Ultrasonic sensor ppt

1. Physics project
• Name : 1. Patel Javal ( 22ce055 )
2. Prajapati Keyur ( 22ce066 )
3. Patel Jay Y. ( 22ce058 )
4. Patel Jay D. ( 22ce060 )
5. Mistry Jay ( 22ce057 )
6. Kalsariya Jay ( 22ce061 )
• Topic : Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04
• Class : 1CE2

2. Equipment needed :
1. Arduino Uno
2. Ultrasonic sensor
3. Jumper wire
4. Bread board

4. Circuit diagram :

5. About Ultrasonic sensor :
• Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 is a sensor that can measure
distance. It emits an ultrasound at 40 000 Hz (40kHz) which
travels through the air and if there is an object or obstacle on
its path It will bounce back to the module.
• Considering the travel time and the speed of the sound you
can calculate the distance.

7. Principle :
• Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses
at regular intervals. These propagate in the air at the velocity
of sound. If they strike an object, then they reflected back as
an echo signal to the sensor, which itself computes the
distance to the target based on the time-span between
emitting the signal and receiving the echo.

9. Working :
• Micro-controller: generates a 10-microsecond pulse on the TRIG pin.
• The ultrasonic sensor automatically emits the ultrasonic waves.
• The ultrasonic wave is reflected after hitting an obstacle.
• The ultrasonic sensor detects the reflected ultrasonic wave and
measures the travel time of the ultrasonic wave.
• Ultrasonic sensor: generates a pulse to the ECHO pin. The duration of
the pulse is equal to the travel time of the ultrasonic wave.
• Micro-controller measures the pulse duration in the ECHO pin, and
then calculate the distance between sensor and obstacle.

10. Advantages of Ultrasonic sensors :
Following are the advantages of Ultrasonic sensor:
• It has sensing capability to sense all the material types.
• This sensor is not affected due to atmospheric dust, rain,
snow etc.
• It can work in any adverse conditions.
• It has higher sensing distance (in centimeters and inches)
compare to inductive/capacitive proximity sensor types.
• It provides good readings in sensing large sized objects with
hard surfaces.

11. Disadvantages of Ultrasonic sensor :
Following are the disadvantages of Ultrasonic sensor:
• It is very sensitive to variation in the temperature.
• It has more difficulties in reading reflections from soft,
curved, thin and small objects.

12. Application of Ultrasonic sensors :
1. Ultrasonic sensor is used in oil, chemical, milk or water
tanks for level measurements or for liquid level control.
2. This sensor is used in car parking system where car entry is
controlled through barrier system, the barrier must not be
lowered when there is beneath a vehicle. This whole
process is controlled through ultrasonic sensor.
3. This sensor is used in car manufacturing industry for
manufacturing or assemble the car automatically.

13. 4. This sensor is used in car washing system for detecting and
washing the car automatically.
5. This sensor is used for detecting the speed of motor or
generator.
6. This sensor is also used in presence detection system.