial Hospital
Trust (UK), a central Health council began to take interest
Now
• CSSD is an integral part of every hospital
7. AIMS &
OBECTIVES
Aims:
To provide the safe and sterile supplies to all the user unit of hospital.
Objectives:
To provide efficient, economic and uniform source of sterile supply for the care
and treatment of sick
To assist purchase department for decision making and selection of goods.
To assist management of hospital in standardization of good
Cleaning ,Packaging ,labeling and dating of material
To supply equipments to highly specialized units.
To educate students, Nurse and ancillary persons
To save nursing time at nursing station
To participate effectively in Hospital infection control committee.
Applied research for improvementtechniques.
8. Physical
Facility
Location: Should be ideally located in close
proximity to Casualty, ward, OT and labor room for
effectiveness and efficiency. The location should
have adequate supply of water, both hot and
cold, steam, compressed air and three phase
electricity.
9. No. of Beds Space Requirement
75-99 Beds 10sq. ft per bed
100-149 Beds 9 sq. ft perbed
150-200 8.5 sq ft. perbed
200-249 8 sq. ft. perbed
250-299 7.5 sq ft. per bed
More than 300 7 sq. ft. per bed
Space requirement: The minimum area in sq. ft required
per bed as recommended (Giford, DL-1963)
10. Floor Space requirement: (Acc. To Committee on Plan
Project)
Facility Bed Strength
50 100 200 500 750 1000
GENERAL Space in Sq.Feet
1.Admin. Office 120 120 120 120
2.Store Room
(unsterile)
120 240 160 240 240 240
STERILIZATION
UNIT
1.Reception &
Washup Area
120 120 180 180 240 240
2.Checkup &
Assembly
180 180 240 240 320 320
3.Autoclave
Room
80 80 120 120 160 160
4.Storage &Issue 120 120 180 180 240 240
Total: 620 740 1000 1080 1320 1320
11. Total space is functionally divided into foll0wing areas:
Receiving and clean up area-10%
Clean work area including area for sterilization-30%
Unsterile storagearea=15%
Sterile storage area-16%
Syringe needle and instrument processing and sterile
area-12%
Glove processing area-5%
Office room/ rest room/gauze/dressing assembly-14%
12. Staffing
Supervisor of CSSD
CSSD Technician
Clerks
Assistant orHelper
Messenger
Staff strength varies from hospital to hospital
depending upon bed strength and work load.For 30
bedded hospital 1supervisor and CSSD worker is
recommended(1961)
13. Work flow of
CSSD
The functional area should be clearly differentiated
and there should be no cross by work flow, particularly
the sterile and contaminated good.
CSSD layout should be designed for unidirectional
flow. and have four zone for smooth workflow i.e
1.Unclean and washing area, 2. Assembly and packing
area, 3. Sterilization area 4 .The sterile area
Arrangement of the work area may differ with each
institution but flow of material will essentially be the
same as given in the following chart.
15. Operation
1.Rinsing
2.Cleaning:manually or ultrasound washer
3.Drying:manually or in natural way
4.Inspection and assembly: Damaged item should be
condemned ,repairable should be repaired then
assembled
5.Packaging: done with linen/draper after drying and
assembling
6.Labeling:Done for identification. Date, contents,
identification number, bar codes, initial of person who
carried out sterilization, initial of packers are used
16. living microorganisms
including bacteria, Fungi, Virus
etc. This process is carried out
through sterilizers.
1.Heat Sterilization
Dry Heat Sterilization
Steam Sterilization
2.ETO (Ethylene Oxide Sterilization)
3.Chemical Sterilization
4.Radiation Sterilization (Gamma)
17. Heat
Sterilization
1.Dry Heat Sterilization:
In conventional Hot air oven, sterilization is carried
out at 160 degree C for 1hour. The most suitable article
for DHS is glass wares, particularly glass syringe, But
nowadays use of glass syringe has become obsolete.
Another article is cutting edge instrument, Articles
with oil, paraffins are also suitable for this sterilization
as dry heat can penetrate all kind of materials.
18.
19. Steam
Sterilizer
It is most commonly used sterilizer because it is safe
,inexpensive and time saving. There should be proper
coordination between pressure, temperature and time .
Articles are subjected to sterilize in 121degree Celsius in 10-
15minutes and 134degree Celsius in 3 minutes in 20 PSI
pressure.
The outer layer of microorganism is softened by steam
which coagulates internal portion of organism. In this way
steam sterilization is effective against microorganism.
Machine is operated either by supply of steam through a
boiler or by inbuilt electrical steam generator.
They are used for sterilization of glass wares, container,
vessel, linen, rubber articles, OT instruments etc.
23. ETO
Sterilization
It is carried out by use of ethylene oxide as biocide to
destroy bacteria , virus ,fungus and other
microorganism.
This method was developed by American army for
sterilizing articles, which are damaged by high
temperature, like plastic product and sensitive surgical
materials.
It is used for those materials that are heat and
moisture sensitive.
Since it is explosive, it is mixed with co2 or nitrogen
and supplied in a cartridge.
24. Delicate surgical instrument like cystoscope, heart
lung machine, bronchoscope, implants etc are
sterilized by this method.
Commonly used in tertiary level hospital for
sterilization of costly and sensitive materials.
The disadvantage of ETO is that it is expensive and
takes a longer time and requires constant
bacteriological testing of eachload.
25.
26. Chemical
sterilization
This is an absolute process where spores are
also eliminated with microorganisms.
Chemical sterilization is typically used for devices
that would be sensitive to the high heat used in
steam sterilization, and for devices that may be
damaged by irradiation (rubbers and plastics can
become more brittle afterirradiation.)
27. Chemicals Used for Sterilization or Disinfection
Glutaraldehyde and Formaldehyde
Orthophtaldehyde
Superoxide water
Rapid read ourethylene
Endo cleans (liquidsterilzers)
Halogens
28. Gamma Radiation
Sterilizer
Gamma rays are used for sterilization of articles.
Useful for sterilizationof disposables.
It has high reliability, high degree of penetration and
diverse shape article can also be sterilized
Its limitation of used is due to high cost.
29. Distribution from Sterile
store
Four major system of distribution
1.Topping up: Each department set predetermined stock
level for each user and distributing routinely with record.
2.Clean for dirty exchange: one clean article for each dirty is
exchanged
3.Regular complete stock issue: demand for box, trolley,
basket containing article for need for specific period.
4.Ordinary order system :straight forward ordering system of
user in order to keep their local store full.
