Basic idea about router. Router configuration. This is our team project. From this slide we can learn what is router configuration and application of router. We also learn the security of router.

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Router Configuration

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Team Members
Choyon Chandra Bonik
ID:191-15-12418 Flora Akter
ID:191-15-12496
Md.Harunur Rashid
ID:191-15-12320
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Router
Router is a device which makes connection possible
between two or more different networks present at same or
different geographical locations.
It works on 3rd layer of OSI Model.
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Router Classification
Routers are classified in two classes.
1. Fixed Routers.
2. Modular Routers.
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Fixed Routers
Fixed routers are non upgradable, can not add or remove
the Ethernet or serial ports.
Does not have any slot.
In fixed routers the ports are integrated on the mother
board.(Fixed on mother board).
 Access routers are fixed routers.
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Modular Routers
Modular Routers are upgradable, can add or remove the
interfaces as per our requirement.
Number of slots available depends on the series of the
router.
Can add LAN and WAN cards.
Router series greater than 2600 are modular routers.
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Ports on Router
There are three types of ports on the router.
1. LAN ports.
2. WAN ports.
3. Administrative Ports.
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LAN Ports
The ports where local area network is connected with the
router are called LAN ports.
Ethernet ports, fast Ethernet ports, Gig Ethernet ports,
10gbps are LAN ports.
• Ethernet 10Mbps
• Fast Ethernet 100Mbps
• Gig Ethernet 1000Mbps
• All Ports are of RJ45 connectors
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WAN Ports
Ports that are used for WAN connection/router to router
connection are called WAN ports.
WAN ports are serial interfaces(S0,S1,S0/0,S0/1,S0/0/0 etc).
Serial ports are of two category
1. 26pins
2. 60pins
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Administrative Ports
1. Console RJ45-Local administrative.
2. AuxiliaryRJ45-Remote administrative.
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Console Ports
Console ports are known as Local ports
They are generally used for initial configuration, password
recovery and local administration of the router.
One side of the console port/cable is RJ45 and other is 9pin
com port.
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Auxiliary Ports
Auxiliary ports are known as remote administrative ports.
They are RJ45 ports.
 A console or a rollover cable is to be used.
RJ45 to DB-25
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Internal components of router
ROM(Read Only Memory)
POST(Power on self Test)
Mini-IOS
RAM(Random Access Memory)
Flash Memory
NVRAM(Non-Volatile RAM)
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ROM
ROM is a chip integrated on the mother board which
contains a bootstrap program which tells how to load the
IOS.
Used to start and maintain the router. Holds the POST and
Bootstrap program, as well as the mini-IOS.
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POST
Stored in the microcode of the ROM.
Post is used to check the basic functionality of the router
hardware and determines which interfaces are present.
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IOS
Internetwork Operating System/IOS.
Operating system inside the router is called IOS.
Different vendors have there own IOS like Cisco IOS,
Juniper IOS.
IOS are platform depended Cisco IOS work only with
Cisco routers
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RAM
Hold the temporary configurations, ARP cache, routing
tables and are also the software and data structures that
allow the router to function.
The IOS is loaded in to the RAM from the flesh at the
time of booting.
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Flash Memory
Stores the IOS by default.
Flash memory is not erased when the router is reloaded.
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NVRAM
Hold the router and switch configuration.
NVRAM is not erased when the router or switch is
reloaded/switched off.
The configuration register is stored in the non-volatile
memory.
Configuration means passwords, IP addresses and routing
table.
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Modes of the Router
Here are different modes of the router.
• Setup Mode.
• User Mode.
• Privileged Mode.
• Global Configuration Mode.
• Interface Mode.
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What is router configuration?
Basic configuration of the router includes configuration of
the IP address, default routing, static and dynamic routing,
host name, banner, secret password, user accounts, and other
options.
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How do routers transmit data
A router is the traffic-control center device that handles the
packet transfer process between networks. Essentially,
routers determine where to send a data packet and then
forward it to the next network point. The router just handles
the data path selection and the data transmission.
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Applications
A router may have interfaces for different types of physical
layer connections, such as copper cables, fiber optic, or
wireless transmission. It can also support different network
layer transmission standards. Routers may also be used to
connect two or more logical groups of computer devices
known as subnets, each with a different network prefix.
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Access, Core and Distribution
Access routers, including small office/home office (SOHO)
models, are located at home and customer sites such as
branch offices that do not need hierarchical routing of their
own. Typically, they are optimized for low cost. Some
SOHO routers are capable of running alternative free Linux-
based firmware like Tomato, DD-WRT.
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Security
External networks must be carefully considered as part of
the overall security strategy of the local network. A router
may include a firewall, VPN handling, and other security
functions, or these may be handled by separate devices.Some
experts argue that open source routers are more secure and
reliable then closed source routers because open-source
routers allow mistakes to be quickly found and corrected.
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Routing different networks
Routers are also often distinguished on the basis of the
network in which they operate. A router in a local area
network (LAN) of a single organization is called an interior
router. A router that is operated in the Internet backbone is
described as exterior router. While a router that connects a
LAN with the Internet or a wide area network (WAN) is
called a border router, or gateway router.
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Internet connectivity and Internal use
A wireless router connects directly to a modem by a cable.
This allows it to receive information from and transmit
information to the internet. The router then creates and
communicates with your home Wi-Fi network using built-in
antennas. As a result, all of the devices on your home
network have internet access.
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