3. History
• With the advent of vascular techniques and refined tools, quite a few
advances had been made—repair of coarctation, the Blalock-Taussig
shunt for Tetralogy of Fallot, mitral valve fracture and many others.
• September of 1952, Lewis and his colleagues at the University of
Minnesota closed an atrial septal defect on a 5-year-old patient with
Hypothermia and inflow occlusion were the mainstay of operating inside
the heart for a few minutes
• May of 1953 when Dr. John Gibbon corrected an atrial septal defect in a
young woman at Jefferson Hospital in Philadelphia with the assistance of
a true heart-lung machine.
4. History
• In 1955, using some modifications, Dr. John Kirklin operated on a series
of 8 congenital cases with survival of 50%. at the Mayo Clinic.
• Dr. C. Walton Lillehei was developing the technique of "controlled cross-
circulation. This was a method by which a child was connected to his
parent as a "biologic heart machine." Over a 2-year period, Lillehei was
able to operate on 45 children, with 28 surviving. (limitations to this
methodology, as only small children could be supported this way and for
only a short period of time.)
• Soon thereafter, Richard DeWall, from Lillehei's laboratory, developed
the bubble oxygenator. A third type of oxygenator, was developed by
Kay and Cross in Cleveland and was being mass produced.
6. Definition
Cardiopulmonary bypass is a procedure to
circulate and oxygenate the blood while
surgery is performed on the heart. It
involves diverting blood from the heart and
lungs through a heart/lung machine and
returning oxygenated blood to the aorta.
(AHA Encyclopedia)
7. Cardiopulmonary Bypass Goals
• Oxygination and carbon dioxide elimination
• Circulation of blood
• Systemic cooling and re-warming
• To facilitate a surgical intervention
• Provide a motionless field
• Provide a bloodless field
Through a series of experiments in dogs, Gibbon and his team were able to develop an oxygenator with multiple series of stainless-steel screens.
Through a series of experiments in dogs, Gibbon and his team were able to develop an oxygenator with multiple series of stainless-steel screens.
Gibbon and his team first attempted using the heart-lung machine on a child with a presumed atrial septal defect. But the diagnosis was wrong, and the patient succumbed to a patent ductus arteriosus. The second attempt came on May 6, 1953 on an 18-year-old, Cecilia Bavolek. An atrial septal defect was repaired with a continuous suture while the patient was completely supported by the heart-lung machine for 26 minutes.
Through a series of experiments in dogs, Gibbon and his team were able to develop an oxygenator with multiple series of stainless-steel screens.
Gibbon and his team first attempted using the heart-lung machine on a child with a presumed atrial septal defect. But the diagnosis was wrong, and the patient succumbed to a patent ductus arteriosus. The second attempt came on May 6, 1953 on an 18-year-old, Cecilia Bavolek. An atrial septal defect was repaired with a continuous suture while the patient was completely supported by the heart-lung machine for 26 minutes.
