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 Student Teacher Name - Dolly
Srivastav Name of evaluator -
 Subject - Nursing education
 Topic -Management of nursing educational institutions
 Group - M.Sc nursingprevious
 Venue - Classroom
 Date and Time -
 Duration -45 minutes
 Method of Teaching - Lecture cum discussion
 A.V. Aids -PPT, black board and chart
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
 At the end of the class students will gain an in depth knowledge about management of nursing institutions and will be
able to apply knowledge in their futurepractice.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the class the group will be able to...
 Define the Management of nursing educational institutions.
 Describe briefly the Managementof nursing educational institutions.
 Enlist components of management of nursing educational institution.
 State the components of management of nursing educational institution.
 Elaborate planning and organizing for management of nursing educational institutions
 State the basic requisite for nursing educational institution.
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
1.
At the end of
the class the
students willbe
able to
To
explainbriefly
the
management of
nursing
educational
institutions
2.min SELF INTRODUCTION:-
My name is saddam and today’s teaching topic is management
of nursing educational institutions. This topic is related to
nursing education subject unit 14th.
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
The concept of management is associated with the phenomena
of group activity. Everywhere in a modern society, we finda
group of people working inall spheres of humanactivity.
Management is the process of efficiently getting activities
completed with and through other people. Educational
administration includes the techniques and procedures employed
inoperating the educational organizations in accordance with
established policies. It is same in the administration of the
nursing educational institutions, such as college of nursing and
school of nursing include maintenance, management and
developmental management. It includes the management of
man,money, material, activity and time.
It also involves the management functions such as planning,
organizing, directing, recruiting, staffing controlling, budgeting,
staff development etc.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What do you
understand by
management?
To define
management
MEANING
Management means the art of getting things done through
people.
DEFINITION
It is a Process that involves the guidance or direction of a group
or people toward achieving organizational goals or objectives.
Process with both interpersonal and technical aspects, through
which the objectives of an organization are accomplished by
utilizing human and physical resources andtechnology.
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
2. To enlist the
components of
2.min COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT OF
NURSING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What are the
components of
management
of nursing
education
 PLANNING
 ORGANIZING
 HUMAN RESOURCE PLANING
 RECRUITMENT
 BUDGETING
 DISCPLINE
 PUBLIC RELATTIONS
 PERFORMANCE APPRAISEL
 ACADEMIC AUDIT
 STAFF WELFARE SEERVICES
management of
nursing
education?
 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
LIBRARY
HOSTEL
ETC…
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
3. To describe 2.min
planning
PLANNING
“If you are failing to plan you are planning to fail”.
Lecture cum
PPT,
and board How will you
discussion plan for an
Planning – determining the long-and short-termobjectives (ends)
of the institution or unitand theactions (means) that must be
taken to achievethese objectives.
It is the first and fundamental function ofmanagement because
all other management functionsare dependent on it. Planning is
deciding what is to bedone, when it is to be done, how it is to be
done andwho is to do it. Planning is the process of determining
how the institution can get where it wantsto go. Planning is the
process of determining exactlywhat the institution willdo to
accomplish itsobjectives. In more formal terms, planning has
beendefined as ‘the systematic development of
actionprogrammes aimed at reaching agreed objectives by
theprocess of analyzing, evaluating and selecting amongthe
opportunities which are foreseen. Educational planning is
determined as a set of decisions for action during a specific
period of time directed for achieving institutional goals
Functions ofplanning
 Educational planning is futuristic.
 Its goal oriented.
 It forms the basis for all other functions.
 It’s an intellectual activity.
 It is pervasive.
 It is a continuous process.
educational
institution?
Institutional planning
It is a program of development and improvement prepared by an
educational institution on the basis of its felt needs and the
resources available with a view to improving its programs and
practices.
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
4. To Explain
about
2.min Importance of institutional planning
 Planning helps to formulate the objectives clear and
specific and gives a plan of action
 To increase the chances of success by focusing on
results, not on activities.
 To force analyticthinking and evaluation of alternatives,
therefore improving decisions.
 To establish a framework for decision making consistent
with top management objectives.
 To orient people to action, instead ofreaction.
 To help avoid crisis management and provide decision-
making flexibility.
 To provide a basis for managing organizational and
individual performance.
 To increase employee involvement and improve
communication.
 To promote cost-effectiveness.
 To includeday-to-day and future-focused management.
 A systematic and orderly educational planning act as a
motivating force to the employees to contribute to the
goals.
ORGANIZING
“A structural frame work of relationships”.
Definition : The grouping of activities for the purpose of
achieving objectives, the assignment of each grouping to a
manager with authority for supervising the group, and the
defined means of coordinating appropriate activities with other
units, horizontally and vertically, that are responsible for
accomplishing organizational objectives.
Purposes of organizing:
 To sustain the philosophy, achieve the vision and
accomplish the mission and objectives of the
organization
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What do you
understand by
institutional institutional
planning planning?
To define the
organizing
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
5. To describe
the purpose of
2.min  Will show the part each person willplay inthe general
social pattern as well as the responsibilities, relationships
and standards of performance.
There are six steps in the organizing process:
1. Establish overall objectives
2. Formulate supporting objectives, policies and plans
3. Identify and classify activities necessary to accomplish
the objectives
4. Group the activities inlightof the human and material
resources available and the best way of usingthem under
the circumstances
5. Delegate to the head of each group and the authorities
necessary to perform the activities
6. Tiethe groups together horizontally and vertically,
through authority relationships, andinformation systems.
Delegation of authority
 Delegation is the process of assigning part or all of one
person’s responsibility to another person orpersons.
 Delegating is an effective management competency by
which nurse managers get the work done through the
employees.
 Thepurpose of delegation isefficiency; nooneperson can
do all the work that must be done; therefore, some work
must be passed on, or delegated to others.
 However, it must be remembered that, even when an
activity is delegated to someone else, the ultimate
responsibility for that activity still belongs to the
institutional leader (i.e. the person who delegated the
activity.
Elements of delegation
 Authority
 Responsibility
 Accountability
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
Describe the
purpose of
organizing organizing?
To Explain
delegation
What are the
Describe the elements of
elements of delegation?
delegation
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
6. Describe the
Obstaclesof
2.min Obstacles to delegation
The obstacles to effective delegation may rest either with the
superior or with the subordinate.
The obstacles with the superior
 Unfamiliarity with the art of delegation
 Reluctance ofdelegate
 Attitude towards subordinate
 Fear of subordinate
The obstacles with the subordinate
 Not willing to assume responsibility/ take risk
 Lack of self-confidence and initiative and fear of failure.
 Lack of incentives.
 Lack of required resources.
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANING
“Planning for the right kind of people for the right job at the
right time”.
Human resource management is the process of acquiring and
retaining the organization's human resource.
Acquisition of human resource includes human resource
planning, recruitment, selection and orientation
Retention activities include performance appraisal, placement,
training and development, discipline and corrective counseling,
compensation and benefit administration, safety, and health.
Acquiring Human Resource
Human resource planning precedes the other acquiring
activities. Because organizations are dynamic, these needs
change. The work force must be considered inthe context of a
changing environment: present staff must be retained and new
employees recruited to meet changing needs. Staff needs in
educational Organizations are driven by Organizational growth:
occurs through increased demand for services, higher
occupancy, facility expansion and the addition of new services
or intensifying services.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What are the
obstacles of
delegation delegation?
To state the What is the
meaning of meaning of
HRP HRP?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
7.
To
Enlist the steps
of HRP
2.min Retaining Employeesthe Retaining activities include,
performance appraisal, training and development, discipline and
compensation administration.
E.G. Human resource in college
Teacher as a resource as most of the classroom activities are
dominated and controlled by the teacher, his knowledge, skills,
experiences and competencies decide to a large extent, the
effectiveness of teaching.
Studentas a resource as a student can also help inmaking
instruction joyful, interesting, useful and effective. In classroom
there are student with varied personalities, socioeconomic
backgrounds and intellectual abilities. If all these are explored
and integrated into a teacher’s teaching certainly becomes
very effective.
Human resource planning involves five steps
Profiling-to profile the personnel need of the organization at
some future point
2. Estimating-Projecting the type and number of personnel
needed
3. Inventorying-human resource audit of present employees
4. Forecasting-anticipating changes inthe present work force in
terms of entries and exits5. Planning-Assumptions made by
following steps 1-4 to ensure the right number of personnel with
appropriate prerequisite knowledge andskill.
Human resource Sources
1. Internal Sources-filling vacancies by transferring or
promoting from within.
Advantage
• It is cost effective, reduces recruiting and relocation costs
• Usuallyquicker, and
• Enhances employee morale
Disadvantage
Seniority rules policy rather than best qualification
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
Enlist the steps
of HRP?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
8.
To explain
about
recruitment
2.min 2. External sources -new employees may be recruited from
outside through advertisingvacancies, visits to colleges and
universities, contacts with public and private
employmentagencies and participation in professional
organizations.
RECRUITMENT
“Discovering the sources of manpower for placements”.
Recruitment is the process of attracting qualified people to apply
for a job. It involves searching for and attracting prospective
employees either from within the organization or outside the
organization. It is the process of makingapplicants available for
selection.
You can select only from those people who apply for a job, the
odds of finding a strong candidate are less than if you have
manyapplicants to choose them.
Selection
Selection is the process of choosing for employment. It is to
choose among the applicants usingjob qualification as a guide.
The essence of selection is to determine whether an applicant is
suited for the job interms of training, experience andabilities
Steps in Selection Procedure
1. Receipt of the Application form from the recruitment section
2. Screening the application
3. Pre-employment interviews
4. Asking for additional information
5. Tests if any
6. Interviews
7. Checking for references
8. Provisional selection
9. Final selection
10. Medical examination if any
11. Placement
12. Induction
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
explain about
recruitment
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
9.
To describe
budgeting
2.min BUDGETING
“Budgeting is a tool for financial control”.
Educational institutions must prepare budgets and use them as
tools of financial control.
Definition: An operational management plan stated interms of
income and expense, covering all phases of activity, for a future
division of time. It is a singleuse financial plan that covers a
specified length of time. It describes in numerical terms
resources allocated to organizational activities. By budgeting,
managers identify resources such as money, material and human
resource. It also communicates performance expectations.
Classification of budget:
It may be classify according to time, function and flexibility.
The main types areas
Operating budget – includes services to be provided and goods
the unitexpects to consume or use during the budget period.
E.g., cost of supplies, stationary supply and small equipment in
institution.
Capital expenditure – consist of itemized list of current capital
assets (monitors, computers, furnitureand other large equipment
which are expensive).
Personnel budget – consist of the number of various
institutional and support personnel required to operate a
specified unit and the money allocated for them.
Nursing education is making serious efforts to reduce barriers to
educational advancement. Many institutionshave adjusted their
schedules and requirements to encourage efficient progression
through the various levels ofnursing education.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What is the
meaning of
budgeting?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
10.
To underline
the meaning of
discipline
2.min DISCPLINE
“Self-discipline is the best discipline”.
No organization can grow and prosper without discipline and so
the case of educational institutions. The educational institutions
are the places where the discipline is being taught. Discipline is
absolutely important with not only the student but also the
teaching and other staff members.
Definition and Meaning
It is the practical behavior of a person. But the discipline Differ
from situation to situation and person to person and according to
relations.
The Webster’s dictionary gives three basic meanings
 It the training that corrects, molds, or perfects the mental
faculties or moral character.
 It is control gained by enforcing obedience and
 It is punishment or chastisement.
Approaches of discipline
 Human relation approach
 Human resource approach
 Group discipline approach
 The leadership approach
 Judicial approach
Some of the disciplinary procedures
 Issuing a letter of charge to the employee
 Calling upon for explanation
 Consideration of the explanation
 Serving a show-cause notice
 Holding of a full-fledged inquiry
 Nature ofpunishment
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What is
the meaning of
discipline
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
11.
To state the
meaning of PR
2.min
PUBLIC RELATTIONS
“A good will and mutual understanding between the
organizations and its public”.
(PR) is the practice of managing the spread of
informationbetween an individual or an organization and
the public. Public relations may includean organization or
individual gainingexposureto their audiences using topics of
public interest and news items that do not require direct
payment. The aim of public relations is to persuade the public,
prospective customers, investors, partners, employees,
government and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of
view about it, its leadership, products, or of political decisions.
Common activities include working with the press and
supplying written content for news and feature articles together
with arranging interviews with expert spokespeople, speaking at
conferences, winning industry awards and internal/employee
communication.
The role of public relations for nursing education
 Building awareness and a favorable image for nurses and
to nursing profession.
 Closely monitoring the numerous media channels for
public comment about nursing and nursing profession.
 Managing crises that threaten the nurses and the image
of nursing profession.
 Building goodwill among patients, family and through
the community, philanthropic and special programs and
events.
Objectives of PR
 Providing information
 Stimulating demand
 Reinforcing the brand
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
State the
meaning of PR?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
12.
To describe
about
performance
appraisal
2.min PERFORMANCE APPRAISEL
“Subjective assessment based on objective measurement”.
Performance appraisal is a systemic review of an individual
employee's performance on the job, which is used to evaluate
the effectiveness of his/her work
Purpose:
 Provide information upon which to base management
decisions regarding such matters as salary raises,
promotions, transfers, or discharges
 Helps to assist employees intheir personaldevelopment
 Performance appraisal information willhelp to assess the
effectiveness of hiring and recruiting practices
 Supply information to the organization that willhelp to
identify training and development needs of the employees
 Helps in the establishment of standards of job performance
often used as a criterion to assess the validity of personnel
selection and training procedures Employee’s work should
continually be assessed in a formal or informal basis. A
formal appraisal is more accurate, fair and useful to all
concerned
Common Problems in Performance Appraisal
• Performance appraisal may be viewed as demanding too much
from supervisors. Especially in large number of span of control. It
isdifficult for a firstlinesupervisor to know what each of 20, 30 or
more subordinating is doing
• Standards and rates tend to vary widely, with some raters
being tough and others more lenient. Leniency Errors-some
raters are hard graders and others easy graders. So raters can be
characterized by the leniency of their appraisals. Harsh raters
give evaluations that are lower than the true level of ability. This
is called severity of negative leniency.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
How an
employee can
improve his
performance?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
13. To describe
Common
Problems in
Performance
Appraisal
2.min 1. The easy rater gives evaluations that are higherthan the true
level called positive leniency. These errors usually occur
because the rater has applied personal standards derived from
his/her own personality or previous experience
Halo errors-are evaluations based on the rater's general feelings
about an employee. Thus, the rater generally has a favorable or
unfavorable attitude toward the employee that permeates all
evaluations of the person. Typically, the rater has strong feelings
about at least one important aspect of the employee's
performance.
2. Because of lack of information, standards by which
employees thinkthey are being judged are sometimes different
from those superiors actually use. The validity of ratings may be
reduced by the supervisor's resistance to making the ratings,
because of the discomfort they feel when having to confront the
employee with negative ratings and negative feedback.
Example, central tendency errors: refers to the rater's
unwillingness to assign
Characteristics of an Effective Performance Appraisal
• Relate performance appraisal to the job description
• Understanding the criteria forevaluation
Tools of performance appraisal
• Rating scales-the tool consists of a behavior or characteristics
to be rated and of some type of scale that will indicate the
degree to which the person being evaluated demonstrates that
behavior
• The checklist- it describes the standard of performance and the
rater indicates by placing a checkmark in a column if the
employee demonstrates the behavior
• Management by objective- it focuses on the evaluator's
observations of the employee's performance as measured against
very specific predetermined goals that have been jointly agreed
upon by the employee and the evaluator.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
Enlist the
Common
Problems in
Performance
Appraisal?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
14. To evaluate
academic audit
2.min
ACADEMIC AUDIT
Academic audit is an educational exercise to assess and evaluate
the performance of the teachers and to have a pragmatic view
about what is the present status of the academic standards.
Some institutions may record a grade of "audit" to those who
have elected not to receive a letter grade for a course inwhich
they are typically awarded.
In this case, 'audit' indicates that the individual merely has
received teaching, rather than being evaluated as having
achieved a given standard of knowledge of the subject. This
maybe helpful when reviewing a long-unstudied subject, or
when first beginning or exploring the study of a discipline where
one has littleexperience or confidence.
Objectives
 To establish a goal oriented performance appraisal
system in educational institutions.
 To remove bias, prejudices and subjectivism inthe
method of performance evaluation.
 To motivate the teacher to contribute extensively for
improvement of educational standers and development
of academic culture.
Advantage of academic audit
 Tounderstand the strength and weakness of the teachers.
 Career advancement
 Professional excellence
 Enhancing quality standards
 Developing socially useful and productive research
 Planning social and extension services
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
Can How
academic audit
influence the
performance of
the
innstitutions?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
15. To enlist the
staff welfare
services
2.min
STAFF WELFARE SERVICES
The welfare measures to the employee do always have the direct
relation with the productivity. The educational institutions
provide the various welfare measures to the teaching,
nonteaching staff and other staff in the institution. The welfare
measures include:
 Safety measures including first aid.
 Lunch rooms
 Rest rooms
 Recreational activities
 Credit societies
 Housing
 Medical and welfare
 Pension
 Gratuity
 Provident fund
 Academic freedom
 Canteen facilities
 Carrier advancement facilities
 Children education facilities
 Leave travel concession
 Loans like housing loan, motor vehicle loan
 Publishing their finding out ofresearch
 Medical facilities
 Foreign tour for study purpose
 Saving schemes
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
Enlist the staff
welfare
services?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
16. To Review the
course
requirements
2.min Management of nursing educational institutions
Review of various course requirements
The steps in starting ANM/ DGNM/ BSc (N)/ PBBSc/ MSc (N)
PROGRAMME.
1. Obtain no objection certificate from thegovernment.
2. ANM training school, should obtain NOC from the state
government.
3. If the institution is recognized for BSc nursing
programme by INC then the institution willbe exempted
from NOC.
4. On the assessment of INC, ifthe institution is found
suitable to start the programme, INC shall write to the
state Nursing Council/Board for inspection.
5. On receipt of the inspection report from the state nursing
council/board, INC shall decide whether to give
permission to admit the students or not.
6. The Indian Nursing Council willconduct inspection
every year tillthe first batch is passed out.
7. If the institution is recognized for B.Sc. (N) programme
and if one batch has passed out after found suitable by
INC, then the institution willbe exempted from
NOC/Essentiality certificate for M.Sc. (N) program from
the State Government.
8. Super Specialty Hospital* can start M.Sc.(N)
programme, however they have to get NOC/Essentiality
certificate from respective State Government to start the
M.Sc. (N) programme.
9. *Super Specialty Hospital are eligible to start M.Sc. (N)
provided they have respective specialty beds.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What are the
steps in starting
ANM/ DGNM/
BSc (N)/ PBBSc/
MSc (N)
PROGRAMME?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
17. To describe
the physical
infrastructure
Of an nursing
educational
institution
2.min PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
There should be a separate hostel for the male and female
students. It should have the following facilities.
LIBRARY
“A knowledge store”.
A good library contributes effectively to an educational
program. It not only opens the doors of the knowledge but
stimulates critical thinking and help to develop independence in
seeking and obtaining information.
A building or room containing collections of books, periodicals,
and sometimes films and recorded music for use or borrowing
by the public or the members of an institution.
A library is an organized collection of sources of information
and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community
for reference or borrowing.
Location
It should be conveniently located inquite, attractive,
surroundings. The library must be separate for nursing college
or it may be combined with the other courses where
Institution is running multiple courses
Requisites of a library
 Librarian
 Library committee
 Policies
 Budget
 Library holdings
 Organization of books
HOSTEL
“Second home of the pupil”.
The hostel is consider as a center of citizenship training. Many
good qualities of the head and heart are developed at the hostel
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What should be
the physical
infrastructure Of
an nursing
educational
institution?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
18. 2.min 1. Hostel Room
It should be ideal for 2 students with the minimum 100 sq. ft.
carpet area. The furniture provided should include a cot, a table,
a chair, a book rack, a cupboard and a cloth rack for each
student.
2. Toilet and Bathroom
Toilet and bathroom facilities should be provided on each floor
of the student’s hostel at the rate of one toilet and one bathroom
for 2-6 students. Geysers inbathroom and wash basins should
also be provided.
3. Recreation
There should be facilities for indoor and outdoor games. There
should be provision for T.V., radio and video cassette player.
4. Visitor’s Room
There should be a visitor room in the hostel with comfortable
seating, lighting and toilet facilities.
5. Kitchen & Dining Hall
There should be a hygienic kitchen and dining hall to seat at
least 80% of the total student’s strength at one time with
adequate tables, chairs, water coolers, refrigerators and heating
facilities. Hand washing facilities must beprovided.
6. Pantry
One pantry on each floor should be provided. It should have
water cooler and heating arrangements.
7. Washing & Ironing Room
Facility for drying and ironing clothes should be provided in
each floor.
8. Sick Room
A sick room should have a comfortable bed, linen, furniture and
attached toilet. Minimum of 5 beds should be provided.
9. Room for Night Duty Nurses Should be in a quiet area.
10. Guest Room
A guest room should be made available.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
19. To overview
the topic.
2.min
11. Warden’s Room
Warden should be provided with a separate office room besides
her residential accommodation.
12. Canteen There should be provision for a canteen for the
students, their guests, and all other staffmembers.
13. Transport
College should have separate transport facility under the control
of the Principal. 50 seaterbus is preferable.
Residential Accommodation:
Residential family accommodation for faculty, should be
provided, according to their marital status. Telephone facility for
the Principal at her residence must be provided. Residential
accommodation with all facilities is to be provided to the Hostel
Warden.
Crèche
There should be a crèche in the college campus.
SUMMARY
Educational administration includes the techniques and
procedures employed in operating the educational
organization in accordance with established policies.
It also involves the management functions such as planning,
organizing, directing, recruitment, staffing controlling,
budgeting, staff development etc.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
What are the
basic facilities
for nursing
educational
institution?
S.
No.
Specific
Objective
Duration Content TeachingLearning
Activity
A.V.
Aids
Evaluation
16. BIBILIOGRAPHY
SudhaR.’Nursing Education Principles And Concepts’
1st Edition 2013 Ch No.11 Management Of Nursing
Educational Institutions. Page No.344-363.
Blake R. R., and Mouton, L.S. (1964). The Managerial
Grid. Houston: GulfPublishing. Dalkey, N.C. &Helmer
(1969).
The Delphi method. An experimental study of group
opinion.Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corp.) Davis K.
(1981).
Human Behavior at Work Organizational Behavior. 6th.
Ed. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill; 404-406).
Filley, A. C. (1975). Interpersonal Conflict Resolution.
Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
Gillies, Ann Dee (1994). Nursing Management. A
Systems Approach, 3rd. ed. W. B.
Lecture cum
discussion
PPT,
and board
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lessonplanonmgmtofedubymamtaautosaved-211001132557 (1).docx

  • 1.  Student Teacher Name - Dolly Srivastav Name of evaluator -  Subject - Nursing education  Topic -Management of nursing educational institutions  Group - M.Sc nursingprevious  Venue - Classroom  Date and Time -  Duration -45 minutes  Method of Teaching - Lecture cum discussion  A.V. Aids -PPT, black board and chart GENERAL OBJECTIVE  At the end of the class students will gain an in depth knowledge about management of nursing institutions and will be able to apply knowledge in their futurepractice. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the class the group will be able to...  Define the Management of nursing educational institutions.  Describe briefly the Managementof nursing educational institutions.  Enlist components of management of nursing educational institution.  State the components of management of nursing educational institution.  Elaborate planning and organizing for management of nursing educational institutions  State the basic requisite for nursing educational institution.
  • 2. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 1. At the end of the class the students willbe able to To explainbriefly the management of nursing educational institutions 2.min SELF INTRODUCTION:- My name is saddam and today’s teaching topic is management of nursing educational institutions. This topic is related to nursing education subject unit 14th. INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT The concept of management is associated with the phenomena of group activity. Everywhere in a modern society, we finda group of people working inall spheres of humanactivity. Management is the process of efficiently getting activities completed with and through other people. Educational administration includes the techniques and procedures employed inoperating the educational organizations in accordance with established policies. It is same in the administration of the nursing educational institutions, such as college of nursing and school of nursing include maintenance, management and developmental management. It includes the management of man,money, material, activity and time. It also involves the management functions such as planning, organizing, directing, recruiting, staffing controlling, budgeting, staff development etc. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What do you understand by management? To define management MEANING Management means the art of getting things done through people. DEFINITION It is a Process that involves the guidance or direction of a group or people toward achieving organizational goals or objectives. Process with both interpersonal and technical aspects, through which the objectives of an organization are accomplished by utilizing human and physical resources andtechnology.
  • 3. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 2. To enlist the components of 2.min COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT OF NURSING EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What are the components of management of nursing education  PLANNING  ORGANIZING  HUMAN RESOURCE PLANING  RECRUITMENT  BUDGETING  DISCPLINE  PUBLIC RELATTIONS  PERFORMANCE APPRAISEL  ACADEMIC AUDIT  STAFF WELFARE SEERVICES management of nursing education?  PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE LIBRARY HOSTEL ETC…
  • 4. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 3. To describe 2.min planning PLANNING “If you are failing to plan you are planning to fail”. Lecture cum PPT, and board How will you discussion plan for an Planning – determining the long-and short-termobjectives (ends) of the institution or unitand theactions (means) that must be taken to achievethese objectives. It is the first and fundamental function ofmanagement because all other management functionsare dependent on it. Planning is deciding what is to bedone, when it is to be done, how it is to be done andwho is to do it. Planning is the process of determining how the institution can get where it wantsto go. Planning is the process of determining exactlywhat the institution willdo to accomplish itsobjectives. In more formal terms, planning has beendefined as ‘the systematic development of actionprogrammes aimed at reaching agreed objectives by theprocess of analyzing, evaluating and selecting amongthe opportunities which are foreseen. Educational planning is determined as a set of decisions for action during a specific period of time directed for achieving institutional goals Functions ofplanning  Educational planning is futuristic.  Its goal oriented.  It forms the basis for all other functions.  It’s an intellectual activity.  It is pervasive.  It is a continuous process. educational institution? Institutional planning It is a program of development and improvement prepared by an educational institution on the basis of its felt needs and the resources available with a view to improving its programs and practices.
  • 5. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 4. To Explain about 2.min Importance of institutional planning  Planning helps to formulate the objectives clear and specific and gives a plan of action  To increase the chances of success by focusing on results, not on activities.  To force analyticthinking and evaluation of alternatives, therefore improving decisions.  To establish a framework for decision making consistent with top management objectives.  To orient people to action, instead ofreaction.  To help avoid crisis management and provide decision- making flexibility.  To provide a basis for managing organizational and individual performance.  To increase employee involvement and improve communication.  To promote cost-effectiveness.  To includeday-to-day and future-focused management.  A systematic and orderly educational planning act as a motivating force to the employees to contribute to the goals. ORGANIZING “A structural frame work of relationships”. Definition : The grouping of activities for the purpose of achieving objectives, the assignment of each grouping to a manager with authority for supervising the group, and the defined means of coordinating appropriate activities with other units, horizontally and vertically, that are responsible for accomplishing organizational objectives. Purposes of organizing:  To sustain the philosophy, achieve the vision and accomplish the mission and objectives of the organization Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What do you understand by institutional institutional planning planning? To define the organizing
  • 6. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 5. To describe the purpose of 2.min  Will show the part each person willplay inthe general social pattern as well as the responsibilities, relationships and standards of performance. There are six steps in the organizing process: 1. Establish overall objectives 2. Formulate supporting objectives, policies and plans 3. Identify and classify activities necessary to accomplish the objectives 4. Group the activities inlightof the human and material resources available and the best way of usingthem under the circumstances 5. Delegate to the head of each group and the authorities necessary to perform the activities 6. Tiethe groups together horizontally and vertically, through authority relationships, andinformation systems. Delegation of authority  Delegation is the process of assigning part or all of one person’s responsibility to another person orpersons.  Delegating is an effective management competency by which nurse managers get the work done through the employees.  Thepurpose of delegation isefficiency; nooneperson can do all the work that must be done; therefore, some work must be passed on, or delegated to others.  However, it must be remembered that, even when an activity is delegated to someone else, the ultimate responsibility for that activity still belongs to the institutional leader (i.e. the person who delegated the activity. Elements of delegation  Authority  Responsibility  Accountability Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board Describe the purpose of organizing organizing? To Explain delegation What are the Describe the elements of elements of delegation? delegation
  • 7. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 6. Describe the Obstaclesof 2.min Obstacles to delegation The obstacles to effective delegation may rest either with the superior or with the subordinate. The obstacles with the superior  Unfamiliarity with the art of delegation  Reluctance ofdelegate  Attitude towards subordinate  Fear of subordinate The obstacles with the subordinate  Not willing to assume responsibility/ take risk  Lack of self-confidence and initiative and fear of failure.  Lack of incentives.  Lack of required resources. HUMAN RESOURCE PLANING “Planning for the right kind of people for the right job at the right time”. Human resource management is the process of acquiring and retaining the organization's human resource. Acquisition of human resource includes human resource planning, recruitment, selection and orientation Retention activities include performance appraisal, placement, training and development, discipline and corrective counseling, compensation and benefit administration, safety, and health. Acquiring Human Resource Human resource planning precedes the other acquiring activities. Because organizations are dynamic, these needs change. The work force must be considered inthe context of a changing environment: present staff must be retained and new employees recruited to meet changing needs. Staff needs in educational Organizations are driven by Organizational growth: occurs through increased demand for services, higher occupancy, facility expansion and the addition of new services or intensifying services. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What are the obstacles of delegation delegation? To state the What is the meaning of meaning of HRP HRP?
  • 8. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 7. To Enlist the steps of HRP 2.min Retaining Employeesthe Retaining activities include, performance appraisal, training and development, discipline and compensation administration. E.G. Human resource in college Teacher as a resource as most of the classroom activities are dominated and controlled by the teacher, his knowledge, skills, experiences and competencies decide to a large extent, the effectiveness of teaching. Studentas a resource as a student can also help inmaking instruction joyful, interesting, useful and effective. In classroom there are student with varied personalities, socioeconomic backgrounds and intellectual abilities. If all these are explored and integrated into a teacher’s teaching certainly becomes very effective. Human resource planning involves five steps Profiling-to profile the personnel need of the organization at some future point 2. Estimating-Projecting the type and number of personnel needed 3. Inventorying-human resource audit of present employees 4. Forecasting-anticipating changes inthe present work force in terms of entries and exits5. Planning-Assumptions made by following steps 1-4 to ensure the right number of personnel with appropriate prerequisite knowledge andskill. Human resource Sources 1. Internal Sources-filling vacancies by transferring or promoting from within. Advantage • It is cost effective, reduces recruiting and relocation costs • Usuallyquicker, and • Enhances employee morale Disadvantage Seniority rules policy rather than best qualification Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board Enlist the steps of HRP?
  • 9. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 8. To explain about recruitment 2.min 2. External sources -new employees may be recruited from outside through advertisingvacancies, visits to colleges and universities, contacts with public and private employmentagencies and participation in professional organizations. RECRUITMENT “Discovering the sources of manpower for placements”. Recruitment is the process of attracting qualified people to apply for a job. It involves searching for and attracting prospective employees either from within the organization or outside the organization. It is the process of makingapplicants available for selection. You can select only from those people who apply for a job, the odds of finding a strong candidate are less than if you have manyapplicants to choose them. Selection Selection is the process of choosing for employment. It is to choose among the applicants usingjob qualification as a guide. The essence of selection is to determine whether an applicant is suited for the job interms of training, experience andabilities Steps in Selection Procedure 1. Receipt of the Application form from the recruitment section 2. Screening the application 3. Pre-employment interviews 4. Asking for additional information 5. Tests if any 6. Interviews 7. Checking for references 8. Provisional selection 9. Final selection 10. Medical examination if any 11. Placement 12. Induction Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board explain about recruitment
  • 10. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 9. To describe budgeting 2.min BUDGETING “Budgeting is a tool for financial control”. Educational institutions must prepare budgets and use them as tools of financial control. Definition: An operational management plan stated interms of income and expense, covering all phases of activity, for a future division of time. It is a singleuse financial plan that covers a specified length of time. It describes in numerical terms resources allocated to organizational activities. By budgeting, managers identify resources such as money, material and human resource. It also communicates performance expectations. Classification of budget: It may be classify according to time, function and flexibility. The main types areas Operating budget – includes services to be provided and goods the unitexpects to consume or use during the budget period. E.g., cost of supplies, stationary supply and small equipment in institution. Capital expenditure – consist of itemized list of current capital assets (monitors, computers, furnitureand other large equipment which are expensive). Personnel budget – consist of the number of various institutional and support personnel required to operate a specified unit and the money allocated for them. Nursing education is making serious efforts to reduce barriers to educational advancement. Many institutionshave adjusted their schedules and requirements to encourage efficient progression through the various levels ofnursing education. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What is the meaning of budgeting?
  • 11. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 10. To underline the meaning of discipline 2.min DISCPLINE “Self-discipline is the best discipline”. No organization can grow and prosper without discipline and so the case of educational institutions. The educational institutions are the places where the discipline is being taught. Discipline is absolutely important with not only the student but also the teaching and other staff members. Definition and Meaning It is the practical behavior of a person. But the discipline Differ from situation to situation and person to person and according to relations. The Webster’s dictionary gives three basic meanings  It the training that corrects, molds, or perfects the mental faculties or moral character.  It is control gained by enforcing obedience and  It is punishment or chastisement. Approaches of discipline  Human relation approach  Human resource approach  Group discipline approach  The leadership approach  Judicial approach Some of the disciplinary procedures  Issuing a letter of charge to the employee  Calling upon for explanation  Consideration of the explanation  Serving a show-cause notice  Holding of a full-fledged inquiry  Nature ofpunishment Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What is the meaning of discipline
  • 12. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 11. To state the meaning of PR 2.min PUBLIC RELATTIONS “A good will and mutual understanding between the organizations and its public”. (PR) is the practice of managing the spread of informationbetween an individual or an organization and the public. Public relations may includean organization or individual gainingexposureto their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. The aim of public relations is to persuade the public, prospective customers, investors, partners, employees, government and other stakeholders to maintain a certain point of view about it, its leadership, products, or of political decisions. Common activities include working with the press and supplying written content for news and feature articles together with arranging interviews with expert spokespeople, speaking at conferences, winning industry awards and internal/employee communication. The role of public relations for nursing education  Building awareness and a favorable image for nurses and to nursing profession.  Closely monitoring the numerous media channels for public comment about nursing and nursing profession.  Managing crises that threaten the nurses and the image of nursing profession.  Building goodwill among patients, family and through the community, philanthropic and special programs and events. Objectives of PR  Providing information  Stimulating demand  Reinforcing the brand Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board State the meaning of PR?
  • 13. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 12. To describe about performance appraisal 2.min PERFORMANCE APPRAISEL “Subjective assessment based on objective measurement”. Performance appraisal is a systemic review of an individual employee's performance on the job, which is used to evaluate the effectiveness of his/her work Purpose:  Provide information upon which to base management decisions regarding such matters as salary raises, promotions, transfers, or discharges  Helps to assist employees intheir personaldevelopment  Performance appraisal information willhelp to assess the effectiveness of hiring and recruiting practices  Supply information to the organization that willhelp to identify training and development needs of the employees  Helps in the establishment of standards of job performance often used as a criterion to assess the validity of personnel selection and training procedures Employee’s work should continually be assessed in a formal or informal basis. A formal appraisal is more accurate, fair and useful to all concerned Common Problems in Performance Appraisal • Performance appraisal may be viewed as demanding too much from supervisors. Especially in large number of span of control. It isdifficult for a firstlinesupervisor to know what each of 20, 30 or more subordinating is doing • Standards and rates tend to vary widely, with some raters being tough and others more lenient. Leniency Errors-some raters are hard graders and others easy graders. So raters can be characterized by the leniency of their appraisals. Harsh raters give evaluations that are lower than the true level of ability. This is called severity of negative leniency. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board How an employee can improve his performance?
  • 14. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 13. To describe Common Problems in Performance Appraisal 2.min 1. The easy rater gives evaluations that are higherthan the true level called positive leniency. These errors usually occur because the rater has applied personal standards derived from his/her own personality or previous experience Halo errors-are evaluations based on the rater's general feelings about an employee. Thus, the rater generally has a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the employee that permeates all evaluations of the person. Typically, the rater has strong feelings about at least one important aspect of the employee's performance. 2. Because of lack of information, standards by which employees thinkthey are being judged are sometimes different from those superiors actually use. The validity of ratings may be reduced by the supervisor's resistance to making the ratings, because of the discomfort they feel when having to confront the employee with negative ratings and negative feedback. Example, central tendency errors: refers to the rater's unwillingness to assign Characteristics of an Effective Performance Appraisal • Relate performance appraisal to the job description • Understanding the criteria forevaluation Tools of performance appraisal • Rating scales-the tool consists of a behavior or characteristics to be rated and of some type of scale that will indicate the degree to which the person being evaluated demonstrates that behavior • The checklist- it describes the standard of performance and the rater indicates by placing a checkmark in a column if the employee demonstrates the behavior • Management by objective- it focuses on the evaluator's observations of the employee's performance as measured against very specific predetermined goals that have been jointly agreed upon by the employee and the evaluator. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board Enlist the Common Problems in Performance Appraisal?
  • 15. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 14. To evaluate academic audit 2.min ACADEMIC AUDIT Academic audit is an educational exercise to assess and evaluate the performance of the teachers and to have a pragmatic view about what is the present status of the academic standards. Some institutions may record a grade of "audit" to those who have elected not to receive a letter grade for a course inwhich they are typically awarded. In this case, 'audit' indicates that the individual merely has received teaching, rather than being evaluated as having achieved a given standard of knowledge of the subject. This maybe helpful when reviewing a long-unstudied subject, or when first beginning or exploring the study of a discipline where one has littleexperience or confidence. Objectives  To establish a goal oriented performance appraisal system in educational institutions.  To remove bias, prejudices and subjectivism inthe method of performance evaluation.  To motivate the teacher to contribute extensively for improvement of educational standers and development of academic culture. Advantage of academic audit  Tounderstand the strength and weakness of the teachers.  Career advancement  Professional excellence  Enhancing quality standards  Developing socially useful and productive research  Planning social and extension services Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board Can How academic audit influence the performance of the innstitutions?
  • 16. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 15. To enlist the staff welfare services 2.min STAFF WELFARE SERVICES The welfare measures to the employee do always have the direct relation with the productivity. The educational institutions provide the various welfare measures to the teaching, nonteaching staff and other staff in the institution. The welfare measures include:  Safety measures including first aid.  Lunch rooms  Rest rooms  Recreational activities  Credit societies  Housing  Medical and welfare  Pension  Gratuity  Provident fund  Academic freedom  Canteen facilities  Carrier advancement facilities  Children education facilities  Leave travel concession  Loans like housing loan, motor vehicle loan  Publishing their finding out ofresearch  Medical facilities  Foreign tour for study purpose  Saving schemes Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board Enlist the staff welfare services?
  • 17. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 16. To Review the course requirements 2.min Management of nursing educational institutions Review of various course requirements The steps in starting ANM/ DGNM/ BSc (N)/ PBBSc/ MSc (N) PROGRAMME. 1. Obtain no objection certificate from thegovernment. 2. ANM training school, should obtain NOC from the state government. 3. If the institution is recognized for BSc nursing programme by INC then the institution willbe exempted from NOC. 4. On the assessment of INC, ifthe institution is found suitable to start the programme, INC shall write to the state Nursing Council/Board for inspection. 5. On receipt of the inspection report from the state nursing council/board, INC shall decide whether to give permission to admit the students or not. 6. The Indian Nursing Council willconduct inspection every year tillthe first batch is passed out. 7. If the institution is recognized for B.Sc. (N) programme and if one batch has passed out after found suitable by INC, then the institution willbe exempted from NOC/Essentiality certificate for M.Sc. (N) program from the State Government. 8. Super Specialty Hospital* can start M.Sc.(N) programme, however they have to get NOC/Essentiality certificate from respective State Government to start the M.Sc. (N) programme. 9. *Super Specialty Hospital are eligible to start M.Sc. (N) provided they have respective specialty beds. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What are the steps in starting ANM/ DGNM/ BSc (N)/ PBBSc/ MSc (N) PROGRAMME?
  • 18. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 17. To describe the physical infrastructure Of an nursing educational institution 2.min PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE There should be a separate hostel for the male and female students. It should have the following facilities. LIBRARY “A knowledge store”. A good library contributes effectively to an educational program. It not only opens the doors of the knowledge but stimulates critical thinking and help to develop independence in seeking and obtaining information. A building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, and sometimes films and recorded music for use or borrowing by the public or the members of an institution. A library is an organized collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. Location It should be conveniently located inquite, attractive, surroundings. The library must be separate for nursing college or it may be combined with the other courses where Institution is running multiple courses Requisites of a library  Librarian  Library committee  Policies  Budget  Library holdings  Organization of books HOSTEL “Second home of the pupil”. The hostel is consider as a center of citizenship training. Many good qualities of the head and heart are developed at the hostel Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What should be the physical infrastructure Of an nursing educational institution?
  • 19. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 18. 2.min 1. Hostel Room It should be ideal for 2 students with the minimum 100 sq. ft. carpet area. The furniture provided should include a cot, a table, a chair, a book rack, a cupboard and a cloth rack for each student. 2. Toilet and Bathroom Toilet and bathroom facilities should be provided on each floor of the student’s hostel at the rate of one toilet and one bathroom for 2-6 students. Geysers inbathroom and wash basins should also be provided. 3. Recreation There should be facilities for indoor and outdoor games. There should be provision for T.V., radio and video cassette player. 4. Visitor’s Room There should be a visitor room in the hostel with comfortable seating, lighting and toilet facilities. 5. Kitchen & Dining Hall There should be a hygienic kitchen and dining hall to seat at least 80% of the total student’s strength at one time with adequate tables, chairs, water coolers, refrigerators and heating facilities. Hand washing facilities must beprovided. 6. Pantry One pantry on each floor should be provided. It should have water cooler and heating arrangements. 7. Washing & Ironing Room Facility for drying and ironing clothes should be provided in each floor. 8. Sick Room A sick room should have a comfortable bed, linen, furniture and attached toilet. Minimum of 5 beds should be provided. 9. Room for Night Duty Nurses Should be in a quiet area. 10. Guest Room A guest room should be made available. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board
  • 20. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 19. To overview the topic. 2.min 11. Warden’s Room Warden should be provided with a separate office room besides her residential accommodation. 12. Canteen There should be provision for a canteen for the students, their guests, and all other staffmembers. 13. Transport College should have separate transport facility under the control of the Principal. 50 seaterbus is preferable. Residential Accommodation: Residential family accommodation for faculty, should be provided, according to their marital status. Telephone facility for the Principal at her residence must be provided. Residential accommodation with all facilities is to be provided to the Hostel Warden. Crèche There should be a crèche in the college campus. SUMMARY Educational administration includes the techniques and procedures employed in operating the educational organization in accordance with established policies. It also involves the management functions such as planning, organizing, directing, recruitment, staffing controlling, budgeting, staff development etc. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board What are the basic facilities for nursing educational institution?
  • 21. S. No. Specific Objective Duration Content TeachingLearning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation 16. BIBILIOGRAPHY SudhaR.’Nursing Education Principles And Concepts’ 1st Edition 2013 Ch No.11 Management Of Nursing Educational Institutions. Page No.344-363. Blake R. R., and Mouton, L.S. (1964). The Managerial Grid. Houston: GulfPublishing. Dalkey, N.C. &Helmer (1969). The Delphi method. An experimental study of group opinion.Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corp.) Davis K. (1981). Human Behavior at Work Organizational Behavior. 6th. Ed. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill; 404-406). Filley, A. C. (1975). Interpersonal Conflict Resolution. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman. Gillies, Ann Dee (1994). Nursing Management. A Systems Approach, 3rd. ed. W. B. Lecture cum discussion PPT, and board