1. Modality
“PURE MODALS” “SEMI-MODALS”
Can, could, may, might, must, ought, be able, had better, have
Should, will, shall, would,
need, dare
• not inflected in the 3º person * some inflected in 3º person
• bare infinitive * to-infinitive
• inverted in a question * may accept another auxiliary for question
• not past form * some do have past form
Multiple Meaning Obligation
Deduction
Hypothetical meaning
Possibility
Permission
Prohibition
Non-modal meaning
Attitude Modal Verb Present Future Past Related structures
Speaker’s ATTITUDE towards what is being said
You will need to jot
comments down
somewhere else
because there is no
enough room form
everything…