1. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
University of Toronto
Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering
APS112 & APS113
Final Design Specification (FDS)
Project # 101 Date April 1, 2015
Project Title Tri­Campus University of Toronto Lab Safety Program
Client Name Gina Trubiani
Client Contact gina.trubiani@utoronto.ca
Tutorial Section 18
Teaching Assistant Paul Ziade
Project Manager Philip Yaneff
Communication Instructor Catriona Wright
Prepared By (Names and Student #s of
Team Members)
Andrew Lagdameo,
Taha Rizvi,
Darren Lee,
Batikan Kavak,
Jesse Yang,
Yifei Chen
This Final Design Specification (the "Report") has been prepared by first­year engineering students at
the University of Toronto (the "Students") and does not present a Professional Engineering design. A
Professional Engineer has not reviewed the Report for technical accuracy or adequacy. The
recommendations of the Report, and any other oral or written communications from the Students, may
not be implemented in any way unless reviewed and approved by a licensed Professional Engineer
where such review and approval is required by professional or legal standards; it being understood that
it is the responsibility of the recipient of the Report to assess whether such a requirement exists.
The Report may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without this Disclaimer.

2. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Executive Summary
Our client, the associate director of the Office of Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Dr.
Gina Trubiani, has requested this design team to improve the existing lab safety manual found on
the EHS website. The Office of EHS is in need of an all in one safety manual which will contain
information applicable to all three University of Toronto campuses.
As a first step in satisfying the client’s need, the project requirements were established,
identifying the functions, objectives and constraints of the project. After this stage, the team has
created alternative solutions to the problem and as a result of several elimination processes, the
Tables and Text Safety Program was chosen as the proposed design by the team. Our client,
however, decided that a combination of this design with two of the other alternatives will satisfy
her need at a higher level.
In addition to hyperlinks and tables which identify the different rules and regulations between
campuses, the proposed design will now also have graphical and video content in order to
increase understandability while also giving the user the chance to access information in
different forms of media. By adding these features, the final design will both satisfy the project
requirements and the client’s need better than any of the other alternatives individually.
The cost for implementing this final design is considerably low. The manual will exist in the
form of a Microsoft Word document to make the editing and updating easy. This will then be
converted to a PDF file before being uploaded to the website. Thus, the Office of EHS will only
need to purchase Microsoft Word and a PDF editing software such as Adobe Reader Pro XI.
Other aspects that also have to be taken into account while finalizing the design are regulations
and standards such as the Human Pathogens and Toxins Act, Nuclear Safety and Control Act and
the Occupational Health and Safety Act. Sections that provide information on these regulations
will be included into the document. From a social and human factor point of view, the design
will create a safer working environment within the University of Toronto by training the users of
the manual more effectively through its content while also increasing and encouraging the
collaboration between the EHS Offices in different campuses.
As an end product, the client will be provided with an outline of the document which can be
considered a basic structure of the design. After content is added, it can be tested through
prototyping. The client can then organize this document at her will and upload a finalized version
to the website.

3. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
1.0 Project Requirements
Dr. Gina Trubiani of the Office of Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) has requested a new
lab safety program ​pertaining to biosafety, chemical, and radiological safety regulations. The
project requirements section will share the stakeholders, primary and secondary functions,
objectives, constraints, service environment and the client’s ethics and values to provide a
detailed view of the project.
1.1 Problem Statement
The client wishes to revise the current multidisciplinary lab safety program, used for experiments
performed at the University of Toronto [1]. Currently, the program is not up­to­date on current
regulations since its last update in October 2014 [1]. It is also difficult for users to find
information, since they must read through the program until they find their desired information
[1]. Furthermore, the program only caters to the St. George campus and excludes information
that is specific, but necessary, to the Mississauga and Scarborough campuses [1]. The gap is a
document that adheres to the current biological, radiological, and chemical regulations for use at
the University of Toronto campuses.
The need is a document that is updated to current regulations and better presents information that
will be uploaded to the EHS website. The design should inform the reader of the lab and safety
standards and regulations, while being concise, easy to navigate through , up­to­date, and lastly,
must contain all information necessary for the campuses.

4. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
1.2 Stakeholders
Various stakeholders’ interests have to be taken into consideration during the design process to
ensure a better solution that benefits society as a whole and satisfies the client’s needs.
Table 1: General interests of stakeholders and their implications
Stakeholders General Interests Implications
General Public
Public Health Agency of
Canada (PHAC)
Ensure their well being is not
affected by laboratory
accidents [2].
Safeguard health of
Canadians [3].
Objective:
Design must be effective in
conveying messages to users.
Function:
Design must contain updated
information.
City of Toronto Ensure people in the city are
safe and healthy.
Safeguard city’s reputation
on education standards.
Objective:
Design should be simple and
user­friendly to obtain
people’s trust.
Ministry of the Environment
and Climate Change
Preserve the quality of the
environment [4].
Ensure compliance of
environmental laws [4].
Objective:
Design’s environmental
impact should be minimal
from development until
decommissioning.
Health and Safety agencies
(i.e. Canadian Center for
Occupational Health and
Safety (CCOHS))
Ensure health and safety of
people working in labs [5]
[6].
Objective:
Design should contain latest
regulations to ensure safety
of people in labs.
World Health Organization
(WHO)
Protect public health.
Prevent virus outbreaks from
lab accidents [7].
Function:
Design should enable users to
fully understand latest
regulations.
Canadian Nuclear Safety
Commission (CNSC)
Ensure safety in
nuclear­related lab activities
[8] .
Objective:
Design should be effective in
conveying messages to users.

5. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
1.3 Functions
The functional basis of the design is to store information. This includes how to use the lab
equipment, safety and emergency procedures, and laboratory design aspects and training. The
primary and secondary functions of the design have been established using the black box method
found in Appendix A.
Primary function :
■​ ​Inform users about lab regulations and standards.
Secondary functions :
As a result of the primary functions the design will also:
■​ ​Train users on how to use lab equipment.
■​ ​Inform users about lab safety and how to create and work in a safe environment.
■​ ​Educate users about the necessary actions during emergencies.

6. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
1.4 Objectives
Objectives are used to compare solutions to this project. Seven out of eight brainstormed
objectives were considered relevant to this project and are arranged from highest to lowest
priority using a pairwise comparison chart found in Appendix B.
Table 2: Objectives, objective goals, and metrics of the design
Objective Goal Metric
Understandable Understandable by intended
users to ensure that lab
regulations are adhered to
[9].
ISO/IEC TR 9126­3:2003
[10]
Concise Sections should contain 55
words or less, amount read
by an average person on an
111 wordweb page [11].
Word counter
Updateable Ensure lab regulations are
constantly up­to­date.
Easy to Use Reduce time consumption
and human errors [12] (i.e
getting the wrong
information).
ISO 9241­210:2010 [13]
Easy to Access Available on at least two
platforms.
Number of platforms
Aesthetically Appealing Convey information more
effectively [14].
ISO/IEC 25010:2011 [15]
Environmentally Friendly Reduce design’s
environmental impact.
ISO 14001:2004 [16]

7. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
1.5 Constraints:
Constraints are absolute limits that the design must adhere to. The design shall follow the
following constraints strictly without any violations.
■​ ​The newly designed Lab Safety Manual on the EHS website shall be updated to the latest
version.
■​ ​The Lab Safety Manual shall be in accordance with the University Health and Safety
Policy and the provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Act of Ontario [17].
■​ ​The Lab Safety Manual shall be both uploadable online and printable.
■​ ​The Lab Safety Manual shall contain information specific to each campus [1].
■​ ​The Lab Safety Manual must not be open for editing by users.

8. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
1.6 Service Environment
1.6.1 Physical Environment
The designed manual will serve as a guide for the laboratories in the three University of Toronto
campuses, all located in the Greater Toronto Area.
1.6.2 Living Things
■​ ​Users
■​ ​Individuals who intend to obtain information in the laboratory safety manual.
■​ ​Generally includes:
■​ ​Laboratory workers (e.g. faculty, staff, student), laboratory
supervisors/principal investigators, visitors and others [17].
■​ ​Educational status:
■​ ​It is assumed most users received high school education and may have
professional knowledge in varying degrees [18].
■​ ​Languages used by users:
■​ ​Since the academic language used in the University of Toronto ​is English,
it is assumed most users speak English [19].
■​ ​Human attention span statistics:
■​ ​Average time people concentrate on a task without becoming distracted: 8
seconds [11].
■​ ​17% stop browsing the internet page after staying on the page for 4
seconds [11].
1.6.3 Virtual Environment
The laboratory safety manual will be a document uploaded online. The website that includes the
link of the PDF version of the manual is: ​http://www.ehs.utoronto.ca/resources/manindex.htm
[1]​.
​■​ ​Website is run by University of Toronto.
■​ ​IP location is 128.100.131.140 [21].
■​ ​Website does not support meta viewport. Pages on this website cannot fit on smaller
screens on mobile devices [20].
1.7 Client Ethics and Values
Dr.Gina Trubiani is the Associate Director of the Office of EHS [22]. ​Our client has​ no ethical

9. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
policies or political values that will significantly impact the project.

10. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
2.0 Detailed Design
The proposed design for the project is a combination of three alternative designs that were
presented in the Alternative Designs section of the CDS document. After a third meeting with the
client, the team decided that a combination of the Tables and Text Safety Program, Animated
Video Safety Program, and the Graphical Safety Program will satisfy the client’s need and the
functions, objectives, and constraints more effectively.
The proposed design will contain all lab safety information present in the Mississauga,
Scarborough, and St.George campuses in one document. This document will be created via
Microsoft Word, converted to a PDF file, and uploaded to the EHS website. The document will
start with a table of contents identifying sections the manual contains. Each section of the manual
will start by giving general information that apply to all three campuses. At the end of each
section, there will be a table containing additional campus specific information. Based on the
amount of campus specific information, it will either be provided in the document (Figure 1), or
there will be a link within the table that opens another document containing the additional
information (Figure 2). For example, in the emergency procedures section, if the only difference
for each campus is the number to call in case of an emergency (i.e. campus police), this
information will be given within the document. However, if there are sections in which each
campus has its own specific document, such as the Hazardous Spill Control Procedures, a link to
this separate document will be provided within the table.

11. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Figure 1 ­ When the amount of information is suitable, it will be presented within the document
Figure 2 ­ If the amount of information is not suitable to be included in a table the user can
access the online file for campus specific information by clicking on the links in the table.
Other features of the design are the graphic and video content. At the beginning of some
sections, graphics and links to videos will be provided to the user if this makes it easier to
understand the information in that section. In the case of graphics, an illustration of the
information will be made by the EHS staff and added where appropriate in that section (Figure

12. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
3). Additionally, videos which demonstrate the content of a section (i.e. how to dispose of
biological waste, how to use a fire extinguisher) will be made by the staff and uploaded to
Youtube (Figure 4). In the beginning of each section with this feature, a link to the video will be
provided to the user by creating a hyperlink on the PDF version of the document [23] (See
Appendix C).
Figure 4 ­ Illustrative videos related to the text can be opened by clicking on the links
Also, in order to help the user access a specific section easily and without having to scroll down
the document, internal links will be created on the PDF version of the document [24] (See

13. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Appendix D). With internal links, the user will click on the desired section and the document will
automatically scroll down to the page where that section is (Figure 5).
Figure 5 ­ The user can access any section in the table of contents by clicking on the section
titles.
Lastly, updates to the manual will be made on the Microsoft Word version of the manual when
needed. Once editing is completed and all new information and graphical content is added to the
Microsoft Word document, it will be converted to a PDF document once again. After the
necessary hyper and internal links are created on the PDF version, the document will be
uploaded to the EHS website, replacing the older version.
The following tables provide information on how the functions, objectives, and constraints for
the problem were satisfied by the final design.
Table 3: How functions were met by the design
Primary Function How it was addressed
Inform users about lab regulations and
standards.
● Lab safety information from all three
campuses are presented in one
document.
● Information present in the document is
derived from all relevant standards
and regulations put forth by regulatory
bodies (whether governmental or
non­governmental).
Secondary Functions How it was addressed

14. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Train users to use lab equipment.
Inform users about lab safety and how to
create and work in a safe environment.
Educate users about the necessary actions
during emergencies.
● Graphics­aided instructions are
present to increase effectiveness of
conveying information to users [25]
[26].
● Links leading to videos are also
present. These videos include
information on lab safety and
demonstrations on how to use certain
lab equipment.
Table 4: How the final design meets the objectives
Objectives How it was addressed
Understandable The document contains several forms of multimedia.
● Videos and graphics are used to supplement the text,
providing greater understanding [25] [27].
● Tables highlight the differences in information
between the three campuses.
Concise ● Fewer words are required to explain a concept when
a picture or video is provided [26].
● Tables highlight relationships hidden in text,
eliminating the need to explain said relationship
using more words [28].
Updatable The manual can be converted to a Word file when new
regulations need to be implemented. The document can then
be re­uploaded onto the website as a PDF file.
● The client, Dr. Trubiani, can make these changes
when necessary. A technician is not needed to make
these changes.
Easy to Use A specific section can be accessed in the manual by clicking
the internal link in the table of contents. This allows the user
to navigate through the manual with ease.
Aesthetically Appealing The various forms of multimedia create a more vibrant and
engaging lab manual.
Environmentally Friendly The entire lab manual can be accessed online when there is
wifi. The manual has been designed to primarily be used
online.

15. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice

16. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Table 5: How the design met the constraints
Constraints:
The design shall...
​How it was addressed
be updated to the latest version. The outline contains only the most current
information provided by the client.
be in accordance with the University Health
and Safety Policy and the provisions of the
Occupational Health and Safety Act of
Ontario.
All content in the manual abides by the
regulations set by the aforementioned
stakeholders.
be available online and offline. The manual provides both options for the
user.
● The manual has been designed to
primarily be used online.
○ video and graphics can only be
accessed in this version.
● The PDF version of the manual,
without graphics and videos, can be
downloaded and printed from the EHS
website.
contain information specific to each campus
[1].
Tables within the manual will be used to
outline differences in regulations between the
three campuses. Elsewise, the manual will be
the same for all three campuses.
not be open for editing by users. Only the client, Dr. Trubiani, and her
colleagues have access to the EHS website,
where the manual will be uploaded.
The client will be provided with an outline in the form of a word document. This document will
act as a framework that can be filled in by the client and then uploaded to their website. All
topics covered in each of the three campuses’ lab safety programs will be added, organized by
section number in a table of contents. Each topic in the document will have a heading, and
information on that topic from all three programs will be added under that heading, with obvious
overlaps in information excluded. The team will add in recommendations as to where the client
should add tables, graphics, or links to videos in order to best achieve the objectives mentioned
beforehand. All fillable forms (i.e, emergency contact forms) will also be added as separate
documents.

17. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
The feature to scroll down will not be implemented, as this is a feature of a PDF and can be
implemented by the client once the document is converted. Furthermore, the client must finish
revising the text in each section, and may add graphics, tables and videos where indicated before
converting and uploading the document.
2.1 Regulations, Standards, and Intellectual Property
This section covers applicable regulations and standards that affect the design. It is important for
this design to abide by several regulations and standards as they affect the safety of the users. In
this case, the matter of intellectual property does not have a large enough impact such that it
should be detailed in this document.
Table 6: Regulations and Standards
Standard/Regulation Summary Impact on Design
Human Pathogens and Toxins
Act [29]
Details the prohibitions
related to the creation,
storage, and disposal of
pathogens and toxins.
Document will include a
section pertaining to access,
creation, storage, etc. of
pathogens and toxins.
Nuclear Safety and Control
Act [30]
Details regulations regarding
the handling of radioactive
material.
A section will involve the
lawful way to dispose of
radioactive material.
Occupational Health and
Safety Act [31]
Explains the responsibilities
of employers to their
employees and of employees
in a hazardous workplace.
Responsibilities of
supervisors to safeguard the
lab users in various ways and
employees to report accidents
will be discussed.

18. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
2.2 Testing
This section introduces testing methods that will be used to ensure effectiveness of design in
fulfilling project requirement.
Table 7: Tests to determine how well the design meets the top three objectives
Objective Method of
Testing
Test Standard /
Steps of testing
Metrics
Understandable Prototyping ISO/IEC TR 9126­3:2003
[10] :
Users are asked to use the
prototype to determine the
number of apparent sections
according to several aspects
(Appendix E).
The ratio of the number
determined by users to the
actual number should be as
close as possible to one.
Concise Prototyping A word counter is used to
count the number of words in
each section.
Ideally, the number of words
per section should be less
than 55 words to
accommodate the average
human attention span [11].
Updateable By design Contents of the design must
be updateable at all times by
authorised users.
Design will only be
considered if it is updateable.

19. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
2.3 Implementation Requirements
To implement the proposed design, the following may be required.
● Software purchasing
○ software (e.g., Microsoft Word) to edit the manual.
○ PDF editing software (e.g., Adobe Acrobat XI Pro) used to convert word
document into PDF format and edit PDF documents.
○ Flash Reader and player (e.g. Adobe flash) used to edit the video, documents, and
tables.
● All updates made to the document will be performed by the Office of EHS. There are no
extra costs associated with updating and maintaining the document.
● An email or some form of notification should be sent to members of all University of
Toronto campuses, informing them of the change in the program.
2.4 Life Cycle and Environmental Impact
The use of the manual will have the following impact on the environment. To reduce the
negative impact on the environment, suggestions are provided.
Table 8: Negative impacts on the environment and suggested mitigations
Materials that will
be used
Negative Impact Suggested mitigation for that
impact
Paper ● Process to produce paper
pollutes water with
industrial waste [32].
● Manual is accessible
online.
● Add blurbs on the
beginning of each page
reminding the user of the
environmental impacts of
printing
Ink ● 4.8 kilograms of carbon
dioxide are emitted to
produce one cartridge of
toner [33].
● Printing inks contain
chemicals such as
formaldehyde and heavy
metals which can be
● Use environmentally
friendly inks to reduce the
negative effects.

20. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
hazardous to the
environment and human
bodies.
2.5 Human Factors
This section analyzes how the design interacts with users on different levels (i.e, physical,
psychological). Addressing these different levels through the design’s features is integral to its
success, especially since the nature of the design dictates that it comes into direct contact with
users.
Table 9: How the proposed design addresses various human factors
Human Factor How it is Addressed
Psychological ● Sections are ordered in a logical, predictable manner (alphabetically
or by section number).
○ Easier to find topics of interest.
● Tables​ ​help readers see relationships hidden in long passages of text
[28].
● Pictures and videos enable users to visualize and more easily
understand processes [34].
Team ● Responsibilities of all lab users are clearly defined.
○ Defines the user’s role in the lab and also establishes a chain
of authority.
● Knowing what is expected of one’s self, supervisors, and
teammates improves communication between (and performance of)
all parties.
○ Problems or questions can be brought immediately to
individuals who are equipped to handle the issue.
Organizational ● Tri­campus manual encourages collaboration (in updating the
document and discussing changes to be made) between Offices of
EHS at different campuses, increasing the quality of work at an
administrative level.
Political ● Content in the document will adhere to and reflect the chemical,
radiological, and biological safety regulations put forth by

21. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
regulatory bodies such as CCOHS, PHAC, and CNSC.
2.6 Social Impact
The primary social impact of the lab safety manual is to create a safer University of Toronto.
With the implementation of tables, videos, and graphics the lab safety manual will be easier to
use and more interactive. With multiple methods to present the information, all users will be
able to recognize the precautions necessary for the labs. Students and faculty in labs will have
greater understanding of safety regulations, mitigating the effects of potential accidents. The
proposed lab safety manual will also reflect the strong interconnection between all three
campuses, promoting the idea of an inter­campus community.
Affected Stakeholders
● PHAC, CNSC, and the Ministry of Health:
○ The safety of the individuals conducting the lab and the general public.
○ Lab accidents may pose a threat to nearby residents.
■ The newly designed manual will train users more effectively.
2.7 Economics
This section will provide information on the capital and operating costs of the design. Disposal
costs were not considered since there are no costs associated with the EHS to delete a PDF
document.
Table 10: Capital Costs
Equipment Price
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro
14.99 USD/month with annual commitment
or
24.99 USD/month without annual
commitment [35]
Microsoft Word 2013 119.00 CAD* [36]
*Microsoft Word is offered by the University of Toronto to its students and officers at no cost.

22. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Operating Costs:
Although there is a labour and maintenance cost associated with the design since the final
version must be created and periodically updated, these tasks will be fulfilled by the staff
member of EHS. Consequently, the labour and maintenance costs are not considered.
3.0 Project Management Plan
The following chart provides information about workflow outline for the project in the month of
April. The Gantt chart, which contains internal deadlines and tasks, is included in Appendix F.
Table 11: Outline of workflow in April 2015
Date Project Milestones Description
April 22, 2015
(9:15 A.M.)
Final Presentation The client will be invited to watch final
presentation.
4.0 Conclusion/Recommendation
The final design was formed based on a combination of three alternative designs­ namely the
Tables and Text Safety Program, Animated Video Safety Program, and the Graphical Safety
Program­ to fulfill the client’s needs and project requirements more effectively.
Further research was also performed for a better understanding on how the final design will
affect the environment and the society during its operation. The research also provided an insight
on implementation requirements, human factors and current standards and regulations that
affected the design. Also, methods to test the design was determined to ensure that the design
meets the project requirement.
A basic outline of the design will be given to the client as a final product before the final
presentation. The outline serves as a template for a potential lab safety manual website.

23. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
5.0 References
[1] Dr.Gina Trubiani. Private Communication (Jan 2015).
[2] D. Normile. “Mounting Lab Accidents Raise SARS Fear” (Apr. 2004).
Available: ​Science New Series, ​vol. 304, no. 5671, pp 659, 30
[3] Public Health Agency of Canada ( February 6, 2015). ​About the Agency​[online]​.
Available:​ ​http://www.phac­aspc.gc.ca/about_apropos/index­eng.php
[4] Ontario (2015). ​About the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change​ [Online]​.
Available:
https://www.ontario.ca/government/about­ministry­environment­and­climate­change
[5] CCOHS (February 14, 2014). ​About CCOHS​ [Online]. Available:
http://www.ccohs.ca/ccohs/about_website.html
[6] “Lab Safety Report May Affect OSHA Regs.” ​BioScience​, vol. 30, no. 12, pp 859, Dec.
1980.
[7] D. Normile. “Lab Accidents Prompt Calls for New Containment Program.”
Science : New Series, ​vol. 304, no. 5675, pp 1223­1225, 28 May 2004.
[8] Government of Canada ( March 26, 2014 ). ​Our Mission ​[Online]. Available:
http://nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/about­us/our­mission.cfm
[9] J.M. Moravcsik. “Understanding.” ​Dialectica, ​vol. 33, no. 3/4, pp. 201­216, 1979.
[10] Software engineering ­ Product quality ­ Part 3: Internal metrics, ISO/IEC TR
9126­3:2003.
[11] Statistic Brain (January 1, 2014). ​Attention Span Statistics​ [Online]. Available:
http://www.statisticbrain.com/attention­span­statistics/
[12] T. Eichele ​et al.​ “​Prediction of Human Errors by Maladaptive Changes in Event­Related
Brain Networks.” ​Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America, ​vol. 105, no. 16, pp. 6173­6178, 22 Apr. 2008.
[13] Ergonomics of human­system interaction ­ Part 210: Human­centred design for
interactive systems, ​ISO 9241­210:2010.

24. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
[14] D. E. W. Fenner. “Aesthetic Experience and Aesthetic Analysis.” ​Journal of Aesthetic
Education, ​vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 40­53, 2003.
[15] Systems and software engineering ­ Systems and software Quality Requirements and
Evaluation (SQuaRE) ­ System and software quality models​, ISO/IEC 25010:2011.
[16] Environmental management systems ­ Requirements with guidance for use, ​ISO
14001:2004.
[17] Environmental Health and Safety. (October, 2012). ​Lab Safety Program Ver. 1.3.
[Online]. Available:
http://www.ehs.utoronto.ca/Assets/ehs+Digital+Assets/ehs3/Chemical+Safety/Laboratory
+Safety+Manual.pdf
[18] Environmental Health and Safety. (Nov, 2014). ​Safety Guidelines and Considerations for
Youth in Research Laboratories.​ [Online]. Available:
http://www.ehs.utoronto.ca/Assets/ehs+Digital+Assets/ehs3/policies/Youth.in.Labs.Guid
elines.pdf
[19] University of Toronto. (2014). ​English Language Requirements. ​[Online]. Available:
http://www.adm.utoronto.ca/admissions/?p1=true&domain=adm&page=ept
[20] Site Analyzer. (2014). ​Analysis Report of
http://www.ehs.utoronto.ca/resources/manindex.htm. ​[Online]. Available:
http://www.site­analyzer.com/en/audit/http://www.ehs.utoronto.ca/resources/manindex.ht
m​.
[21] IP Location. (2014). ​How to find geolocation of an IP Address?​[Online]. Available:
http://www.iplocation.net/
[22] University of Toronto (n.d.). Environmental Health & Safety [Online]. Available:
http://www.hrandequity.utoronto.ca/about­hr­equity/Environmental_Health___Safety.ht
[23] B. Michael. (n.d.). ​How to Make a Hyperlink Work in a PDF​. [Online]. Available:
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/make­hyperlink­work­pdf­28704.html
[24] R. Borstein. (April.2010). ​Creating Hyperlinks in Adobe Acrobat​. [Online]. Available:
http://blogs.adobe.com/acrolaw/2010/04/creating­hyperlinks­in­adobe­acrobat/

25. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
[25] Roundpeg (August.2014) .​Pictures Speak Louder Than Words. ​[Online] Available:
http://www.roundpeg.biz/2014/08/pictures­speak­louder­words/
[26] Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
(August, 1997). ​Neural Correlates of the Episodic Encoding of Pictures and Words.
[Online]
Available:​ ​http://www.pnas.org/content/95/5/2703.full
[27] T. Anderson. (2008). ​The Theory and Practice of Online Learning.
(2nd­edition).[Online].pp.175.Available:
https://books.google.ca/books?id=RifNwzU3HR4C&pg=PA175&dq=graphic+videos+in
crease+attention+span&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jQL2VM3DI4OWyATo­4H4Ag&ved=0CDA
Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=graphic%20videos%20increase%20attention%20span&f=fals
e
[28] PlainLanguage.gov (n.d). ​Use Tables to Make Complex Material Easier to Understand.
[Online]. Available:
http://www.plainlanguage.gov/howto/guidelines/FederalPLGuidelines/writeTables.cfm
[29] Government of Canada (​2009­06­23​)​ Human Pathogens and Toxins Act ​[Online]
Available: ​http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/H­5.67/page­1.html#docCont
[30] Government of Canada (​1997­03­20​) ​Nuclear safety and control act ​[Online] Available:
http://laws­lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N­28.3/page­1.html#docCont
[31] Government of Canada (R.R.O. 1990, REGULATION 833) ​Control of exposure to
biological or chemical agents ​[Online] Available:
http://www.e­laws.gov.on.ca/html/regs/english/elaws_regs_900833_e.htm
[32] Planetark (n.d.) ​The environmental impact of paper production ​[Online] Available:
http://papercutz.planetark.org/paper/impact.cfm
[33] Getdimples (n.d.) ​The environmental impact of ink​ Available:
http://getdimples.com/the­environmental­impact­of­ink/
[34] World Wide Web Consortium​ (n.d.) ​Providing visual illustrations, pictures, and symbols
to help explain ideas, events, and processes​ [Online] Available:
http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20­TECHS/G103.html

26. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
[35]​ ​Adobe Systems.​ (n.d.). ​Pricing​. [Online]. Available:
http://www.adobe.com/ca/products/acrobat/pricing.html
[36] Microsoft.​ (n.d). ​Word 2013 Pricing​. [Online]. Available:
http://www.microsoftstore.com/store/msca/en_CA/pdp/Word­2013/productID.260245900

27. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Appendices
Appendix A: Black Box Method
The Black Box Method was used as a tool to generate possible functions of the design
Input:
1.Mass
2.Information
Who wants to see
topic the users are interested in
what form of media the user wants the information to displayed in
Output:
1.Mass
2.Information
Show the relevant information.

28. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Appendix B: Pairwise Comparison Chart
The following chart was used to order seven objectives in terms of importance from A­G.
Table 12: Pairwise Comparison Chart
Objectives A B C D E F G Total
A / 0 1 1 0 1 1 4
B 1 / 1 0 0 1 1 4
C 0 0 / 0 0 1 1 2
D 0 1 1 / 1 1 1 5
E 1 1 1 0 / 1 1 5
F 0 0 0 0 0 / 1 2
G 0 0 0 0 0 0 / 1
Legend:​ “/ “ : Not applicable
“1”: Objective in row is more important than objective in column.
“0”:​ ​Objective in row is less important than objective in column.
Objective A: Updatable
Objective B: User­friendly
Objective C: Easy to Access //Accessible offline
Objective D: Understandable
Objective E: Concise
Objective F: Aesthetically appealing
Objective G: Environmental friendly

29. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
​Appendix C: How to create links to a website on a PDF document
Available: ​http://smallbusiness.chron.com/make­hyperlink­work­pdf­28704.html

30. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Appendix D: How to create internal links on a PDF document

31. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Available: ​http://blogs.adobe.com/acrolaw/2010/04/creating­hyperlinks­in­adobe­acrobat/
Appendix E: Aspects Tested under Test Standard ISO/IEC TR 9126­3:2003
■​ ​Completeness of description.
■​ ​Users are asked to determine the number of sections that were sufficiently
described.
■​ ​Evident Functions
■​ ​Users are asked to determine the number of evident functions.
■​ ​Function Understandability
■​ ​Users are asked to determine the number of understandable user interface
functions.
■​ ​Message Clarity
■​ ​Users are asked to determine the number of sections with clear explanations.

32. Engineering​ ​Strategies and Practice
Appendix F: Gantt Chart Outlining Work Schedule from January to April
*The critical path is identified in red in all charts.
Project View from start of Project to End of CDS:
Note:​ Subtasks of Task 1,2 and 3 are hidden in order to make all tasks fit.
Project View after CDS: