3. History:
In 1998, the real IoT was touched by Mark Weiser, who
developed a water fountain that was amazing and delightful to
everyone who saw it. It rose and fell respectively according to
the pricing trends and the volume of stock on the NYSE.
But the actual term “Internet of Things” was coined
by Kevin Ashton in 1999 during his work at Procter&Gamble.
Ashton viewed radio-frequency identification (RFID) as
essential to the Internet of things.
Because the internet was the new trend in 1999 and because
it some how made sense, he called his presentation “Internet
of Things (IoT)”.
4. Introduction :
IoT is a technology having potential to penetrate every aspect of our live.
Everything around us is going smart and intelligent.
IoT is essentially a seamless connected network of embedded objects/devices, with identifiers, in
which Machine-to-Machine(M2M) communication without any human intervention.
It’s possible using standard and interoperable communication protocols.
The Internet of things has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies such as:
real-time analytics machine learning commodity sensors embedded systems.
Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation
(including home and building automation), and others all contribute to enabling the Internet of
things.
On Indian context, the various initiatives proposed to be taken under the Smart City concept and the
Digital India Program to setup Digital Infrastructure in the country would help boost the IoT industry
5. IoT Policy:
The Internet of Things (IoT) fed by sensors, soon to number in the
trillions, working with intelligent systems in the billions, and involving millions of applications.
The Internet of Things will drive new consumer and business behavior
that will demand increasingly intelligent industry solutions, which, in turn, will drive trillions of
dollars in opportunity for IT industry and even more for the companies that take advantage of the
IoT.
The number are-
connected devices (12.5 billion) surpassed the number
of human beings (7 billion) on the planet in 2011.
India's IoT industry is booming, with 5.04 billion devices
installed in 2023 and an estimated 50 billion by 2030.
6.
7. IoT in India:
According to Zinnov, a leading global management and strategy consulting firm, released the findings
from its latest study titled, "India - Emerging Hotbed of IoT Opportunities".
Zinnov’s estimation was that the IoT investments in India - close to USD 5 Billion in 2019,
expected to triple to touch ~USD 15 Billion by 2021
across both technology products and services components.
In 2015, the Government of India had formulated a Draft IoT Policy with a vision to develop connected
and smart IoT based system for our country's economy, society, environment and global needs.
This Policy launched
1. Smart City project - in 100 smart cities in the country, ~ INR 7,060 crores.
(The proposed smart cities shall consist of smart homes, smart parking, smart phone
detection, smart transportation, smart roads and smart lighting)
(Sagar : Safest city to live In India by sources )
2. Digital India Program aims to transform the Indian society into a digitally empowered
society and boost the IoT industry.
MeitY has approved Rs 436.87 Crore for implementation of the Project Titled FutureSkill PRIME
which aims to create an ecosystem reskilling/upskilling ecosystem in ten emerging and futuristic
technologies including IoT.
NIELIT Aurangabad has been approved as Co-lead resource centre in IoT.
8. Revenue in the Internet of Things
market is projected to
reach US$27.31bn in 2023.
Industrial IoT dominates the market
with a projected market volume of
US$9.67bn in 2023.
9. Key Application Areas in India :
The IoT network includes digital machines, objects, tags, electronic devices, etc. each with unique identifiers
(UIDs). Some top IoT trends in India are:
1. Smart Cities: Smart Cities is everyone’s choice today. Thanks to IoT, Smart Cities will continue to expand
its reach with hi-tech technologies that will leverage data of IoT devices between entities.
IoT provides scope for better cities which entails smart lighting, automated parking,
environment sensible to check pollution levels, smart irrigation, waste generation, walkable
localities and smart homes to make better use of infrastructure, ensure the safety of
residents and help in the resource management efficiently.
2.Smart Factories: IoT can boost productivity by enabling automation and real-time data analytics and ensure
seamless operations with high-quality output by optimizing workflows and detecting errors
missed by the human eye. It can also help to save production time and track assets in the
factory and help consolidate control rooms.(IIoT 4.0)
3.Data-Driven Healthcare: Using IIoT, Healthcare service providers can access real-time data to remotely
monitor patients and mitigate the risk of diseases. As a result, the healthcare workforce can
focus more on research, learning, and patient fulfilment.
10. 4.Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI capabilities allows businesses to extract more value out of their
massive collection of data. AI will analyse the data collected through IoT devices in
various ways such as data preparation, visualization of streaming data, real-time
location, predictive analysis and so forth.
5.Data Processing with Edge Computing: Edge Computing stores data on a local device near the
IoT device, before sending it to the cloud that can be used for sorting and calculating
the data.
In the coming years, more organizations will adapt edge computing with affordable
edge devices as there will be less bandwidth consumption by IoT devices using
Edge Computing.
6.Smart Retail: Retail experience is getting smarter and better with utilization of RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification Tags) and use of IoT devices. By using IoT devices, store
managers can find out the way visitors spend their time in the stores, can track their
movements and analyse, and manage inventory well.
7.Fitness: Real-time data from fitness trackers and health devices can provide qualitative life by
monitoring health conditions like blood pressure, blood sugar level, heartbeat rate,
etc. In an emergency, healthcare smart devices can issue alerts to the concerned
person/department.
8.Telecommunications: In the future, the number of connected devices and IoT applications
will increase with 5G. This will redefine our lives in the hyper-connected zone.
11. Leading IoT initiatives in India
Some of the key initiatives on IoT taken by the Government of India (GoI) are as follows:
1.Draft IoT Policy 2015: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) launched
India’s first draft of IoT Policy Document in 2015 – a strong governance framework
for holistic implementation and execution of IoT-related policies
2.National Digital Communications Policy (NDCP) 2018: Addressing the problem of
communications and access of digital services in India
3.Smart Cities Mission (SCM) 2015: Launched in 2015 to drive economic growth and improve
quality of life by using technology as a means to create smarter outcomes
4.IoT Centre of Excellence (CoE) by NASSCOM, MeitY and ERNET: CoE is specifically
designed to help Indian IoT Start-ups to create market-leading products. CoE is
India’s largest deep tech innovation ecosystem.
5.IoT lab, a partnership between IIT Delhi and Samsung: MoU between IIT Delhi and
Samsung was signed in 2016, with the objective to enhance research capabilities
and industry collaboration in IoT space.
12. The List of Top 10 Internet of Things (IoT) Development Companies in India 2023
1. Hyperlink InfoSystem delivers the best Internet of Things apps to support smart initiatives from the various I
industries ranging from security to home automation to industrial IoT that can change business operations
and change people’s lives.
They develop smart connected products that provide the power of machine learning and advanced
analytics to help people become more effective; providing integrated services to deliver and manage IoT
services. Their highly skilled IoT developers have expertise in the IoT specific UI and UX that is
determined to deliver value and make sense to clients.
2. LTI (Larsen & Toubro Infotech Limited),Bombay is a global information technology services and consulting
company. LTI helps Hi-Tech companies innovate faster & operate in real-time by leveraging IoT for
vast business outcomes, including predictable yield & optimized cost. They imagine, forecast, and
optimize asset operations through a true physical-digital convergence and realize faster ROI.
3. HCL Tech : Provides the best IoT environment for businesses to start an IoT project. With an organized system,
the business's objectives are understood, and a fast ramp-up is provided to find your IoT needs and
solutions, speeding your time to market with smaller risks and no lock-ins.
13. 4. TCS, Mumbai : The company delivers various services like mobile apps, IoT, Blockchain, enterprise
apps, cloud solutions, automation & AI, & many more. The company founded in 1968 and
now runs in 149 locations across 46 nations.
5. Kellton Tech, Hyderabad : An Indian IT and outsourcing company having offices in the United States
and Europe. They offer cutting-edge services for digital transformation in the fields of
strategy, consulting, digital, and technology. The company registered net revenues of Rs.
7.39 billion with more than 1800+ employees..
6. TVS Next Private Limited : TVS next accelerates transformational results for clients using the
connected brilliance of engineering, intelligence, and experiences. Their thinking and in-
depth thoughts on the latest in technology matter the most.
7. VVDN Technologies : Their major goal is to assist international clients with their upcoming
technological innovations in the fields of 5G, wireless, AI/ML on vision-based solutions,
IoT, cloud, and apps. They have established R&D centers, testing lab infrastructure, and
top-notch production facilities in India to make this possible.
14. 8. Mphasis : At Mphasis, they develop a system for IoT-enabled blockchain-based automated
claims administration in the insurance sector. With the use of blockchain technology, the
problem detection, repair, and claims administration processes for IoT devices may all be
automated.
9. NTT DATA Services : Is a renowned leader in IT and business services including cloud, data,
and applications. NTT DATA is a trusted global developer of IT and company services in
India and Tokyo. They help clients transform via consulting, industry solutions, business
process services, digital & IT modernization, and managed services in over 50 countries.
10. HData Systems : is a place where ideas are celebrated and tenacity is praised. They support
their clients' breakthrough ideas with various development options, including Java
development. HData Systems' experienced staff has years of experience, competence,
and understanding of trending tools and technologies, which allows them to create
unique solutions.
15. IoT Architecture :
IoT solutions have become a regular part of our lives. From the smart-watch on your wrist to
industrial enterprises, connected devices are everywhere. Having things work for us is no longer
Science fiction (sci-fi) fantasy.
You tap the screen of your smartphone or say a word, and get immediate results.
A door automatically opens, a coffee machine starts grinding beans to make a perfect cup of
espresso while you receive analytical reports based on fresh data from sensors miles away.
But between your command and tasks fulfilled, there lies a large and mostly invisible
infrastructure, that involves multiple elements and interactions.
There is no single, agreed-upon IoT architecture. It varies in complexity and number of
architectural layers depending on a particular business task.
For example, the Reference Model introduced in 2014 by Cisco, IBM, and Intel at the 2014 IoT
World Forum has as many as seven layers. According to an official press release by Cisco forum
host, the architecture aims to “help educate CIOs, IT departments, and developers on deployment
of IoT projects, and accelerate the adoption of IoT.”
16.
17. Let’s peek behind the curtain to see how everyday magic works.
Major IoT building blocks and layers
18. But no matter the use case and number of
layers, the key building blocks of any IoT
structure are always the same, namely:
Smart Things;
Networks and Gateways enabling low-power
devices (which is often the case in IoT) to
enter the big Internet;
the Middleware or IoT platforms providing
data storage spaces and advanced computing
engines along with analytical capabilities; and
Applications, allowing end users to benefit
from IoT and manipulate the physical world.
19. The most popular protocols used in the IoT ecosystems are:
•DDS (the Data Distribution Service) which directly connects IoT things to
each other and to applications addressing the requirements of real-time
systems;
•AMQP (the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) aiming at peer-to-peer
data exchange between servers;
•CoAP (the Constrained Application Protocol), a software protocol designed
for constrained devices — end nodes limited in memory and power (for
example, wireless sensors). It feels much like HTTP but uses fewer resources;
•MQTT (the Message Queue Telemetry Transport), a lightweight messaging
protocol built on top of TCP/IP stack for centralized data collection from low-
powered devices.
20.
21. Edge or Fog Computing
Occurs on Gateways, local servers, or other edge nodes scattered across the
network.
At this level, data can be:
evaluated to determine if it needs further processing at higher levels,
formatted for further processing,
decoded,
filtered, and
redirected to an additional destination
22.
23. The connectivity between the physical layer and the cloud is achieved in two ways:
directly, using TCP or UDP/IP stack;
via gateways — hardware or software modules performing translation between different
protocols as well as encryption and decryption of IoT data.
Two key models of
connectivity between
physical and cloud levels
in IoT. Source: WSO2
24. Ethernet connects stationary or fixed IoT devices like security and video cameras,
permanently installed industrial equipment, and gaming consoles.
WiFi, the most popular technology of wireless networking, is a great fit for data-intensive
IoT solutions that are easy to recharge and operate within a small area. A good
example of use is smart home devices connected to the electrical grid.
NFC (Near Field Communication) enables simple and safe data sharing between two devices
over a distance of 4 inches (10 cm) or less.
Bluetooth is widely used by wearables for short-range communications. To meet the needs of
low-power IoT devices, the Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) standard was designed. It
transfers only small portions of data and doesn’t work for large files.
LPWAN (Low-power Wide-area Network) was created specifically for IoT devices. It provides
long-range wireless connectivity on low power consumption with a battery life of
10+ years. Sending data periodically in small portions, the technology meets the
requirements of smart cities, smart buildings, and smart agriculture (field monitoring).
ZigBee is a low-power wireless network for carrying small data packages over short distances.
The outstanding thing about ZigBee is that it can handle up to 65,000 nodes. Created
specifically for home automation, it also works for low-power devices in industrial,
scientific, and medical sites.
Cellular networks offer reliable data transfer and nearly global coverage. The two cellular standards
are
LTE-M (Long Term Evolution for Machines) Communicates directly with the
cloud and exchange high volumes of data.
NB-IoT or Narrowband IoT uses low-frequency channels to send small data
packages.
25.
26. Challenges in Securing IoT
The rise in demand of IoT-connected devices and IoT app development comes with various security
challenges. The whole security of an IoT network depends on a single device in the chain. If one of
the devices gets breached, it compromises the entire security of every other device connected to
this chain. This could easily compromise the safety of the whole network.
Very few manufacturers consider the security issues associated with data access & IoT devices.
Data Security Council of India (DSCI) identifies following issues in securing IoT:
28. END
Thank you!
@rampathak
Dr. Ram Kumar Pathak,M.Sc.Maths, M.P.A.,M.C.A.M.Phil.(CS),Ph.D.(Mgt),Free Lanser, SAG, Sagar,Ex Systems Analyst ,Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.)
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Dr Ram K Pathak
Ph.D.,M.Phil.,MCA,M.Sc.,M.P.A. & DPoM
Former Sr. System Analyst
DR Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya
(Central University)
Sagar 470-003 (m) 94-2546-8991
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Dr. Ram Kumar Pathak,M.Sc.Maths, M.P.A.,M.C.A.M.Phil.(CS),Ph.D.(Mgt),Free Lanser, SAG, Sagar,Ex Systems Analyst ,Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.)
