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Manufacturing PVC Additives
1. Manufacturing PVC Additives
Chandran Udumbasseri, Technical consultant
cudumbasseri@yahoo.co.in.
Introduction
PVC is one of the versatile thermoplastic which finds use in many industries. Packing, sewerage, buildings,
furniture, automobile, etc industries find PVC as a major raw material for developing different types of products
through different types of molding methods. As PVC is a thermoplastic the material has to be heated to a
melting temperature and the molten mass filled the molds which are cooled to make the required products. This
molding process needs a heating step where the PVC can get decomposed to degraded materials and molding
cannot be performed. So additives are used to keep the stability of the material during tis heating, cooling and
final product releasing process. The additives used are, heat stabilizers, plasticizers, processing aids, lubricants,
etc. Additives like UV stabilizers are added to preserve material stability during environmental usage where
exposure to sun light cause UV absorption and there by deterioration.
Heat Stabilizers
Most of the old time PVC heat stabilizers are based on lead monoxide. As lead is a toxic material its use is
reduced for producing domestic items, children’s toys, potable water pipes, drinking water bottles, etc where the
material leaches and enter human metabolism. Still lead based heat stabilizers very superior to other types of
stabilizers.
Processing Methods
Most of the powdered stabilizer materials needed only jacketed horizontal blenders with central screw type
mixer
Flow Chart
Machinery
1. Blender + Reaction Vessel
2. Horizontal screw blender
3. Centrifuge
4. Dryer
5. Crusher
6. Heater
Tri Basic Lead Sulfate (TBLS)
2. Charge the horizontal blender the litharge and sulfuric acid and blend until all the sulfuric acid is reacted. Pass
steam or hot oil through the jacket to heat the material and remove water of reaction.
Quantity
100KG TBLS
Litharge = 91.80Kgs
Sulfuric acid (98%) = 10.07Kgs
Di Basic Lead Stearate (DBLS)
Ingredients are litharge and stearic acid
Quantity
100KG DBLS
Litharge = 55.30Kgs
Stearic acid = 46.92Kgs
Lead Stearate (LS)
The raw materials are litharge and stearic acid
Quantity
100KG LS
Litharge = 28.86Kgs
Stearic acid = 73.46Kgs
Zinc Stearate (ZnS)
Raw materials are Zinc oxide and stearic acid
Quantity
100Kg
Zinc Oxide = 12.89Kgs
Stearic acid = 89.96Kgs
Barium Stearate (BS)
Raw materials are Barium hydroxide and stearic acid
Quantity
100KG
Barium hydroxide = 44.80Kgs
Stearic acid = 80.75Kgs
Magnesium Stearate (MgS)
Raw materials are Magnesium hydroxide and stearic acid
Quantity
100KG
Magnesium hydroxide = 9.88Kgs
Stearic acid = 96.22Kgs
Aluminum Stearate (AlS)
3. Raw materials are aluminum hydroxide and stearic acid
Quantity
100KG
Aluminum hydroxide = 8.90Kgs
Stearic acid = 97.27Kgs
Calcium Stearate (CS)
Raw materials are calcium hydroxide and stearic acid
Quantity
100KG
Calcium hydroxide = 12.22Kgs
Stearic acid = 93.73Kgs
Liquid stabilizers
Formulations are given below. Raw materials should be manufactured separately.
Barium-Lead epoxy stabilizer
Quantity
100KG
Barium nonylphenate = 30
Lead octoate = 48
Trinonylphenyl phosphate = 18
Epoxy plasticizer = 04
Zinc-Lead stabilizer
Quantity
100KG
Zinc octoate = 50
Lead octoate = 40
Mineral turpentine oil= 10
Barium-Cadmium stabilizer
Quantity
100Kg
Barium nonylphenate = 35
MTO = 15
Cadmium octoate = 25
Benzoic acid = 05
Triobase
Quantity
1000Kg
Water = 352.11Kgs
Litharge = 563.38Kgs
Sulfuric acid = 077.47Kgs
