2. Editorial
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4. Summary
¿What is Engineering?
The Orinoco Oil Belt: All U
need to know!
Petroleum Engineer in Venezuela
Chemical Engineering and the
enviroment
Chemical engineers who
changed the world
New trends in
chemical trends
Importance of The
Orinoco Oil Belt
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6
7
8
9
10
11
5. ¿What is
Engineering?
“Engineering applies scientific
knowledge and methods of the
invention or improvement of
technologies in a pragmatic
and flexible way , adapting to
the constraints of time,
resources , legal requirements ,
safety requirements ,
ecological, etc.”
Krick, Edward V., (1973)
6. The Orinoco Oil
Belt: All U need to
know!
Carlos Marin
The Orinoco Oil Belt, FPO,
considered the largest
accumulation of heavy and
extra-heavy oil in the world,
was discovered in 1938.
It is divided in four great fields,
whose names are Boyacá, Junín,
Ayacucho and Carabobo, and
comprises part of the states
Guárico, Anzoátegui, Monagas
and Delta Amacuro. It is divided
into 29 blocks of approximately
500 square kilometers (km2)
each. Its extension is 55
thousand 314 km2 and its
current exploitation area is
11,593 km2.
Its exploration began with the
first well, Canoa-1, in 1935, until
it reached the discovery well,
the Suata-1, in 1938. But its
exploitation began in 1961, with
the Morichal and Jobo fields.
In the search for the use of the
resources of the FPO, the need
arose to develop a technology
that facilitates its transport to an
improvement plant located more
than 100 kilometers away.
After years of research, the team
of Intevep technologists,
Corpoveny Lagovense realized
that in addition to representing a
possible solution to the problem
of transport, the mixture
obtained could serve as fuel for a
power plant. A new mixture was
then made and named
Orimulsion®.
The Orimulsion® is a fuel based
on 70 percent natural bitumen
and 30 percent water, stabilized
with surfactants. It obtained a
great impulse of PDVSA for its
commercialization, as substitute
of the coal for electrical
generation, and for its
commercialization and supply
the new subsidiary Bitúmenes of
the Orinoco, Bitor was created.
7. Importance of The
Orinoco Oil Belt
La importancia geoestratégica de la faja petrolífera del Orinoco
quedó de manifiesto durante el viaje realizado por Hugo Chávez a
Europa en julio de 2008, en el que logró varios acuerdos
comerciales con Rusia, Bielorrusia, Portugal y España para su
prospección y futuras exploraciones, de manos de la estatal
PDVSA, para así garantizar una fuente constante de divisas
Venezuela, y una notable independencia en materia de
energéticos para nuestra nación. Para el año 2010, como un hecho
que marco pauta en la historia petrolera venezolana, dos gigantes
petroleros (Venezuela y Rusia), firmaron importantes acuerdos
para explorar el bloque Junín 6 , siendo las reservas calculadas de
esta zona en unos 52,7 millones de barriles de petróleo, además de
abrir nuestro mercado hacia África, Medio Oriente Europa y Asia.
Es importante destacar que la zona también es rica en gas,
exhortando el presidente Chávez en su visión futurista a los
funcionarios de PDVSA a buscar las tecnologías necesarias para
explorar este combustibles y así sumarlo al sistema de electricidad
de la nación, ya esta empresa petrolera detallo que existen cerca
de 11,33 billones de metros cúbicos esperando su certificación para
poder someterlo a estándares internacionales. Lo que resalta es la
política de siembra petrolera implementada por el Estado
venezolano, convirtiendo este recurso en instrumento del
desarrollo integral y humano a través de la distribución equitativa
de la riqueza, teniendo como resultado la disminución de la
pobreza dando la “mayor suma de felicidad posible al pueblo”,
convirtiéndose la Faja Petrolífera en la vía segura para consolidar
el socialismo permitiendo suprimir las desigualdades sociales.
8. Petroleum Engineer in
Venezuela
The Oil Engineer prepares,
organizes and controls the
extraction, storage and
transportation of oil and
natural gas. It elaborates and
recommends the best
methods of production,
extraction and injection. It
conducts geological surveys
and examines soil samples to
determine the stratigraphic
structural properties of a
region. Intervenes directly in
the secondary processes for
the transformation of the
hydrocarbons into raw
materials for the industry.
Performs fault identification
by reading instruments.
Is the professional, the
Engineer who possesses
the knowledge that allows
him to carry out, with
technical excellence, the
programming, execution
and management of the
hydrocarbon, water and
geothermal energy
exploitation processes, in
order to obtain economic
benefits to the country and
anticipate possible damage
to the environment.
Program, direct and supervise
the work related to the
drilling, completion and repair
of wells, also coordinates the
exploitation of the wells and
performs the qualitative and
quantitative interpretations.
It designs and designs the
necessary stimulations in the
wells, in addition to installing
the artificial methods of
production that they require.
Organizes and verifies fluid
injection operations in
secondary and improved
hydrocarbon recovery
processes.
Describes, analyzes and
interprets the information
obtained by various means
during the drilling of the
wells.
It characterizes the reservoirs
and determines the amount of
hydrocarbons they contain, in
addition to predicting their
primary and secondary
behavior.
9. Chemical Engineering
and the enviroment
The chemical engineer designs (and operates)
production systems (chemical plants), and
doing so minimizes the environmental impact
by optimizing the process in a way that reduces
the consumption of raw materials and energy
and pollutant emissions and the risks of
accidents. It also designs (and operates)
effluent treatment processes to reduce the
environmental impact of emissions. The
Chemical Engineer does not affect the
environment as long as he or she engages with
the management or the shareholders' meeting
to produce with environmental responsibility,
since from birth until the day we die people
contaminate, as it is the tendency of all systems
to get into chaos, and also stay in balance. The
responsibility is shared in a company where
some productive process is carried out, since
this one despite being of low, medium or high
environmental impact is contaminated. I
suggest that you seek information about all
forms of ecosystem pollution and draw your
own conclusions.
10. Chemical
engineers who
changed the world
Johann Rudolph Glauber was
born in 1604 in the German city
of Karlstadt. He is considered the
first proto chemical engineer,
when the term had not yet been
coined. Glauber prepared to
become an 'apothecary', studying
pharmaceutical studies. The
German concentrated his career
in studying the acid salts, getting
to improve considerably the
elaboration and concentration of
the nitric acid; and achieved
purer concentrations of sulfuric
acid. He was the discoverer of
Sodium Sulphate in 1655, which
has received the nickname 'Salt
of Glauber' thanks to him.
Nicholas Leblanc, born in 1742,
was responsible for developing
the method of preparation of
sodium carbonate which, in
addition, was also called the
'Leblanc process'. Other
achievements were the discovery
of a process of preparation of
sodium carbonate from the
common salt (thanks to which it
was able to open the first factory
that used this process), as well as
the publication of several works
on the criteria.
Henry Bessemer was
born in Charlton,
England, in 1813.
Bessemer was an
engineer and inventor
who developed a
steelmaking process
that became the most
important technique of
the 19th century. Their
system consisted of
blowing oxygen
through cast iron to
eliminate their
impurities, achieving a
much faster and simpler
process, which greatly
benefited the British
militia of the time.
11. New trends in chemical
engineering
As for the new tools available to Chemical
Engineering, it is important to highlight:
* Computer simulation: Dynamic simulation is
increasingly used in process plants, allowing
real-time production to be adjusted in terms
of external variables such as product demand
or product price; in the design of products,
molecular simulation, or prediction of
properties from the molecular structure, is
begun to use not only to obtain a product of
a given properties, but also to develop a way
of obtaining it.
* Applications of artificial intelligence: use of
computers in order to carry out operations
similar to the human faculties of learning and
decision-making.
* Advanced instrumentation: developments
in electronics have allowed the use in
chemical plants of measuring instruments
based on ultrasonic, infrared or laser
radiation to measure numerous physical
properties without coming into contact with
the product.
12. Want big impact?
BE AN ENGINEER
And you? What do you prefer?
Petroleum Engineering or Chemical Engineering?
