Country Infrastructure of Senegal.

1. SENEGAL
By:
DON PAUL
1603305018
MBA – ITL
Batch: 2016 - 18

2. INTRODUCTION
• Officially known as the Republic of Senegal.
• A country on Africa’s West coast.
• Has a rich French colonial heritage and many natural attractions.
• Economic & Political Capital : Dakar
• Country code : +221
• Currency : West African Communaute Financiere Africaine(CFA) Franc [XOF]
• Located between latitudes 120 and 170 N and longitudes 110 and 180 W.
• Total area : 196,722 sq.km
– Land : 192,530 sq.km
– Water : 4,192 sq.km
• Population : 14,668,522 (July 2017 est.)
• GDP (nominal) : $16.172 billion (2017 est.)
• Per capita : $2,733 (2017 est.)
• Major Languages : French (official), Wolof
• Major Religion : Islam

3. • Bordered by
– Mauritania in the North
– Mali to the East
– Guinea to the Southeast
– Guinea-Bissau to the Southwest
– Externally bounded by Atlantic Ocean to the West.
– The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the
banks of the Gambia river, which separates the southern region of
Casamance from the rest of the country.
– Also shares maritime border with Cape Verde

6. • This column is intended to indicate the status of the entry by a 2-
character code, e.g. whether approved by Government, by Customs, or
based on a user requirement not necessarily recognised by an
authority, etc. It is also intended to show the status of checking, e.g.
that function indicators are not verified.

7. INFRASTRUCTURE
• Infrastructure in Senegal is on its way to being efficient and up-to-date.
• Senegal currently spends $911 million on infrastructure each year, almost 11%
of its GDP, but $312 million is wasted due to inefficiencies of various kinds,
associated mainly with underpricing in the power and water sectors, poor
financial management of utilities, and inefficient allocation of resources across
sectors.
• According to the World Bank, Senegal cannot meet standards of efficiency
because it has an annual funding gap of $578 million which could be closed by
increased investment by the private sector.
• According to the World Bank’s Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which
assesses the “competitiveness landscape” of a country’s economy, Senegal
was ranked 112 with a score of 3.74 for the 2016-2017 year.
• The score is also an indicator of the level of transport, electricity, water and
information-and-communication-technology (ICT) sectors.
• A number of developmental agencies, such as the African Development Bank
(AFDB) have projects in Senegal.

8. Senegal’s competitiveness performance
Source: WEF, 2016-17

9. Transport and Urban Mobility Project
• The development objectives of the Transport and Urban Mobility Project
for Senegal are to:
– (i) improve effective road management, maintenance, and safety, both
at national level and in urban areas; and
– (ii) help improve safety, efficiency, and environmental quality of public
transport in the Greater Dakar Area (GDA).

11. Road Transport
• Senegal’s severe traffic congestion has for years caused commuters
headaches, and has hampered the delivery of goods across the West African
country.
• Economists estimate that poor road infrastructure costs Senegal about 4.6
percent of its annual gross domestic product.
• To help Senegal improve its transport infrastructure and boost its economy, IFC
and the World Bank, in partnership with Senegal’s government and Eiffage, a
construction and concessions company, created a public-private partnership to
build a landmark toll road connecting Dakar to other parts of the country.
• IFC served as global coordinator for the 230 million euro toll road project,
which, when complete, will run 25 kilometers from Diamniadio to Dakar,
creating a new and efficient gateway to the country’s capital and economic
center.
• IFC provided 22.5 million euros in long-term debt facilities alongside 40 million
euros in long-term financing from the West African Development Bank, the
African Development Bank, and CBAO, a Senegalese commercial bank.

12. • The World Bank played a key role in structuring the innovative toll road
concession, the first of its kind in West Africa.
• Sanjivi Rajasingham, World Bank Transport Sector Manager for the Africa
Region, said, “The private sector has a key role to play in accelerating the
development of infrastructure in Africa, and the World Bank Group is
committed to helping governments leverage their role for the benefit of
citizens”.
• The existing network of 16,496 km of roads is adequate to provide basic
regional, national, and international connectivity, linking Dakar to
international border crossings and provincial capitals in the interior.
• This is generally true even if Senegal’s road density indicators, both for
classified and total network, are lower than African averages for low- and
middle-income countries
• Paved: 5,957 km (includes 72 km of expressways)
• Unpaved: 10,539 km (2017)

13. Senegal’s Road Indicators
Source: Gwilliam and others 2008. Derived from the AICD national database
(www.infrastructureafrica.org/aicd/tools/data). Note: *2009 data (AL).GIS = geographic information system; AADT =
average annual daily traffic.

14. Rail Transport
• Senegal has a binational railway line (between Dakar and Bamako), jointly
owned with Mali, which is part of one of the main West African transport
corridors.
• Senegal has 906 km of railway at 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) gauge.
• This is part of the Dakar–Niger Railway which crosses the border to Mali.
• The railway is operated by Transrail, managed by the Belgian
company Vecturis.
• Dakar–Saint-Louis railway
– This was the first railway line in French West Africa when it opened in
1885. It is now out of service.
• Train Express Regional
– This line is under construction in 2016 and will link Dakar with the new
international airport.

15. Train Express Regional
• The Train Express Regional (TER) is a proposed rail line in Senegal to
connect Dakar with the Blaise Diagne International Airport. It will be built
by French companies Engie and Thales.
• The contract is valued at €2 billion and has raised some criticism due to
the exhorbitant cost.
• Travel time between the city and the airport is expected to be under 50
minutes. The rolling stock will be Alstom's Coradia Polyvalent dual-mode
multiple units.
• The line will be built in two stages, with the first covering 36 km from the
city of Dakar to Diamniadio, while the second stage covering 19 km more
to the airport. Construction is expected to take 26 months beginning in
the third quarter of 2016, completion in late 2018.

17. Airport
• Senegal is an emerging hub and a major player in air transportation in West
Africa, ranking only second to Nigeria.
• Senegal’s air transport sector accounts for more than 2.6 million seats per year
across all traffic categories and has experienced rapid growth.
• The bulk of Senegal’s air transport market is international (around 85 percent
of total seats), excluding flights to Sub-Saharan and North Africa.
• Senegal’s position in the international air transport market has been
strengthened recently as security at the airport was certified by the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and rated satisfactory by the
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration/ International Aviation Safety Assessment
(FAA/IASA).
• The FAA rating has led to additional traffic from the United States, since Dakar
Airport is the only West African airport to have acquired such certification.

18. • Airports - with paved runways:
– total: 9
• over 3,047 m : 2
• 1,524 to 2,437 m : 6
• 914 to 1,523 m : 1 (2017)
• Airports - with unpaved runways:
– total: 11
• 1,524 to 2,437 m : 7
• 914 to 1,523 m : 3
• under 914 m : 1 (2013)
• Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 115,355
• Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 3,095,523 mt-km (2015)

20. Sea Ports
• Senegal has 531 km of coastline and shoreline.
• Has 8 Ports
– Port of Kaolack
– Port of Ziguinchor
– Port of Rufisque
– Port of Dakar
– M'Bao Oil Terminal
– Port of Karabane (Carabane)
– Port of Saint-Louis.
– Port of Lyndiane.

21. Port of Dakar
• The Port of Dakar is by far the most important port in Senegal and one of the most
important ports in West Africa.
• The Dakar port is predominately a hybrid tool port: its infrastructure and most of
its operations— including some frontline operations—remain in public hands.
• The Dakar port has transit traffic arrangements with Mauritania; in fact 25 percent
of that country’s import volume is moved by road from Dakar, in large part
because Mauritania’s port at Nouakchott cannot meet the sizable demand of the
country’s potential container transshipment traffic.
• The overall safety of maritime traffic improved significantly in the early 2000s, with
the adoption of an updated maritime code and improvements in navigation and
signaling equipment at the ports of Dakar, Kaolack, and Ziguinchor.
• A new 25-year concession contract was granted to Dubai Ports World on October
8, 2007. This concession includes the development and operation of the existing
container terminal as well as the building and operation of a new container
terminal at Port du Futur.

22. • It is also the ninth-largest port on the African continent.
• The port is one of the largest deep-water seaports along the West African coast.
• Its deep-draft structure and 640-foot-wide (200 m) access channel allows round-
the-clock access to the port.
• The port’s location at the extreme western point of Africa, at the crossroad of the
major sea-lanes linking Europe to South America, makes it a natural port of call
for shipping companies.
• The involvement of the private sector has improved the financial viability of the
Port of Dakar—handling costs have fallen substantially, particularly due to the
reduction of dwell times in the port.
• To put things in perspective, until 2000 Abidjan captured about 80 percent of all
transit traffic to and from Mali. From 2003 that figure had dropped to just 14
percent, as traffic was diverted to Dakar in Senegal, Lomé in Togo, and Tema in
Ghana.
• Dakar soon became the most important port for Mali, capturing one-third of its
traffic.

23. • Time to export and import is just one-third of the level of other Sub-Saharan
African countries and about the level of the Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD) countries.
• Costs of importing to Senegal are lower than the regional average, but 1.6
times the costs of importing to an OECD country.
• Costs of exporting from Senegal are now 25 percent lower than the Sub-
Saharan African average and at the same level as those faced by OECD
countries.
Costs of exporting and importing
Source: World Bank 2011a.
Note: SSA= Sub-Saharan Africa; OECD = Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

25. Utilities Infrastructure
• Water supply and sanitation in Senegal is characterized by a relatively high
level of access compared to the average of Sub-Saharan Africa.
• One of the interesting features is a public-private partnership (PPP) that has
been operating in Senegal since 1996.
• Between 1996 and 2014, water sales doubled to 131 million cubic meters per
year and the number of household connections increased by 165% to more
than 638,000.
• According to the World Bank, "the Senegal case is regarded as a model of
public-private partnership in sub-Saharan Africa".
• Total Fresh water withdrawal: 2.22 cu km/yr
• Fresh Water Withdrawal per capita: 190 cu m/yr

26. Access to Water and Sanitation in Senegal (2015)
Urban
(50% of the population)
Rural
(50% of the population)
Total
Water
'At least basic' definition 91% 63% 75%
House connections 75% 17% 46%
Sanitation
'At least basic' definition 66% 35% 48%
Sewerage 19% 2% 11%
• In 2015, 75% of the population of Senegal had access to an at least basic water source
and 48% had access to at least basic sanitation.
• Concerning water supply, there is a significant gap between urban areas (91%) access)
and rural areas (63%).
• For sanitation, access rates display a same significant gap between urban (66%) and
rural (35%) areas. In urban areas, 75% have access to water connections in their house or
yard and another 17% rely on water kiosks and standpipes.
• Concerning sanitation, only 19% of the urban population are connected to sewers while
another 60% are served by septic tanks or improved household-level latrines.
Source: Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF

27. • Energy Sector in Senegal
• Senegal's major source of electricity is mostly diesel and gas, with
an installed capacity of 731MW.
• Electricity generation, mainly on a
Build-Own-Operate (BOO) basis, is open to the
private sector.
• Senelec, the sole buyer, signs power purchase contracts
with independent power producers (IPPs).
• Electricity production
• The Manantali Dam in Mali generates some of Senegal's electricity needs.
• The General Electric/GTI Dakar IPP, which supplies approximately 20 percent of
Senelec’s electrical needs, was commissioned in 1998. It has an installed capacity
of 56 MW.
• On-line since January 2008, the second IPP Kounoune 1 – 67.5 MW - was partially
funded by the International Finance Corporation, with Mitsubishi and Matelec
S.A.L, a division of the Doumet group from Lebanon, as strategic partners.
• Some hydroelectricity generated from the Manantali Dam in Mali is split between
Senegal, Mali and Mauritania. Manantali has an installed capacity of 200 MW
dispatched as follows: 52% for Mali, 15% for Mauritania and 33% for Senegal
(66 MW).

28. • In 2016 another IPP operator, ContourGlobal commissioned an 88 MW
diesel power plant with Wartsila engines and a steam turbine at Cap des
Biches.
• Senegal’s national electricity access rate is relatively high (55 percent),
but this falls to below 30 percent in rural areas.
• The Government of Senegal has set targets to achieve 60 percent access
in 2017 and universal access in 2025.
• Rural electrification runs on a concessions program whereby ten distinct
rural electrification concession areas can be awarded to bidders in a
competitive tender.
• The energy sector has made remarkable progress with an average cut-off
time that has increased from 912 hours in 2011 to 72 hours in 2016.
• The Doing Business Report ranks Senegal in 162nd place out of 190
countries in getting electricity.

29. Time required to connect to electricity (days), 2009-16
Source: World Bank, 2016

30. Banking Infrastructure
• The financial system in Senegal is dominated by the banking sector.
• It is composed of 19 commercial banks concentrated in the three largest cities.
Banks make up about 90 percent of the financial system.
• The five largest banks account for 66 percent of assets and collect 79 percent of
deposits.
• A large number of microfinance institutions (MFIs; 234 establishments) supply
limited financial services targeting lower-income households. Although they cover
both urban and rural regions, about half of the sector’s activity is concentrated in
greater Dakar.
• Insurance companies (25) account for most of the remainder of the domestic
financial system.
• The banking sector is dominated by subsidiaries of French, Nigerian, Moroccan,
and pan-African banks (regional banking groups that are originally African).
Nonresidents also have stakes in banks majority-owned by residents.

31. • The government has minority stakes (ranging from about 10 to 25 percent of equity) in
a number of banks.
• MFIs represent a small but rising share of the Senegalese financial sector. MFIs focus on
basic services such as savings accounts and microcredit.
Senegal: Financial System Structure,
end-2011

32. Senegal: Evolution of the Bank and Nonbank Sectors

33. This is a list of commercial banks in Senegal:
• Attijariwafa Bank
• Bank of Africa Sénégal
• International Commercial Bank
• Banque Atlantique Sénégal
• Banque Régionale de Solidarité
• Banque de l'Habitat du Sénégal
• Société Générale de Banques au Sénégal (SG-BS)
• Ecobank Sénégal
• Banque Sénégalo-Tunisienne
• Crédit Lyonnais Sénégal
• Caisse Nationale de Crédit Agricole du Sénégal (CNCAS)
• Citibank Sénégal
• Compagnie Bancaire de l'Afrique Occidentale
• Banque Islamique du Sénégal
• Banque des Institutions Mutualistes d'Afrique de l'Ouest
• Banque Sahélo-Saharienne pour l'Investissement et le Commerce (BSSIC)
• Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie du Sénégal(BICIS)
• United Bank for Africa
• Banque Régionale des Marchés
• Banque de Dakar (BDK)

34. Information & Communication
Technology Infrastructure
• In Senegal, 83% of the population has a mobile telephone with 40% of these
being smartphones allowing users to access the internet. This has seen
tremendous growth in the country.
• In 2013 20.90% of the population was using the internet, compared to 1.9% in
Ethiopia or 12.30% in Ghana.
• At an average of 10% of GDP, Senegal’s ICT investments easily beat South
Africa, Kenya, Egypt, and the world average and as more of the population
gets online, the government is seeking to meet the demand whilst actively
growing the sector and fostering innovation within the country.
• In 2009, the government launched it’s own intranet resource centre which
allows it to use e-government to strengthen the use of Information Technology
and Communication (ICT) for the development of the country.

35. • In the first phase of education services, five universities were
interconnected with very high bandwidth, providing them the
opportunity to share their teaching resources via videoconferencing and
other distance learning techniques.
• This type of development in ICT has seen Senegal ranked 14th in Africa
by the 2017 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ICT
Development Index.
• There have also been high investments in the ICT education sector as
well, with the country getting gongs as a key provider of ICT skills.
• With around 90,000 well-educated students produced from tertiary
institutions in Senegal, it produces a large number of students with
excellent ICT skills.

37. Technology park
• A further step in this direction is the West African nation’s ambitious project to
create Africa’s version of silicon valley, located about 40km from the capital
Dakar. Work has already begun on the $120million “Diamniadio Technology
Park”, funded by the government and the African Development Bank
(AfDB), which will feature data and higher education centres.
• But ICT developments are not solely confined to the park. The Dakar Digital
City initiative, launched by the government in partnership with the country’s
leading mobile operator Tigo, established a free wifi zone at the capital’s
Independence square, with plans to establish more of them in big public
arenas all over the city.
• The digitisation of Senegal will also see developments take place in
Ndiass, Sebikotane, St. Louis and Ziguinchor.
• Technology hub Bantalabs have established offices in Dakar - the
company provides open source web development, consulting and training.
They also organise workshops and community events in Europe and West
Africa.
• CTIC Dakar,one of the leading technology business incubators in sub-Saharan
Africa, was also launched in the country in 2011.

38. • Facebook invests: Social media giant, Facebook, has also now set its
sights on Senegal – in order to launch Internet.org (a project aimed at
bringing Internet access to two thirds of the world that are not
connected) as well as more than a dozen free basic services within the
country.
• According to Facebook, the services will be available to Tigo SIM card
holders.
• Senegal is now the sixth country in Africa, and third country worldwide,
where Internet.org is available.
• The free basic services that will be available through Internet.org to
consumers with a Tigo SIM card will include: AccuWeather, BabyCenter &
MAMA, BBC News, BING, UNICEF, Ebola Info, Facebook, UNICED Facts for
Life, Girl Effect by Nike Foundation, Malaria No More, Messenger,
Wattpad, Wikipedia, Wiwisport, Dakaractu.com, Senjob.

39. • There are still areas the country needs to work on. Even though specific
legislation on cybercrime has been enacted, Senegal does not have an
official national cyber security strategy and, since there is no
educational and professional training program for raising awareness,
higher education and certification on cybercrime, this looks set to be a
long process.

40. Intellectual Property Infrastructure
• Senegal joined WIPO in 1970.
• Laws:
– Constitution / Basic Law
• Constitution of the Republic of Senegal of January 22, 2001 (as last amended
on February 1, 2012)
– Main IP Laws: enacted by the Legislature
• Law No. 2008-09 of January 25, 2008 on Copyright and Related Rights (2008)
– IP-related Laws: enacted by the Legislature
• Law No. 2008-08 on the Electronic Transactions(2008)
• Law No. 2008-11 on Cybercrime(2008)
• Law No. 2008-10 on the Orientation Law on the Information Society (2008)
• Law No. 2008-12 on the Protection of Personal Data(2008)
• Senegal Customs Code (Law No. 87-47 of December 28, 1987)
• Penal Code of Senegal (1965)
– IP Laws: issued by the Executive
• Decree N° 2004-733 of June 21, 2004 establishing a Public Registry of
Cinematography and Audiovisual Works (2001)

44. Logistics Performance Index (as on 2016)

45. Trade Statistics
• The main industries include food processing, mining, cement, artificial
fertilizer, chemicals, textiles, refining, imported petroleum, and tourism.

46. Senegal’s main export products (%), 2015
Source: Agence Nationale de Statistiques et de la démographie (ANSD), Note d’analyse du commerce extérieur,
2015

47. Source: Agence Nationale de Statistiques et de la démographie (ANSD), Note d’analyse du commerce
extérieur, 2015
Senegal’s main import products (%), 2015

48. Senegal’s global trade balance (US$bn), 2006-15
Source: UN Comtrade database, 2017

49. Senegal’s top markets for goods exports and imports, 2015
Source: UN Comtrade database, 2017

52. CONCLUSION
• Infrastructure in Senegal is much better than that in other developing
countries, but it still needs a lot of improvement.
• Most of this work cannot be completed without significant increases in
funding that will have to come from private and foreign investment.
• Senegal has the potential to raise its GCI score through improvements to
its infrastructure and should do what it can to garner more financial
support from other nations and independent organizations.

53. References
• https://borgenproject.org/infrastructure-in-senegal/
• https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/27256
• http://focusafrica.gov.in/Senegal_infrastructure_status.html
• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html
• https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/dp/2013/afr1305.pdf
• http://ports.com/browse/africa/senegal/
• http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-06-17-senegal-silicon-valley
• http://www.wipo.int/tisc/en/search/search_result.jsp?country_code=SN
• https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/scorecard/line/254/C/SEN/2016#chartarea
• https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/senegal
• http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-
2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf
• http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/news_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/news
+and+events/news/senegal_toll_road
• https://www.ssatp.org/sites/ssatp/files/annual_meetings/2017/Presentations/PillarA/Port%
20Performance%20Indicators%20-%20EN.pdf
• http://commerce.nic.in