2. ROUTER
A router is a purposely customized computer used to
forward data among computer networks beyond directly
connected devices. The directly connected devices are said
to be in LAN, where data are forwarded using Network
switches.
BY WILLY MAKETU
3. WIRED ROUTER
A Wired router is a networking device whose software and
hardware [in combination] are customized to the tasks of
routing and forwarding information{DATA} through Wire
Connection.
BY WILLY MAKETU
4. WIRELES ROUTER
A Wireles router is a networking device whose
software and hardware [in combination] are
customized to the tasks of routing and forwarding
information{DATA} through Wireless Connection.
BY WILLY MAKETU10/18/2016
7. SOME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROUTER AND
OTHER ORDINALY.Router it needs special hardware, called interface
cards, to connect to remote devices through either copper
cables or Optical fiber cable.
These interface cards are in fact(things known) small
computers that are specialized to convert electric signals
from one form to another.
In the case of optical fiber, is a cable containing one
or More Optical fibers that are used to light convert between
optical signals and electrical signals.
BY WILLY MAKETU
9. BROADCAST
In broadcast routing, Packets/Source are sent to all
nodes even if they do not want it. But in Multicast routing, the
data is sent to only nodes which wants to receive the packets.
The router must know that there are nodes, which wish to
receive multicast packets (or stream) then only it should
forward.
• Deliver packets from source to all other nodes.
• Source duplication{repeat something} is inefficient:
BY WILLY MAKETU
10. MULTICAST
Multicast routing, the data is sent to only
nodes which wants to receive the packets. The
router must know that there are nodes, which wish
to receive multicast packets (or stream) then only it
should forward.
BY WILLY MAKETU
11. Multicast IP Routing protocols are used to distribute data (for
example, audio/video streaming broadcasts) to multiple
recipients. Using multicast, a source can send a single copy
of data to a single multicast address, which is then distributed
to an entire group of recipients
BY WILLY MAKETU
12. ROUTER ROUTING TABLE.
A routing table is used for finding the IP
address to which a packet should be
forwarded so that it may reach its
destination.
Network destination: The IP address
refers to the IP address of the destination to
which the packet has to reach.
Netmask: This is the subnet mask for the
network.
Gateway: Gateway specifies the IPBY WILLY MAKETU
13. IP ROUTES AND ROUTING TABLES
Let’s consider an example (see Figure) with routers R1, R2 and R3 connected in
a “triangle”, so that each router can send directly to the others, as well as to its
own local network. Suppose R1's local network is 11.0.0.0/8, R2's is 12.0.0.0/8
and R3's is 13.0.0.0/8. (I'm just trying to keep this simple. J) R1 knows that any
datagram it sees with 11 as the first octet is on its local network. It will also have
a routing entry that says that any IP address starting with “12” should go to R2,
and any starting with “13” should go to R3.
BY WILLY MAKETU
14. This diagram shows a small, simple internetwork consisting of four
LANs each served by a router. The routing table for each lists the router
to which data grams for each destination network should be sent, and
is color coded to match the colors of the networks. Notice that due to
the “triangle”, each of R1, R2 and R3 can send to each other. However,
R2 and R3 must send through R1 to deliver to R4, and R4 must use R1
to reach either of the others.
BY WILLY MAKETU
15. Routers may provide connectivity
A demonstration of a router forwarding information to many clients.
Inside enterprises,
Between enterprises and the Internet, and
Inside Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
BY WILLY MAKETU
16. TYPES OF ROUTERS
Edge Router: An ER is placed at the edge of an ISP
network. The router speaks external BGP (EBGP) to a
BGP speaker in another provider or large enterprise
Autonomous System(AS). This type of routers is also
called PE (Provider Edge) routers.Mostly used as LAN
connection.
NOTE:
(ISP) Internet Service Providers
(BGP ) Border Gateway Protocol.
BY WILLY MAKETU
17. Subscriber Edge Router:
An SER is located at the edge of the
subscriber's network, it speaks EBGP to its
provider's AS(s). It belongs to an end user
(enterprise) organization. This type of routers is
also called CE (Customer Edge) routers.
BY WILLY MAKETU
18. Inter-provider Border Router:
Interconnecting ISPs, this is a BGP speaking router that
maintains BGP sessions with other BGP speaking routers in
other providers' Ases.
NOTE:
(ISP) Internet Service Providers
(BGP) Border Gateway Protocol.
(ASEs) Autonomous Systems.
BY WILLY MAKETU
19. Core router:
A Core router is one that resides(to live or have one's) within an AS as
back bone to carry traffic between edge routers.
A core router is a router designed to operate in the Internet backbone,
or core. To fulfill this role, a router must be able to support multiple
telecommunications interfaces of the highest speed in use in the core
Internet and must be able to forward IP packets at full speed on all of
them.
NOTE:
(ISP) Internet Service Providers
(BGP) Border Gateway Protocol.
(AS) Autonomous Systems. BY WILLY MAKETU
