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Lets Learn WHAT is climate change.ppt
- 1. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Youth Unit: Let’s LEARN! What is climate change?
- 2. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN
- 3. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN 1. Introduction 2. What causes climate change? 3. Hazards and impacts Overview
- 4. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Top Tips! Test what you’ve learnt afterwards with the Climate Change Quiz For a fun way to learn what climate change is try Y-Adapt Session 2
- 5. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Introduction
- 6. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Weather • Weather refers to conditions like rain, temperature and wind over hours to days • LOOK out the window now. What is the weather like?
- 7. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Climate • Climate refers to average weather conditions over a long period of time (30+ years) • THINK about what the weather is normally like on your birthday? - Is it normally dry or wet / hot or cold?
- 8. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Climate change • Climate change is a statistically significant change in the state of the climate (average weather) that persists for an extended period of time (decades or longer) – ASK an elder what the weather was normally like 30 years ago, in your birthday month? Has it changed?
- 9. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN What causes climate change?
- 10. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN The greenhouse effect • Sunlight passes through the atmosphere to earth • At earth’s surface it’s reflected back through the atmosphere to space • However! After it is reflected, greenhouse gases can trap heat in the atmosphere • We call this process the greenhouse effect; as it is similar to a greenhouse • Greenhouse gases act like a big blanket around the earth, trapping heat
- 11. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Greenhouse gases • Greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, after it is reflected from earth • Greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere • Without them, the earth would be very cold – about minus 18°C ! All water on earth would freeze, the oceans would turn to ice and life as we know it would not exist
- 12. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Human activity • Over the last 100 years, since the industrial revolution, greenhouse gases have rapidly increased in the atmosphere • This is due to human activities which release greenhouse gases • Electricity from coal or diesel generators and industry or pollution from factories contribute the most
- 13. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Global warming • More greenhouse gases trap more heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming • Since 1880, global temp has increased by almost 1°C • How much this rises depends on how much more greenhouse gas is released • Temp could rise by almost 5°C by 2100 (IPCC, AR5). However, countries around the world agreed to keep this below 2°C • Humans have added so much greenhouse gas to the atmosphere, that even if all emissions stopped today, the planet would still continue to warm for decades to come
- 14. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN 1°C or 2°C warmer sounds small? • 1°C or 2°C - might not sound like much, but think about what happens when your body temperature is increased by 1 or 2 degrees? • You would immediately fall sick and get a fever
- 15. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Global warming & the water cycle • Global warming intensifies the water cycle • Higher temps increase evaporation of water from sea, lakes, rivers • Warmer air holds more water vapour, resulting in more intense rainstorms. This can lead to flooding • More floods where water runs off into rivers and streams, does little to dampen the soil. This and increased temps can lead to drought • Weather patterns across the world are effected over time • This results in CLIMATE CHANGE
- 16. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Hazards and impacts
- 17. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Climate change, hazards & impacts • Climate Change is exacerbating a range of weather related hazards around the world • Climate change makes some hazards more frequent • Climate change makes some hazards more intense • These hazards impact people around the world • The same hazard can have different impacts for different people – see Let’s Act to find out more
- 18. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Scientists project: • Temperature increase (0.3 – 4.8°C by 2100) • Heat waves - more often and last longer • Extreme precipitation events (rain, snow) - more often and more intense • Precipitation increases in wet regions • Precipitation decreases in dry regions • Increase in tropical cyclone wind speeds • Decreased snow / ice extent • Rising sea level • Warming and acidification of oceans Source: IPCC 2014, AR5
- 19. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Here are some climate & weather events impacted by climate change Can you guess which hazards & impacts they might relate to?
- 20. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Changing seasons CHANGINE SEASONS HAZARDS oRainy season may be delayed in some regions •Spring might come earlier in other regions •Seasons may become more intense IMPACTS Crops may die Farmers may need to change crops Incomes are lost Transportation is interrupted Financial losses Water availability
- 21. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Drier & longer droughts DROUGHT HAZARDS Water shortage Wind erosion Desertification Increased risk of wild fires IMPACTS Less or no crops Animals may die Less water supply Incomes are lost Financial losses People become sick Migration
- 22. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Increased temperatures & heat waves HIGH TEMP & HEAT WAVES HAZARDS Heat stroke Water shortage Increased malaria Dengue Sea level rise IMPACTS People get sick or die Animals get sick Crops may die Water shortage Food shortage Damaged forests
- 23. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Melting glaciers & polar ice MELTING GLACIERS & POLAR ICE HAZARDS Sea level rise Less ice to reflect sunlight, leads to increased warming IMPACTS Flooding in low lying coastal areas Coastal areas & cities threatened Loss of wildlife / biodiversity
- 24. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Sea level rise SEA LEVEL RISE HAZARDS Sea level has risen 17 cm in the last 100 years. In the last 10 years, it has risen twice as fast as in the previous 90 years IMPACTS Coastal erosion Higher risk of storms leading to coastal flooding Salt water intrusion in coastal areas – impacts drinking water and health risks such as diarrhoea
- 25. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN More intense rainfall & increased likelihood of floods FLOODS HAZARDS Flooding Flash floods Landslide Erosion IMPACTS Vector-borne diseases (esp. malaria and dengue fever) Water-borne diseases (esp. diarrhoea) Extreme floods and population displacement
- 26. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN Extreme winds & stronger storms EXTREME WINDS & STORMS HAZARDS Severe wind Storm surge Flooding IMPACTS People die Animals die Loss of income Financial losses
- 27. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN What can we do? Take a look at ‘Let’s ACT!’ section of the youth unit to find out more about what YOU can do Climate Change Mitigation: Action taken to stop climate change by reducing the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere Climate Change Adaptation: Action taken to deal with climate change impacts and reduce the effects on lives, livelihoods and ecosystems
- 28. Climate Training Kit. Module Youth: Let’s LEARN References • IPCC (2014) AR5 Synthesis Report; https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment- report/ar5/syr/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf • IPCC WGII (2014) Climate Change and the Ocean; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/docs/WGII-AR5_Oceans-Compendium.pdf • Nasa Kids (2017) Graphic accreditations • Rebeka Ryvola Photograph accreditations • Brigitte Rudram Image accreditations • The Noun Project • Y-Adapt images
Editor's Notes
- Can anyone explain this?
- Major greenhouse gases are shown in the blue box
- THE WATER CYCLE The earth has a limited amount of water. It keeps going around in what we call the “Water Cycle”: The sun heats water in rivers, lakes or the ocean. Water EVAPORATES becoming water vapour. The vapour rises into the air. When it reaches the colder atmosphere it CONDENSES to form clouds. As more water vapour collects in the clouds, the clouds become heavier. When they can't hold the water vapour, water falls back from the clouds back to Earth as PRECIPITATION - such as rain, hail or snow. The precipitation COLLECTS in the oceans, lakes or rivers, or may end up on land. We know that changes in the water cycle are increasing the risks of floods and droughts (climaterealityproject).
- What do you think that scientists project? Temperature increase range shows projected increase of global mean surface temperature by the end of the 21st century (2081–2100) relative to 1986–2005, depending on how much greenhouse gas emissions are reduced
- Today, climate change is leading to shifts in what seasons used to look like. Spring might come earlier in some parts of the world. Rainy seasons are delayed in other parts. Seasons are getting more extreme too. This is predicted to worsen in the future. Changing seasons affect farmers. For example if the rainy season is delayed, crops already planted might fail. Farmers might need to change crops to those that grow better to keep up with the new climate conditions. Changing seasons also affect fresh water availability. In the Northern Hemisphere, an earlier spring causes earlier peaks in snow melt and river flows. This means less water is available in the summer and autumn when demand is often highest (Earth observatory (2017)).
- Droughts have been drier and lasting longer in recent years thanks in part to climate change. Higher temperatures increasing evaporation combined with less rain causes can cause more drought. Droughts can be devastating to the environment. But droughts also have serious consequences for people’s livelihoods. They really affect farmers, but also the water supply and people's health. Over the longer term some crops and animals will not be able to survive the drier conditions. Farm workers and their families may have to migrate.
- The 10 hottest years ever recorded have all occurred since 1998. The hottest year on record is 2016. It broke the record set in 2015, which itself broke the record setting 2014 (climatecentral, 2017). A long period of unsusually hot weather can cause illness that is especially dangerous to the elderly, small children and sick people. Exposure to the sun could result in fainting, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.One of the worst heat wave was recorded in the year 2003 when more than 70,000 Europeans died . Another risk related to warming is that mosquitoes like heat! They can fly faster, bite more, breed faster and move into new areas that used to be to cold for them. Mosquitoes can carry diseases.
- Water can soak up a lot of heat. When the oceans get warmer, sea ice begins to melt in the Arctic and around Greenland. NASA's satellites show us that every summer some Arctic ice melts and shrinks, getting smallest by September. Then, when winter comes, the ice grows again. But, since 1979, the September ice has been getting smaller and smaller and thinner and thinner in the Arctic this now decreases 13% every 10 years! (NASA, 2017). Glaciers are another form of melting, shrinking ice. Glaciers are frozen rivers. They flow like rivers, only much slower. Lately, they have been speeding up (NASA kids, 2017). As more sea ice and glaciers melt, the global sea level rises.
- As the ocean gets warmer, the water actually expands! Sea level has risen 17 centimetres in the last 100 years. In the last 10 years, it has risen twice as fast as in the previous 90 years (NASA kids, 2017). One immediate risk of sea level rise is that with every storm there is a higher risk of coastal flooding. Another risk is that a rise in sea level causes salt water intrusion in coastal areas. This can cause problems for drinking water and can lead to more cases of diarrhoea. Sea levels are projected to continue rising. The rate is expected to be even faster, with some predictions up to 8-16 mm per year.
- Higher temperatures are leading to more intense rainstorms. This is because of increased evaporation of water from the sea, lakes and rivers and because warmer air can hold more water vapour. More intense rainfall increases the likelihood of flooding. The immediate risk is that sudden intense rainfall can cause flash floods where drainage systems are unable to cope with so much water. In the medium term, wet season flooding may happen more often and the water levels may be higher. Vector-borne diseases (malaria and dengue fever) and water-borne diseases (especially diarrhoea) are linked to flooding. In the long term, extreme events such as river floods may cause population displacement.
- Higher temperatures lead to warmer and wetter environments. In the future, climate change will likely lead to stronger tropical storms, cyclones and hurricanes. However, it may lead to a decrease in the number of storms (NOAA, 2017). In general, rainfall will become more intense, which will lead to increased impact from storms.