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BY CHISUPA ERIC
PRINCIPAL LECTURER
eric chisupa 1
 99% of all parents want to be good parents, and avoid
doing what they consider to be a bad parent.
 Regardless of their parenting abilities, they love their
children.
eric chisupa 2
What influences a parent’s
choice of parenting style?
eric chisupa 3
• All parents incorporate both love and
limits in their style of parenting,
• The balance of love and limits
determining a particular style.
• There are 4 parenting styles,
• Most parents use some combination of
the 4.
eric chisupa 4
• Each style has strengths and/or
weaknesses,
• only the authoritative parenting style
combines both high love and high
limits.
• It is considered the best style in
today’s society.
eric chisupa 5
AUTHOURITARIAN
PARENTING STYLE
eric chisupa 6
• Authoritarian parents value obedience,
structure, and respect.
• They use external control to teach right
from wrong, such as spanking, and are
quick to act on a discipline problem.
eric chisupa 7
• They believe in a
family hierarchy, with
dad usually at the top,
mom next, and
children last.
eric chisupa 8
• Children in these families would not
describe the relationship with their
parents as close, warm, and loving.
• The underlying assumption in this style
is that “parents know best”.
eric chisupa 9
Low love and high limits.
The parents make the rules,
and the children obey them
without question or
negotiation.
If the young child asks “why
should I?”, the parent
responds “because I said so”
(often a legitimate answer).
eric chisupa 10
This is the most traditional
parenting style historically, and is
based on the use of power.
Low love and high limits.
Giving orders
.
eric chisupa 11
High Love and
Low Limits.
Giving in
Parents have difficulty setting firm
limits and are inconsistent.
Sometimes it works pretty well
because children generally want to
please their parents.
eric chisupa 12
• Parents view themselves as their
children’s friend; they worry that their
children will not like them if they set
too many rules. Over time, children
often become selfish, self-centered,
and manipulative to get their own
way…because they know they can.
eric chisupa 13
• Parents take a "hands-off" approach,
allowing children to learn from the
consequences of their actions
eric chisupa 14
Dr. Benjamin Spock was a leading child
care authority of the late 1940’s -80’s. He
encouraged a fairly permissive parenting
style, excusing all manners of misbehavior
in children as somehow perfectly normal.
In his later years, after having children of
his own, he expressed misgivings about
some of the advice he had given.
eric chisupa 15
• Permissive parents often become bitter
and resentful of their children.
• They place their children’s needs above
their own, and tire of the lack of respect
or appreciation for all they do.
• The children tend to have troubles with
responsibility, relationships, and
understanding the rights of others.
eric chisupa 16
Low Love and Low Limits
Giving up
Sometimes called an indifferent
parenting style due to it’s lack of
emotional involvement and
supervision of the child.
Generally considered as
uncaring and inadequate to meet
the needs of children.
They might be indifferent,
distant, unengaged, non-
communicative, self-absorbed,
unstructured, detached, and
sometimes cruel.
eric chisupa 17
These parents usually do not consider themselves to be
bad parents, but are operating under a mistaken set of
beliefs about what a good parent does. Their attempts to
do what they think needs to be done to raise their children
ends up being neglectful or abusive.
Many individuals
or couples are
simply not
prepared for the
demands of good
parenting.
Children take time,
money, energy,
effort, and good
parenting skills.eric chisupa 18
Giving choices
High Love and High Limits.A balance of freedom and
responsibility. Sometimes called
the democratic or balanced parenting
style, it relies on the principles of equality
and trust.
Parents and children are equal in terms
of their need for dignity and worth but not
in terms of responsibility and decision
making. Parents model right and wrong
by their words and deeds, and give
reasons for limits; discipline is used to
teach and guide, not punish or control.
Parents present expectations to gain a
child’s cooperation and respect,
including demands of maturity.
eric chisupa 19
Children raised by this style learn to accept responsibility,
make wiser choices, cope with change, and are better
equipped to succeed in a work-force which relies on
cooperative problem-solving.
.
eric chisupa 20
there has been an increase in the
number of people choosing not to
marry and living alone in households,
and a decrease in the number of
married people living with their
children in households.
eric chisupa 21
The “traditional” nuclear
family, with a husband
wage-earner, wife
homemaker and
dependent children, now
accounts for less than
10 percent of all
American households.
Although statistically the traditional nuclear family grouping
is the most successful one for raising children, it has not
existed in the majority of homes. It once reached 46% for an
all time high. Many factors have influenced the family picture
historically, including life expectancy/mortality, child labor
trends, women in the workforce, divorce rates, births to
unwed mothers, etc.
eric chisupa 22
There is a direct
correlation between a
family founded on a
lifelong marriage and low
incidences of crime,
addiction, abuse, illness,
and underachievement.
There is no doubt, statistically, that the children raised in a
household with both biological parents are at an
advantage. Fathers and mothers, men and women,
interact differently with children.
eric chisupa 23
eric chisupa 24
• A high amount of conversation and level of
interaction between parents and children
has an enormous, positive impact on a
child's development.
eric chisupa 25
FAMILY MUST BE #1eric chisupa 26
 When it’s been a long, hard day, are you still going to
make the effort to read a bedtime story?
 When your child wakes up in the morning too sick to go
to school, are you going to leave them home alone so
you can go to work?
eric chisupa 27
• Responsible adults make the decision to
have children… they are not just
“accidents”.
• A couple must decide that the children will
be a priority in their lives.
eric chisupa 28
• They must be willing to place their family’s
needs in the proper perspective in relation
to job, career, friends, personal interests,
finances, demands on time, increased
energy needed, and their marriage.
eric chisupa 29
Lower incomes relate to:
1. Lack of health insurance
2. Improper medical and
dental care
3. Lack of immunizations
4. Hunger/malnutrition
5. Inadequate shelter.
A key characteristic of single-parent families is the limited
resources, including time, energy, and money available to
them... whether the single parent is the mother or father.
Nearly 60% of children in single parent families are living in
poverty. Less than ½ of all child support is paid in full.
eric chisupa 30
Children in single-parent families are twice as likely to drop
out of high school as children living full time in two-parent
families.
Children in single-parent homes are more likely to have
their own marriages end in separation or divorce.
Children in single-parent homes are at the highest risk for
unmarried parenthood.
eric chisupa 31
The children are:
more likely to go to prison.
more likely to become rapists.
more likely to be seriously abused.
One-tenth as likely to get A's in school.
On average have a 44% higher mortality rate.
On average have a 72% lower standard of living.
43% of all children are living without the
biological father in the home, due to
divorce, unwed mothers, abandonment,
death, etc. What are the results?
eric chisupa 32
85% of all children that exhibit behavioral disorders,
90% of all homeless and runaway children, 71% of all
high school dropouts, 75% of all adolescent patients in
chemical abuse centers, 63% of children committing
suicide, 70% of juveniles in state-operated institutions,
and 85% of all youths sitting in prisons grew up in
fatherless homes.
eric chisupa 33
Step families are commonly
referred to as ‘blended families’.
Single mothers of daughters are the least likely to remarry, citing fears
that men they bring into the home would abuse their daughters.
• Husband with children marries ,
no-kids wife.
• Husband with children marries wife
with children.
• Mom with children marries no-kids
husband.
Mom with children marries dad with
children.
• Widow or widower with kids remarries.
• Divorced or widowed parents of adult
children marry. Etc. etc. etc.
eric chisupa 34
1. At least some members of the family have experienced
“loss”, an emotional crisis.
2. The biological parent and child have a longer history and
stronger ties to each other than the couple does.
3. The children’s other biological parent does not belong to
this family…and may belong to another family
4. Children from a previous marriage now have 2 families to
deal with and schedule time with, including holidays and
children’s birthdays, etc.
5. Stepparents don’t fill biological parent’s roles, including no
legal rights
6. Over 1/3 of all children born now will live in a stepfamily
household by the time they are 18 years old.
7. 60% of all remarriages end in divorce; over 50% of
divorced people remarry within 5 years.
Blended families have unique
problems:
eric chisupa 35
Some families with children under age 18 have a family
member age 65 or older living with them.
.
eric chisupa 36
eric chisupa 37

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Parenting styles

  • 1. BY CHISUPA ERIC PRINCIPAL LECTURER eric chisupa 1
  • 2.  99% of all parents want to be good parents, and avoid doing what they consider to be a bad parent.  Regardless of their parenting abilities, they love their children. eric chisupa 2
  • 3. What influences a parent’s choice of parenting style? eric chisupa 3
  • 4. • All parents incorporate both love and limits in their style of parenting, • The balance of love and limits determining a particular style. • There are 4 parenting styles, • Most parents use some combination of the 4. eric chisupa 4
  • 5. • Each style has strengths and/or weaknesses, • only the authoritative parenting style combines both high love and high limits. • It is considered the best style in today’s society. eric chisupa 5
  • 7. • Authoritarian parents value obedience, structure, and respect. • They use external control to teach right from wrong, such as spanking, and are quick to act on a discipline problem. eric chisupa 7
  • 8. • They believe in a family hierarchy, with dad usually at the top, mom next, and children last. eric chisupa 8
  • 9. • Children in these families would not describe the relationship with their parents as close, warm, and loving. • The underlying assumption in this style is that “parents know best”. eric chisupa 9
  • 10. Low love and high limits. The parents make the rules, and the children obey them without question or negotiation. If the young child asks “why should I?”, the parent responds “because I said so” (often a legitimate answer). eric chisupa 10
  • 11. This is the most traditional parenting style historically, and is based on the use of power. Low love and high limits. Giving orders . eric chisupa 11
  • 12. High Love and Low Limits. Giving in Parents have difficulty setting firm limits and are inconsistent. Sometimes it works pretty well because children generally want to please their parents. eric chisupa 12
  • 13. • Parents view themselves as their children’s friend; they worry that their children will not like them if they set too many rules. Over time, children often become selfish, self-centered, and manipulative to get their own way…because they know they can. eric chisupa 13
  • 14. • Parents take a "hands-off" approach, allowing children to learn from the consequences of their actions eric chisupa 14
  • 15. Dr. Benjamin Spock was a leading child care authority of the late 1940’s -80’s. He encouraged a fairly permissive parenting style, excusing all manners of misbehavior in children as somehow perfectly normal. In his later years, after having children of his own, he expressed misgivings about some of the advice he had given. eric chisupa 15
  • 16. • Permissive parents often become bitter and resentful of their children. • They place their children’s needs above their own, and tire of the lack of respect or appreciation for all they do. • The children tend to have troubles with responsibility, relationships, and understanding the rights of others. eric chisupa 16
  • 17. Low Love and Low Limits Giving up Sometimes called an indifferent parenting style due to it’s lack of emotional involvement and supervision of the child. Generally considered as uncaring and inadequate to meet the needs of children. They might be indifferent, distant, unengaged, non- communicative, self-absorbed, unstructured, detached, and sometimes cruel. eric chisupa 17
  • 18. These parents usually do not consider themselves to be bad parents, but are operating under a mistaken set of beliefs about what a good parent does. Their attempts to do what they think needs to be done to raise their children ends up being neglectful or abusive. Many individuals or couples are simply not prepared for the demands of good parenting. Children take time, money, energy, effort, and good parenting skills.eric chisupa 18
  • 19. Giving choices High Love and High Limits.A balance of freedom and responsibility. Sometimes called the democratic or balanced parenting style, it relies on the principles of equality and trust. Parents and children are equal in terms of their need for dignity and worth but not in terms of responsibility and decision making. Parents model right and wrong by their words and deeds, and give reasons for limits; discipline is used to teach and guide, not punish or control. Parents present expectations to gain a child’s cooperation and respect, including demands of maturity. eric chisupa 19
  • 20. Children raised by this style learn to accept responsibility, make wiser choices, cope with change, and are better equipped to succeed in a work-force which relies on cooperative problem-solving. . eric chisupa 20
  • 21. there has been an increase in the number of people choosing not to marry and living alone in households, and a decrease in the number of married people living with their children in households. eric chisupa 21
  • 22. The “traditional” nuclear family, with a husband wage-earner, wife homemaker and dependent children, now accounts for less than 10 percent of all American households. Although statistically the traditional nuclear family grouping is the most successful one for raising children, it has not existed in the majority of homes. It once reached 46% for an all time high. Many factors have influenced the family picture historically, including life expectancy/mortality, child labor trends, women in the workforce, divorce rates, births to unwed mothers, etc. eric chisupa 22
  • 23. There is a direct correlation between a family founded on a lifelong marriage and low incidences of crime, addiction, abuse, illness, and underachievement. There is no doubt, statistically, that the children raised in a household with both biological parents are at an advantage. Fathers and mothers, men and women, interact differently with children. eric chisupa 23
  • 25. • A high amount of conversation and level of interaction between parents and children has an enormous, positive impact on a child's development. eric chisupa 25
  • 26. FAMILY MUST BE #1eric chisupa 26
  • 27.  When it’s been a long, hard day, are you still going to make the effort to read a bedtime story?  When your child wakes up in the morning too sick to go to school, are you going to leave them home alone so you can go to work? eric chisupa 27
  • 28. • Responsible adults make the decision to have children… they are not just “accidents”. • A couple must decide that the children will be a priority in their lives. eric chisupa 28
  • 29. • They must be willing to place their family’s needs in the proper perspective in relation to job, career, friends, personal interests, finances, demands on time, increased energy needed, and their marriage. eric chisupa 29
  • 30. Lower incomes relate to: 1. Lack of health insurance 2. Improper medical and dental care 3. Lack of immunizations 4. Hunger/malnutrition 5. Inadequate shelter. A key characteristic of single-parent families is the limited resources, including time, energy, and money available to them... whether the single parent is the mother or father. Nearly 60% of children in single parent families are living in poverty. Less than ½ of all child support is paid in full. eric chisupa 30
  • 31. Children in single-parent families are twice as likely to drop out of high school as children living full time in two-parent families. Children in single-parent homes are more likely to have their own marriages end in separation or divorce. Children in single-parent homes are at the highest risk for unmarried parenthood. eric chisupa 31
  • 32. The children are: more likely to go to prison. more likely to become rapists. more likely to be seriously abused. One-tenth as likely to get A's in school. On average have a 44% higher mortality rate. On average have a 72% lower standard of living. 43% of all children are living without the biological father in the home, due to divorce, unwed mothers, abandonment, death, etc. What are the results? eric chisupa 32
  • 33. 85% of all children that exhibit behavioral disorders, 90% of all homeless and runaway children, 71% of all high school dropouts, 75% of all adolescent patients in chemical abuse centers, 63% of children committing suicide, 70% of juveniles in state-operated institutions, and 85% of all youths sitting in prisons grew up in fatherless homes. eric chisupa 33
  • 34. Step families are commonly referred to as ‘blended families’. Single mothers of daughters are the least likely to remarry, citing fears that men they bring into the home would abuse their daughters. • Husband with children marries , no-kids wife. • Husband with children marries wife with children. • Mom with children marries no-kids husband. Mom with children marries dad with children. • Widow or widower with kids remarries. • Divorced or widowed parents of adult children marry. Etc. etc. etc. eric chisupa 34
  • 35. 1. At least some members of the family have experienced “loss”, an emotional crisis. 2. The biological parent and child have a longer history and stronger ties to each other than the couple does. 3. The children’s other biological parent does not belong to this family…and may belong to another family 4. Children from a previous marriage now have 2 families to deal with and schedule time with, including holidays and children’s birthdays, etc. 5. Stepparents don’t fill biological parent’s roles, including no legal rights 6. Over 1/3 of all children born now will live in a stepfamily household by the time they are 18 years old. 7. 60% of all remarriages end in divorce; over 50% of divorced people remarry within 5 years. Blended families have unique problems: eric chisupa 35
  • 36. Some families with children under age 18 have a family member age 65 or older living with them. . eric chisupa 36