Issues of child health in Bangladesh.pptx

UNIT: II
ISSUES OF CHILD
HEALTH IN
BANGLADESH
Mrs. D. Melba Sahaya Sweety RN,RM
PhD Nursing , MSc Nursing (Pediatric Nursing), BSc Nursing
Associate Professor
Department of Pediatric Nursing
Enam Nursing College, Savar,
Bangladesh. 1

INTRODUCTION
• After its liberation in 1971, Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in
reducing the prevalence of underweight children, lowering the infant
mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio, improving immunization
coverage and reducing the incidence of communicable diseases.
• The child mortality went down from 221 deaths per 1000 live-birth in
1972 to 38 deaths per 1000 live-births in 2019. Though it is declining,
Bangladesh still is far behind in ending preventable deaths of newborn
and under five children to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal
(SDG) of 3.2
2

BASIC INDICATORS OF
BANGLADESH
Demographic Value Year of data
Total population 168,5,29,075 6th Nov 2022
Children in total population Under 14 years 26.75% 2020
Total under-5 population 14 328 000 2020
Total adolescent population (10–19 years) 30 674 000 2020
Women in reproductive age group (15–49 years) 46 216 000 2019
Annual number of births 2 913 000 2019
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.3 2019
Sex ratio (M/F) x 100 100.2/100.0 2019
Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 15–
19 years)
83 2019
Births registered (%) 56 % 2019
Life Expectancy
Male
Female
73.6 years
71.8 years
75.6 years
2020
3

BASIC INDICATORS OF
BANGLADESH
Country Profile Value Year of
data
GNI (PPP) per capita 6960 2021
Percentage of population
below international poverty
line
20.5 % 2019
Improved sanitation 85 2019
Hand washing facility with
soap and water
75 2019
Percentage of population
using safely managed drinking
water services
99 2019
4

 Under-5 population 9%
 Total adolescent population 19%
 Women in reproductive age group 28%
 Total fertility rate 2.3
 Adolescent birth rate 83 per 1000
population
 Births registered 56%
BASIC INDICATORS OF
BANGLADESH
5

STATUS OF
CHILD HEALTH
IN BANGLADESH
6

• Introduction: In the Developing country like Bangladesh has
low per capita expenses on health care at Gross Domestic Product
3.35%, which places women and children at high risk for health as
well as quality of life problems. The major health problems faced
by child health are Low birth weight, Malnutrition, Infections and
parasitic infestations, and Accidents and poisoning and Behavioral
problems.
CHILD HEALTH PROBLEM
IN BANGLADESH
7

•Low birth weight : The major cause of LBW are Poor nutritional status of
pregnant mothers and early pregnancies and intra uterine growth retardation . Low-birth-
weight babies, who comprise 13.2 per cent of all births, have less chances of survival and
development. When they do survive, they are more prone to disease, growth retardation and
impaired mental growth. WHO estimated that globally about 17 % of all live babies are low
birth weight babies.The risks may apply more to adolescent mothers, because 29 per cent of all
Bangladeshi girls are malnourished and severely lack essential elements for proper body
functioning. 44% reduction in prevalence of LBW between 2012–2013 and 2019
•Malnutrition : Malnutrition in childhood and pregnancy has many adverse
consequences for child survival and long-term well-being. It also has far-reaching
consequences for human capital, economic productivity, and national development
overall.
IN BANGLADESH
8

•In Bangladesh, where 28 percent of children under five years are stunted (have low
height-for-age) and 10 percent are acutely malnourished or wasted (have low weight-
for-height) (BBS and UNICEF Bangladesh 2019) Bangladesh has made strides in
reducing the prevalence of stunting nationally, falling from 41 percent in 2011 to 28
percent in 2019 Stunting is highest in the Sylhet division at 38 percent and lowest in
Khulna at 21 percent, and is most prevalent among children 24–35 months.
•The prevalence of micronutrient (MN) deficiencies remains high and constitutes a
major public health problem in Bangladesh 20.5% of pre-school age children are
vitamin A deficient ,zinc deficiency affects 45 percent of preschool children; and 51
percent of children under-five suffer from anaemia.
•The most frequent nutritional deficiency states are protein – energy malnutrition,
vitamin – a deficiency, nutritional anemia, Iodine deficiency etc.,
IN BANGLADESH
9

IN BANGLADESH
•Infections and Parasitic infestations : These are very common in
children. The leading childhood infections are diarrhea, respiratory infections,
measles, tuberculosis, pertussis, poliomyelitis, neonatal tetanus and diphtheria. AIDS
is the emerging life threatening infection and children are innocent victims of this
condition.
•Besides these infections like meningitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, typhoid fever,
urinary tract infection are also commonly found in children.
•Malaria and intestinal parasitosis including round worm, hookworm, tape worm,
giardiasis and amebiasis are frequently seen in children due to poor environmental
sanitation, inadequate hygienic measures, unhygienic food and unsafe water.
10

IN BANGLADESH
•Accidents and poisoning : In Bangladesh accidents are frequent
common among children especially the home accidents like fall, burns and poisoning
due to inefficient child rearing practice. Outdoor accidents are also increasing
especially road traffic accidents.
•Behavioral Disorder: These are other increasing child health problems
due to disturbances in family relationship, inadequate parent child interaction, broken
family, lack of education, inappropriate socioeconomic support and situational unrest.
juvenile delinquencies, educational backwardness, habit disorders, personality
problems, emotional disturbances, sexual promiscuity and psychosomatic illnesses
are frequently observed in children now a days.
11

CAUSES OF CHILD HEALTH PROBLEM
IN BANGLADESH
Poverty
Poor Nutrition
Child Labor
Poor sanitation and
water
Child
Marriage
12

CHILD HEALTH STATUS
IN BANGLADESH
Crude birth rate 17. 067 per 1000
population
2021 UN
Crude death rate 5.534 per 1000
population
2022 UN
Mortality Indicators
Infant mortality rate 22.6 per 1000 live
births
2022 UN
Under five mortality rate 29.1 per 1000 live
births
2020 UNICEF
Neonatal mortality rate 17 per 1000 live
births
2020 UNICEF
13

CHILD HEALTH STATUS
IN BANGLADESH
Still birth rate 24 per 1000 births 2019 UN
Adolescents Mortality rate 10 per 100,000
adolescents
2019 UN
Prevalence of LBW infants 15 % 2019 MICS
Percentage of children under age of
5 years whose births are registered
56.2% 2019 MICS
Completion rate for children of
primary school age
83% 2019 UNICEF
Breast feeding within one hour of
birth
47 % 2020 UNICEF
Exclusive breastfeeding (0-6
months)
63 % 2020 UNICEF
Continued Breast feeding (20 – 24
months)
84 % 2020 UNICEF
14

CHILD HEALTH STATUS
IN BANGLADESH
Demographic percentage Year of data
Prevalence of overweight/obesity among
children under 5 years (0–59 months)
2 2019 MICS
Coverage of vitamin A supplements for
children two dose
97 2020 UNICEF
No of children (aged 0 – 14 Yrs) receiving ART 230 cases 2020 UNICEF
Youth literacy rate for (15 – 24 Years) 94 2020 UNICEF
Completion rate of children for primary
school age
83 2020 UNICEF
Children aged 5 – 17 years engaged in child
labor
7 2020 UNICEF
Any mental disorder among children 13.6 2019
Neurodevelopmental disorders 5.9 2019
Autism 0.84 2019 15

CHILD HEALTH STATUS
IN BANGLADESH
Demographic Value (percentage) Year of data
Immunization Coverage
Valid full vaccination coverage by the age of
12 months
83.9 %
2019 EPI CES
(EPI CES 2016) 2016
BCG, OPV1, Penta1, PCV1 99.7
OPV2 , Penta2, PCV2 99.2
OPV3, Penta3 93.3
PCV3 92.5
MR1 88.6
Valid tetanus toxoid coverage (%) among women of childbearing
age:
TT1 98.2
TT2 96.8
TT3 89.2 16

CHILD HEALTH STATUS
IN BANGLADESH
Total Fertility rate 1.954 birth per women 2022 UN
Net reproduction rate (per woman of
15-49 years)
0.99 Rural: 1.15,
Urban: 0.82
2018 MHFW
Bangladesh
Urban population rate 64,768,559 (39%) 2021 UN
Urban and rural population rate 101,534,935 (61%) 2021 UN
Literacy rate 74.91 % 2020 UN
Health care spending per capita in
dollars
46 dollar 2019 UN
Antenatal care coverage (at least 4
visits) (%)
36.9 MICS 2019
Home delivery rate 46.1% MICS 2019
Institutional delivery rate (%) 53.8% MICS 2019 17

CHILD HEALTH STATUS
IN BANGLADESH
Total Fertility rate 1.954 birth per women 2022 UN
Net reproduction rate (per woman of
15-49 years)
0.99 Rural: 1.15,
Urban: 0.82
2018 MHFW
Bangladesh
Urban population rate 64,768,559 (39%) 2021 UN
Urban and rural population rate 101,534,935 (61%) 2021 UN
Literacy rate 74.91 % 2020 UN
Health care spending per capita in
dollars
46 dollar 2019 UN
Antenatal care coverage (at least 4
visits) (%)
36.9 MICS 2019
Home delivery rate 46.1% MICS 2019
Institutional delivery rate (%) 53.8% MICS 2019 18

INDICATORS OF
CHILD HEALTH
STATUS 19

INTRODUCTION
• Child health plays a vital role in the
development of a country. Measuring health is a
very complex issue -- there is no quick and easy
way to say whether a group of children are
healthy. The health status of the child is
completely depend upon the socioeconomic
status of the family, Nutrition, Health care
facility of the country, WASH facility, Maternal
health and nutrition etc,.,.
20

INDICATORS OF CHILD HEALTH
STATUS
INDICATORS
OF
CHILD
HEALTH
Poverty and Malnutrition
Health care Provision
Maternal Health
Empowerment of Women
Birth weight
Breast Feeding
Immunization
Assess to health care
Anemia
Environmental sanitation
21

STATUS
• Socioeconomic determinants play a major role in the health of young children. Improving sanitation
has been shown to have a significant effect on reducing child mortality. Poverty and malnutrition are
major problems in Bangladesh. Very often children experience poverty as the lack of shelter,
education, nutrition, water or health services In Bangladesh 20.5% of the population lived below the
national poverty line in 2019.The national estimate of the “new poor” remains high at 18.54 per cent
in May 2022.The purchase power parity below 3.20 dollar per day is 31.8 % ( 2021)
• Stunting affected growth of more than 30% or 4.3 million children under the age of five and 9%
were severely stunted in Bangladesh last year (2021), according to the latest estimate of child
malnutrition. The prevalence of wasted in 2019 among children is 9.8 % . In addition, 31 percent of
women and girls aged 15 to19 are undernourished.
• In 2020, an estimated 2.1% or 0.30 million children in the country were overweight, meaning they
were heavier than what is considered normal for their height, while it was just 0.7% or 0.11 million
in 2000. 22
Poverty and Malnutrition

STATUS
• The government provides Only 5.43% of total budget allocated for health sector in
the fiscal planning of 2022 – 2023.
• According to BIDA (Bangladesh Investment Development Authority) The healthcare
industry is dominated by private sector with high growth in tertiary hospitals and
diagnostics centers.
• As per data Atlas Per capita health care expense of Bangladesh is 46 dollars in 2020.
• As of the end of 2019, there were 255 public hospitals, 5,054 private hospitals and
clinics, and 9,529 diagnostic centers under the registration of Directorate General of
Health Services (DGHS).
• The number of hospital beds available in public hospitals amounted to 54,660,
whereas the same figure in private ones amounted to 91,537, bringing the total
number of beds to 143,394 at the end of 2019.
23
Health care Provision

• The health of the mother is clearly related to the health of the child. A malnourished mother is likely
to result in malnutrition in the young infant. Antenatal care is crucial for the birth of a healthy baby.
One third of Bangladeshi pregnant women are underweight.
• About 5,200 women in Bangladesh die every year due to complications during pregnancy, delivery
and the period following birth. Most of these deaths happen due to mothers delivering babies at home
by unskilled birth attendants. Mothers also die because there is a lack of proper and round-the-clock
emergency obstetric care at hospitals, clinics and health centers. The Maternal mortality ratio
(number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) is 173 in 2017 (UNICEF)
• According to UNICEF (2019) Only 6 in 10 deliveries in Bangladesh are carried out under the care of
a skilled health professional, one of the lowest rates in the world. As a result, about two-thirds of
children who die before the age of 5 do so as newborns .Only 37 % of pregnant women (aged 15-49
years) attending Antenatal care 4+ visits during pregnancy by any provider Bangladesh has one of
the highest adolescent birth rates in the world, that is 113 per 1,000 live births.
24
Maternal Health
INDICATORS OF CHILD HEALTH STATUS

INDICATORS OF CHILD HEALTH STATUS
• In the year of 2017 – 2018 Half of deliveries took place in health care facilities,
mostly private (32%). Public health facilities accounted for 14% and NGOs for 4%
of the deliveries.(DHS survey report)
• Based on Bangladesh health facility survey report (2017), Almost all health
facilities (99%) in Bangladesh offer ANC services Almost all district and upazila
public facilities (98%), public community clinics (94%), nongovernmental (NGO)
facilities (98%), and private facilities (94%) offer ANC services on all working days.
Union-level public facilities are less likely (80%) to offer services on all working
days.
• Twenty-eight percent of teenagers have initiated child bearing. Teenage childbearing
declined slightly between 2014 and 2017 from 31% to 28%. (DHS Survey report)
25
Maternal Health

• Empowerment of women is crucial for the health of children. Women empowerment has direct
relationship to Infant mortality rate. 82 percent of married women suffer gender-based violence and
pervasive sexual violence prevents women from achieving their full potential. Women’s
participation in the workforce remains constrained to limited, low-paying sectors. Three million
Bangladeshi women are employed in the lucrative ready-made garment sector, which is
Bangladesh’s largest export industry.(USAID 2022)
• According to the preliminary report of "Population and Housing Census 2022". In Bangladesh The
literacy rate in the urban area is 81.28 percent while in rural area it is 71.56. The rate is higher
among the male population which is 76.56 percent, while among female population it is 72.82.
UNISCO (2020) stated that literacy rate of youth female aged 15 – 24 is 90 % in Bangladesh.
• The rate of marriage below the age of 15 came down to 10.7 percent (%) and the rate of marriage
below 18 years is 47 percent (%) (Staff Correspondent, 2018). Every year 12 million girls get
married in Bangladesh in childhood.
26
STATUS
Empowerment of Women

• Birth weight is an important indicator when assessing a child’s health for early exposure to
childhood morbidity and mortality. Children who weigh less than 2.5 kilograms (kg) at birth
are considered to have a higher-than-average risk of early childhood death.
• Taking weight at birth is very important and it dictates the physician what measurement to be
taken soon after birth to reduce the morbidity and mortality of neonate.
• At least 22.6% of babies are born with low birth weight (below 2.5 Kg) in Bangladesh,
according to a national survey. The report of National Low Birth Weight Survey Bangladesh
2015 showed that the rate of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), was 72.9% because of
high rate of adolescent pregnancy.
• The major causes of low birth weight (LBW) are premature birth, poor nutritional status of
mother and inadequate nutritional intake during pregnancy, and intrauterine growth restriction,
according to the World Health Organization.
27
STATUS
Birth weight

 UNICEF (2022) stated In Bangladesh, 65 per cent of women exclusively
breastfeed their babies up until five months old, the highest in all the
countries surveyed.
 Breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, followed by exclusive
breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding for up to two
years or beyond, offers a powerful line of defense against all forms of child
malnutrition, including wasting and obesity.
 In Bangladesh 98 percent women expressed a strong desire to breastfeed
exclusively,
28
STATUS
Breast Feeding

29
STATUS
Immunization
• Immunization plays a vital role in reducing infant and child mortality . UNICEF report on
2019 revealed that, Bangladesh has vaccines for 10 diseases in its routine immunization
schedule targeting 3.8 million children and 6 million women each year. Immunization
coverage rates have remained over 80 per cent for more than ten years and 84 per cent of
children under 12 months are fully immunized.
• In Bangladesh the full vaccination of children in urban areas (79 per cent) is lagging behind
rural coverage (85 per cent)
• 98 % Percentage of surviving infants received the third dose of DTP-containing vaccine in
2019
• 93 % Percentage of children received the 2nd dose of measles-containing vaccine, as per
administered in the national schedule in 2019
• Polio and Neonatal tetanus are eradicated from Bangladesh

30
STATUS
Based on Bangladesh health facility survey report (2017) In Bangladesh The availability
of three basic child health services (outpatient curative care, growth monitoring, and vaccination
together) increased from 52% in 2014 to 77% in 2017. Almost 60% of the facilities that offer
child curative care have at least one provider trained in integrated management of childhood
illness (IMCI). Over the last 3 years, the percentage of facilities with IMCI guidelines has
declined from 51% in 2014 to 42% in 2017.One-third of facilities had all six medicines
considered essential to child health care (oral rehydration solution, amoxicillin syrup,
paracetamol syrup/suspension, vitamin A capsules, mebendazole/albendazole, and zinc tablets) .
 The 2017 BHFS results show that vitamin A supplementation for children is available in only
61% ) of health facilities in Bangladesh. District and upazila public facilities (66%) and CCs
(72%) are more likely to provide vitamin A supplementation than union-level public facilities
(31%), private hospitals (45%), and NGO facilities (56%)

31
STATUS
 UNICEF report in (2017- 18) showed that Eighty-five percent of children with
diarrhea received oral rehydration therapy (ORT), and 44% received both ORT and
zinc.
 46% percentage of children (under age 5) with acute respiratory infection
symptoms whom advice or treatment was sought from a health facility or provider
in 2019
 In 2019 72 % percentage of children (under age 5) with diarrhea who received
ORS (packets or pre-packaged fluids)
 Bangladesh received the polio eradication certificate from WHO on 27 March 2014

32
STATUS
• In Bangladesh 37 % of ever married women of reproductive age (15-49
years) are anemic in 2019
• The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in 2019 was 42.2%
• The prevalence of anemia among non pregnant women in 2019 was 36.7%
• There is compelling evidence that 6- to 24-month-old infants with iron-deficiency
anemia are at risk for poorer cognitive, motor, social-emotional, and
neurophysiologic development
Anemia

33
STATUS
 Lack of hygiene, inadequate sanitation, and unsafe drinking water accounts for child mortality
worldwide. Children are at a much higher risk of stunting due to unsafe water usage, lack of sanitation
and improper hand-washing practices.
 Even though access to safe drinking water sources has increased over the decades in Bangladesh, the
overall WASH situation has not improved as expected. Almost 12 percent of the country’s improved
water sources contain arsenic levels above 50 parts per billion, which the Bangladesh government
defines as the threshold of danger.
 Moreover, at the national level, the overall percentage of presence of E.coli in household drinking
water is 81.9 percent.
 38.7 % people of Bangladesh practicing safely managed sanitation and 58.8% population are using
safely managed water in 2020
 According to a recent study of UNICEF, while about 84 percent of the schools have basic sanitation
provision, only 24 percent of the facilities are clean and functional, and some 45 percent of the
facilities remain dysfunctional.
Environmental sanitation

MORBIDITY AND
MORTALITY
INDICATORS34

• Morbidity and mortality are two similar terms that
mean different things. Morbidity refers to an illness
or disease. Mortality refers to death. Both terms are
often used in statistics about health, such as the
incidence or rate with which diseases and death
occur.
• The child health status can be measured through
Morbidity and Mortality indicators. In many
countries mortality rate are still the only source of
information about child health.
35
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
INDICATORS

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
• The Frequently used mortality indicator of child health are
36
Still Birth Mortality rate
Perinatal Mortality rate
Neonatal Mortality rate
Post neonatal Mortality rate
Infant Mortality rate
Under five mortality rate

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
37
 Bangladesh is ranked seventh globally in terms of absolute number of stillbirths, with an estimated
83,000 stillbirths per annum and a stillbirth rate of 23 per 1000 births (2019)
 In Bangladesh 7,795 stillborn infants have been born in the first seven months of the running year at a
total 586 government hospitals in the country including 430 health complexes, 33 medical college
hospitals and 123 district level hospitals consisting 10 to 250 beds that fall under the jurisdiction of
the health services directorate in the year 2022 till July . Stillbirth rates are also alarmingly high, with
nearly 230 cases every day.
 The formula to calculate still birth rate is

Causes of Still Birth in Bangladesh
• 40 to 60 per cent of stillbirths occur due to delayed
hospitalization and Home delivery.
• Maternal Age (the expectant mother is younger than 16
years or older than 35 years)
• Maternal illness like obesity, high blood pressure and
infection,
• Post term pregnancy: the pregnancy surpasses 42 weeks
• Ante partum Hemorrhage
• Maternal malnutrition
38
MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
39
 The formula to calculate perinatal mortality rate is

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
40
Causes of Perinatal Mortality:
Antenatal Causes :
Maternal diseases
Maternal
malnutrition
Toxemia of
pregnancy
Intra natal Causes :
Birth injuries
 Asphyxia
 Prolonged Labor
Obstetric
Complications
Post natal Causes :
Prematurity
 Respiratory
distress syndrome
 Respiratory
infections

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
41
 In 2020, the neonatal – defined as aged from born to exactly 28 days –
mortality rate fell to 17 deaths per 1,000 live births in Bangladesh from
64.2 in 1990 and 42.8 in 2000; a 70% and 55% decline, respectively. The
formula to calculate Neonatal Mortality rate is

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
42
Causes of Neonatal Mortality:
Birth Asphyxia
Birth injuries
Prematurity
Pneumonia
Acute respiratory syndrome
Septicemia
Congenital anomalies
Neonatal Jaundice
Meningitis , Encephalitis

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
43
Post-neonatal mortality rate Deaths occurring from 28 days of life to
under one year are called "post-neonatal deaths". The post neonatal
mortality rate is tabulated as

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
44
Causes of Post Neonatal Mortality:
 Pneumonia
Drowning
Diarrhea
Congenital Anomalies
 Jaundice
Serious infection
Prematurity and Low birth weight
Malnutrition

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
45
Infant mortality rate (the probability of dying between birth and age one) is
used as an important indicator to assess the progress of child health. The
infant mortality continues to decline from 87 in 1993 to 38 in the year of
2014 and 22 per 1000 live birth in 2022. The infant mortality rate is
tabulated as

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
46
Causes of Infant Mortality Rate in Bangladesh (2017)
Prematurity Birth 29.8%
 asphyxia and birth trauma 22.7%
Sepsis and other infectious conditions
of the newborn 19.8%
Congenital anomalies 12.9 %
Other communicable, perinatal and
nutritional conditions 6.2%
 Acute lower respiratory infections 6%
Injuries 0.8%
Diarrhoeal diseases 0.6%
 Tetanus 0.4%
Meningitis/encephalitis 0.4%

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
47
Factors affecting Infant Mortality Rate
Biological Factors :
• Birth weight
• Age of mother
• Birth spacing
• Birth order
• Multiple birth
• Family size
• High fertility
Sociocultural Factors :
• Breast feeding
• Child marriage
• Sex of child
• Maternal education
• Quality of health care and
mother care
• Broken families
Economic Factors :

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
48
Globally, under-five mortality rates were 38 lives per 1,000, accounting for 5.2
million deaths of children aged below five in 2019. The under-five mortality rate
in Bangladesh has dropped by 79 percent since 1990–from 143.8 deaths per 1,000
live births in 1990 to 30.8 in 2019 and 29.1 per 1000 live birth in 2020

MORTALITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH
49
Causes of Under five Mortality Rate in Bangladesh (2017)
 Prematurity 18%
Birth asphyxia and birth trauma 13.8 %
 Acute lower respiratory infections
13.5%
Perinatal and nutritional conditions
11.7%
Sepsis and other infectious conditions
of the newborn 11%
 Congenital anomalies 9.1 %
Injuries 7.9%
Diarrhoeal diseases 7.4%
 Other noncommunicable
diseases 4.2%
 Measles 1.9%
 Meningitis/encephalitis 1.1%
Tetanus 0.2%

• Morbidity Indicators reveal the burden of ill health in a
community, There are two mortality indicator to measure the
burden of illness they are Incidence Rate and Prevalence Rate
Incidence Rate: It is the number of new cases occurring in a
defined population during a specified period of time.
50
MORBIDITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH

• Prevalence Rate: Prevalence refers specifically to
all current cases(old & new) existing at a given point
of time or over a period of time in a given population
51
MORBIDITY
INDICATORS OF CHILD
HEALTH

PREVENTIVE AND
SOCIAL MEASURES
• Improved obstetric and perinatal care.
• Perinatal Nutrition
• Prevention of infection (Immunization) ,
• Micronutrient Supplementation
• Breast feeding
• Growth monitoring
• Birth spacing, Family planning
• Sanitation
• Provision of primary health care
• Socioeconomic development
• Women Empowerment and Education
• Prohibition of child marriage and child labor 52

NATIONAL HEALTH
POLICY, ACT AND
LAW FOR CHILD
HEALTH 53

NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY, ACT
AND LAW FOR CHILD HEALTH
S.No Policies, Acts, and Laws Year of
approval/development
1 Adolescent Reproductive Strategy for Health
(ARSH)
2006
2 National Child Labour Elimination Policy 2010
3 National Strategy for Neonatal Health 2009
4 National Child Policy 2011
5 Children Act 2013 (amended in 2018) 2013
6 Comprehensive Early Childhood Care and
Development Policy
2013
7 Breastmilk Substitute Act 2013
8 National Immunization Policy 2014 54

NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY, ACT
AND LAW FOR CHILD HEALTH
S.No Policies, Acts, and Laws Year of
approval/development
9 National Domestic Labor Policy 2015
10 The National Nutrition Policy 2015
11 Child Marriage Restraint Act 2017
12 Child Marriage Restraint Rules 2018
13 National Plan of Action to End Child
Marriage
2018
14 National Action Plan to Prevent Violence
Against Women and Children (2018-2030)
2018
15 National Strategy for Adolescent Health 2017-2030 55

• Health status are not measured directly
but using indicators. Each available
indicator reflects an aspect of child health.
Through Universal health coverage ,
Equitable health services and
Strengthening primary health care the
Morbidity and mortality rate of Children
can reduce.
56
CONCLUSION

Issues of child health in Bangladesh.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Issues of child health in Bangladesh.pptx

Similar to Issues of child health in Bangladesh.pptx (20)

More from Melba Shaya Sweety

More from Melba Shaya Sweety (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Issues of child health in Bangladesh.pptx