#medical and #dental students # important for NEET

1. ANESTHESIA

2. GENERAL ANESTHESIA
•It is a reversible state of unconsciousness
with inability to respond to a
standardized surgical stimulus.

3. STAGES OF ANESTHESIA DESCRIBING THE
LEVEL OF CONSCIOUS SEDATION.
• Stage 1 – analgesia and conscious sedation
• Stage 2 – stage of delirium
• Stage 3- stage of surgical anesthesia
Plane 1 – pupils dilate progressively with the depth of anesthesia . Lid reflex, swallowing , retching
and vomiting get abolished. Corneal reflex present. Conjuctival reflex is absent . Pharyngeal reflex
lost.
Plane 2 – eye balls fixed, reflexes arising from the larynx also abolished.
Plane 3 – asynchrony between thoracic and abdominal movements . Progressive paralysis of
intercostal muscles, pupillary light reflex and the corneal reflex lost.
• Stage 4 – stage of respiratory paralysis.

4. IN CONSCIOUS SEDATION
For a 6 months old -3 years old children
Nothing by mouth (nil as per os (NPO)
• Clear liquids – upto 2-3 hours before surgery
• Breast milk – upto 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula and non human milk – upto 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal – upto 6-8 hours befre surgery.

5. CONCENTRATION OF N20 WITH EFFECTS
5-25% N2O causes- Moderate sedation
Diminution of fear and anxiety
Marked relaxation
25-45%N2O causes - Dissociation sedation and analgesia
Floating sensation
Reducing blinking rate
Euphoric state (laughing gas)
45-65% N2O causes Total anesthesia
Analgesia is complete
Marked amnesia

6. COLOR OF NITROUS OXIDE CYLINDER
Gas Colour of cylinder
oxygen Black body,black and white shouder
air Grey body, black and white shoulder
N2O Blue
Entonox (50% O2
+50%N2O)
Blue body ,white and blue quartered shoulder.
Cyclopropane orange
carbondioxide grey
Thiopentone
Halothne
Yellow
amber (purple and red)

7. PATIENT PREFERABLE POSITION IN RECOVERY
ROOM AGTER AMBULATORY GENERAL
ANESTHESIA
condition Position of patient
Preferable position lateral
Pregnant + syncope Left lateral position
Recovery from syncope Semireclined and Trendelenburg positions
During CPR Supine position
Orthostatic hypertension Reclined position
Congestive heart failure Upright position, supine avoided.
Trauma without cervical spine injury lateral
Trauma with cervical spine injury suspected supine