The document summarizes and compares petroleum engineering and industrial engineering. It defines each field, describing petroleum engineering as focusing on production of hydrocarbons through exploration and production. Industrial engineering is defined as applying scientific knowledge to improve technologies while considering economic, technical and social factors. The document also provides brief descriptions of the history and development of industrial engineering in Venezuela and significant advances in the field worldwide, including new management models and simulation techniques. It concludes by discussing the technique of fracking in extracting hydrocarbons.
2. Editorial
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4. Summary
¿What is Engineering?
Industrial engineering :
initiation and development in
Venezuela
Industrial Engineer in Venezuela
The Majestic Japanese Akashi
Kaikyo Bridge
Significant advances in
Industrial Engineering in the
World
What is Petroleum
Engineering?
The Fracking
¿What is industrial
engineering?
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5. ¿What is
Engineering?
“Engineering applies scientific
knowledge and methods of the
invention or improvement of
technologies in a pragmatic
and flexible way , adapting to
the constraints of time,
resources , legal requirements ,
safety requirements ,
ecological, etc.”
Krick, Edward V., (1973)
6. Industrial engineering :
initiation and development
in Venezuela
Pierina Rivero
Through many years mechanical
engineers were responsible for solving
general and specific problems of a
plant, but limited by their knowledge in
the mechanical area, allowed the
creation of a new field of engineering,
able to understand, study and analyze
the processes of any industry, replacing
the mechanical engineers of this
particular and complex function,
becoming the fundamental principle of
why the Industrial engineers.
The development of industrial
engineering starts from the need to
have a number of products and
services among which we can
highlight the running water, canned
foods, electric lighting, urban
transport, among others. Which are
the efforts of many people over
many years.
With the advent of the steam
engine in 1785, driven by energy
such devices are developed. This
progress became widespread in the
early nineteenth century, ushering
in the industrial revolution. Thanks
to the steam, factories were no
longer restricted as to its location in
the vicinity of sources of energy,
but they could do in other nearby
centers of consumption or close to
supply centers locations.
Frederick W. Taylor and Henri Fayol:
two parents of industrial engineering in
the world are considered. Other
pioneers of industrial engineering were
Harrington Emerson defender efficient
operations and payment of awards for
increased production, and Henry Ford
father of modern production lines used
for mass production (mass production).
Then came schools in
universities; University of Zulia
(LUZ), The Polytechnic Institute
Santiago Mariño, University José
Antonio Páez in Valencia, the
University Antonio Jose de Sucre.
The Guayana region characterized
by its natural resources, in Iron,
Bauxite, Water, Gold and Diamond,
since 1971, to experienced
economic development through a
process of industrialization.
7. ¿What is industrial
engineering?
Industrial engineering is the branch of
engineering that studies and trains on the
elements of analysis, projection, design,
planning, optimization and control of the
production of goods and services, taking into
account economic, technical and social
aspects.
Industrial engineering uses knowledge and
methods of mathematical, physical, social,
etc. a broad and generic way to determine,
design, specify and analyze systems (in the
broad sense), so you can predict and evaluate
the results
8. Industrial Engineer in
Venezuela
Pierina Rivero
Industrial engineering in
Venezuela faces the challenge of
generating organizational models
that suit the needs of our country,
and also to convince the owners
and / or managers of the various
companies of the importance of
their implementation, in order to
survive successfully in an
increasingly competitive and
demanding world.
The industrialization process
demands increasingly performing
tasks aimed at reducing costs,
increasing efficiency in labor, the
increased efficiency of the
equipment, the pursuit of healthy
working conditions, safe and
better pay . Industrial engineering
is emerging as an excellent
instrument of social action in terms
of helping neediest sectors of the
population.
In a small business, which is
usually the only engineer and
therefore must face problems
either construction, electricity,
machinery, handling liquids and
gases, solids handling,
organization, wages and incentives
personnel, quality and market and
many other tasks, responsibilities
or problems that arise day by day.
This work does not allow you
directed to any particular specialty,
but on the contrary, it becomes a
problem solver while improving
the production process,
understood globally.
The industrial engineer
can for example be
responsible for:
monitoring production
quality analysis
marketing the product
purchase of materials
safety and industrial
hygiene
inventory management
9. The Majestic Japanese Akashi
Kaikyo Bridge
Is the bridge high, long and expensive of
the world's suspension, it is located in
one of the most difficult places to build,
because it is in the path winds reach
speed of 290 km / h. In addition, through
one of the busiest trade routes and
therefore most dangerous in the world
because of its naval traffic, with the
addition of being in the middle of a major
earthquake zone. For all these reasons, it
was a bridge that nobody thought could
be built, but engineering shows us once
again that nothing is impossible.
10. Significant advances in
Industrial Engineering in
the World
Pierina Rivero
Currently, techniques and tools
that not only apply to
manufacturing companies but also
service businesses, operations and
activities are used; this is that today
support systems (aid, assistance,
support, reinforcing) have allowed
production companies (industrial,
chemical, machine tool, automotive,
oil, etc.), service companies
(hospitals, hotels, supermarkets,
messaging, fashion industry, banks,
entertainment, universities, etc.),
operations (physical distribution,
type of transport, transport, storage,
media storage, distribution routes,
etc.) and activities are known
exactly they need to improve their
performance.
In the last decade,
engineers working in
this sector have added
new terms to our
vocabulary on process
improvement, thus we
speak increasingly
frequency
management models
and techniques such
Lean Manufacturing
and tools.
The development of methods
for improvement in the aviation
sector has been much more
pronounced with the tech boom,
keeping pace with the evolution of
computer power and programs
simulation of production processes.
This change has enabled intensive
use of mathematical models
established in linear programming.
An engineer has
the ability to plan,
analyze, design and
implement solutions.
11. What is Petroleum
Engineering?
“Is a field of engineering concerned with
the activities related to the production
of hydrocarbons, which can be
either crude oil or natural gas. Exploration
and Production are deemed to fall within
the upstream sector of the oil and gas
industry.
Recruitment to the industry has
historically been from the disciplines of
physics, chemical engineering and mining
engineering. Subsequent development
training has usually been done within oil
companies”
12. The Fracking
A benefit for an
environmental disaster
Hydraulic fracturing is
performed on a
previously constructed,
cased and cemented
well, which can be
vertical or horizontal.
The technique is to
generate one or more
channels of high
permeability by injecting
water under high
pressure so that
overcomes the resistance
of the rock and open a
controlled downhole in
the desired section of
the fracture Containing
hydrocarbon formation.
A typical composition
of a fracturing fluid is
usually approximately
between 95 and 98%
water (not necessarily
potable) incorporating
up to 5% sand
sustaining and less than
1% of chemicals, such as
bactericides, friction
reducers, thickeners.
This technique has become
popular in the last decade,
especially in the United States,
but in Europe there are many
reticent about the use of
fracking for possible
environmental consequences
countries. In addition to a huge
consumption of water, it is
customary along with the sand
multitude of chemical
compounds included, which
seeks to promote cracking or
even the dissolution of the rock,
and that could contaminate
both ground and underground
aquifers. Another potential
consequences is the provocation
of small earthquakes.
On the other hand, points
in favor of using this technique
are mainly economic. Fracking
reduces the cost of energy, as it
reduces the import of gas or
electricity, and can even get
self-sufficent the country.
Pierina Rivero
13. Want big impact?
BE AN ENGINEER
And you? What do you prefer?
Petroleum Engineering or Industrial
Engineering?
