optometric instruments

1. Direct ophthalmoscope
Ms.Pallavi

2. INTRODUCTION
The patient’s eye is used as a simple magnifier by aligning its
viewing And illuminating beams. It produces an erect image.
PRINCIPLE
Direct ophthalmoscopy is invented by von-Helmholtz in 1850.
It is used for the Fundus Examination of the Retina And Ocular media.

6. Modern direct ophthalmoscope

7. Direct ophthalmoscope slits

8. Filters
 Red filters
 Cobalt blue filters
 Large aperture
 Small aperture
 Semi circle
 Streak
 Linkz star

9. Set up
Dim room illumination.
Patient with full pupil dilatation.
Fixation Target : Non – accommodative target such as
the 660 target in the snellen.

10. Producers

14. Advantage
Disadvantages

15. Thank you