Caste And Politics In India

Caste and Politics in India
India became a nation under the British regime after 400 years of Mughal rule. Despite many changes during this long period, one unchanging
phenomenon was castediscrimination.
Before British rule, a stream of Sufi saints had rejected the Brahmanism and injustice to Dalits (untouchables), but their main focus was on encouraging
self–awareness and trust in a seemingly egalitarian religion with a non–discriminating, omnipresent and omnipotent god.
Real changes came in the 19th century, when the leaders of deprived castes espoused both revolt against the ideas of high–caste Hindus led by the
Brahmins and belief in the modernity which had led to democratisation in Europe and the United States.
Democracy is essentially a practice of alliance...show more content...
The reservation of seats has fragmented Dalit politics further. Dalits do not constitute a single caste. More and more Dalit leaders focus on their
primary caste identities to gain power. Political power is in the hands of those who are fundamentally anti–democratic. The token presence of Dalits in
power is used to tell the world that Dalits as a whole have been empowered in India, but it is time to look into the ugly realities of the process.
We can see the process of political changes in the two most populous states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. They were the first where the national parties
were thoroughly marginalised while a large number of Dalit–OBC (the Other Backward Communities) leaders dominated the political process since
1990. This broader unity of Dalit– OBC could have changed the entire polity in India, but individual leaders and their egos became bigger than their
political parties.
In addition, there was a tendency to categorise any non–Dalit–OBC politician as "Brahmanical". Nevertheless, Dali–OBC political leaders were happy
to cooperate with the right–wing Hindu Nationalist party, the BJP. Power was maintained by abusing high–caste Hindus during the day and dining and
plotting with them at night.
Anti–Brahmanism and anti–ritualism is a quintessential theme for Dalit–OBC leaders, but instead of applying this to high–caste Hindus only, they
apply it within the Dalit community as well and manage to marginalise members of
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Socio вЂ“ Political Situation of India
SOCIO – POLITICAL SITUATION OF INDIA
Any society is a fabrication of diverse regions, cultures, religions, politics and economical overtures. India is a unique land that harbours amorous
people and astounding cultures. As many would accept without doubt it is a RICH nation in every walk of life. Every Indian has something to feel
proud about in its history and riches. It has
в†ђ 5000 year old ancient civilization в†ђ 18 official languages, 325 spoken languages and 1652 dialects в†ђ 30 states and 5 union territories в†ђ
World's largestdemocracy with parliamentary form of government в†ђ 1.3 billion People in an area of 3.28 million sq.kms of which 7,516km is the
coastline в†ђ World's 4th largest economy with GDP of $567 bn...show more content...
LITERACY
[pic]With Kerala at one end and Bihar at the other the table above represent the paradox of India. From 18.33% of literates at Independece, we have
grown to be 64.84% today. This has enormously contributed towards our growth and development. Yet we have another 35% who are still illiterates
and all of them at the rural sector. The largest segment of worlds' illiterates are in India. But an encouraging factor is that the youth (15–24) literacy rate
is at 73.3%.
However our neighbour and competitor China has 98.9% of literacy under the same age group. Even the reduction in the school drop out which was a
major concern in implementing literacy programs is attributed to the famous midday meal scheme in the schools. May be schools are frequented by
many because it fills the stomach more than reaching out to the mind. Apart from the statistics what remains as a disturbing factor is that this growth in
education doesnot usher in the desired change in attitude and mind set of every educated Indian.
POLITICS
After 60 years of Independence with pride we can look back at the shaping of the democratic political system in the country. We are the largest
democratic political system in the whole world with 6 major national parties and innumerable small and approved parties. In spite of the vicissitudes
we have safe guarded the sovereignty of our land. There are more than 50% of the youth today who show great interest in politics compared to the 1990

The Issue And Religious Conflicts Of India Essay
India is one of the countries which have the most multifaceted religion condition. Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism and Christianity– almost all
major religions of the world can be seen in India. All these religion sects have many believers here, and they cannot but live together to share the same
developing process and move further together with their country, experiencing both prosperity and instability. InIndia, there are not only a wide range
of religions; the differences between these sects are also massive. After the foundation of the Congress government, India established the principle of
secularism, but in the actual implementation of the principle there is a big lack from the theoretical principle, and the government performs the
secularism far from sufficiently. Sectarian forces have gradually extend to economic and political field, sectarian doctrine get more and more close to
politics, and began to intervene political development. To study about the issue and religious conflicts in India is advantageous for understanding all
aspects of Indian: society, politics, economy, culture, religion, etc. and, also would help to establish peace and stability throughout India.
Meaning of Sectarianism
Sectarianism is a word that describes something having to do with smaller groups or sects. Sectarian violence, for example would describe violence
that has erupted between conflicting groups or sects. Sectarian, as noun, is a member of a group with a particular set of

Essay On Electoral Politics
In post–colonial India, electoral politics has been strongly influenced by caste, class, location and in few cases, indigeneity. The domination of a
specific group – either economically or socially privileged or backward – in politics can alter the allocation of resources. Multiple scholars (Jaffrelot,
2003; Varshney, 2000; Banerjee & Somanathan, 2006) write that among the historically disadvantaged social groups in India, those that mobilized
themselves politically gained relative to the others. For instance, in the 1980s, the SCs established a successful caste–based party (Bahujan Samaj Party
[BSP]), significantly increased their representation in national politics and allowed them to extract more public resources from the state than...show
more content...
Currently, India is ruled by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a Hindu right–wing nationalist party, which has increased tensions between Hindus and
Muslims and contributed to a polarizing atmosphere. BJP also rules eight of the nine states which have the highest maternal mortality rates, therefore,
polarization of politics has the potential to affect utilization of maternal health services. However, in this context, I find myself contradicted by Bowleg
(2012, p. 1270), who writes that "intersectionality was not developed to predict behavior". Nonetheless, the linkages between a polarized political
atmosphere and access to maternal health services can be an area of further research. While the linkages between domination of groups and allocation
of resources is critical, the situation is more complex at the constituency level. Within a state, there is a high prevalence of clientelism i.e. constituencies
which have legislators from the ruling party receive a larger share of public resources as they utilize their political influence to deliver additional public
projects to their home constituencies to cultivate political support. However, communities that are best served by government are those that possess
both top–down political connections to the ruling party, as well as high levels of grassroots local democratic mobilisation needed to place pressure on
local politicians to deliver services (Dasgupta, 2016). Apart from the

The Communal Politics Of India
INTRODUCTION –
The communal politics in India started from 1970s when emergency was declared in India. The Congress was unable to fulfill its promises,
conditions of India deteriorated, GDP dumps. Other parties were also unable to deliver the expectation of people, and then BJP comes with communal
politics by raising Babri Masjid case. Rathyatra led by Advani is an important event which created enthusiasm in a particular section of community.
After Dandi March, this is the one yatra which has succeeded because there were organizations in every level; it was pre–planned and executed
carefully which made it successful. The extreme case of communal riots in India took place on 27 February, 2002. The abuse of human rights started
when in Sabarmati Express; one coach of Hindus who were on pilgrimage was burned at the Godhra station in which Muslims were considered as
mastermind behind this action. The next day the Muslims community was targeted and huge killing took place. The organizations like Rashtriya
SwayamSevak Sangh and Vishwa Hindu Parishad were involved in these riots. Many Masjids were destroyed, Muslim women were raped, their shops
were looted. The State Government and police failed to stop the communal violence instead they helped the communal forces in locating Muslims by
giving voters list and other documents for identification.
Although, Gujarat is one of the most developed states in a country in terms of Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index but

Impact Of British Colonization Of India
To what extent did the British colonization influenced India through colonization?
Throughout history, many countries were colonized by stronger forces. India is no different; it was colonized by the British during the mid 18th
century until the 20th centuries, which is the combination of the eras, also known as the "British rule in Burma"and "British Raj." Often, it is arguable
whether colonization had an influence in forming a societal or cultural aspects of the country that is being occupied. Specifically, the British
colonization of India shaped and had an impact on the culture, education and government rule in India. The first area where the British influenced
India's lifestyle is religion. The British rule has had a huge impact on religion in India since the...show more content...
No matter what the purpose of converting non–Christian Indians to Christianity is, what is important is the fact that there are Indian Christians today.
This shows the fact that the British colonization of India had an impact on lifestyle of India. Secondly, eliminating old customs was an effect of the
British in India. The cultural gap between the Britain and India was the biggest obstacle the British had encountered because it aggravated the progress
of political reform in India. The British could neither understand nor accept the autonomy of the native Indians due to the racial differences. For
example, the British endeavored to get rid of Indian customs, such as "suttee," which is committing a murder by burning a widow, and "thuggee,"
which sacrificed a human life for the purpose of comforting God (FactsOnFile). These timeworn fashions led many innocent Indian people to their
death. Although the customs still exist today in some parts of India even with the British attempt of abolishing them with force, the percentage of the
Indian population who were victimized drastically decreased. Lastly, the transportation in India was the area that was impacted by Britain the

India 's Development And Growth Essay
Background: India is one of the most popular countries in the world. Geographically, India is located at the south of the Asian continent. India's
development and growth has been one of the most significant accomplishments in recent times. India neighboring countries include Pakistan, Nepal,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Bhutan. The size of the population in India is 1,266,883,598 and the Territorial size of the country is 3, 287,
263 sq. km (The World Factbook, 2016). The prime minister of India is known as Narendra Modi who is the leader of the majority party in Lok
Sabha and is currently the head of the Council of ministers in India. India's political party that is in power right now is Bharatiya Janata Party. The
Bharatiya Janata Party, was first founded by Shyama Mukherjee in 1953 with the main purpose of safeguarding the Hindu interests in India (The
World Factbook, 2016). India is becoming more of an open market economy. While most emerging nations were have struggled mightily against the
strong U.S. dollar and falling commodity prices, India continues to lead. The view for India's long–term growth is positive due to the staggering young
population and corresponding low dependency ratio (World Factbook, 2016). For example healthy savings, investment rates, and increasing integration
play a role in the global economy. India being the 4th largest economy in the world, India has bought about a landmark agricultural revolution that has
changed the country

The Mughal Empire
Mughal Empire was one of the most famous and largest empire after the Persians history. They ruled for 300 years from 1526–1808. In this 300 years
they make this large empire under Muslims rulers. The Babur started to establish this empire, Babur fight with the Ibrahim lodhi and after first battle of
Panipatt Babur got throne from Ibrahim lodhi, this start the establishment of the Mughal empire. The Mughal empire continue within the family, Babur
position is taken by his succesor hamayun (1530–1556). Hamayun assist to establish empire but he died in the age of 47 and the whole empire under
his son Akbar (1556–1605), Akbar was fourteen years old when he got throne, after that the empire achieve the highest point of Mughal empire. Akbar
also known as the Akbar The Great. Akbar established large and strong empire for his successorJahangir (1605–1628), and Jahangir strengthen the
economy of his empire. The next successor Shah Jahan (1628–1658), gave efforts towards the art, and Auranggzeb accepted different policies from his
ancestors, control on more area and religious intolerance. The successors was not talented as their ancestors, so the start of decline the Mughal empire
after the death of Aurangzeb.1556–1707 mughal had a control over the new Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Afganistaan. Firstly, The Mughal build their
empire by using their own policies in social area and form good relation to other religion and strong army and trades of the local goods. Secondly,

Essay about What is Politics?
Politics. It is possibly the most hated word in the English language. Most people hate politics and government without really knowing what they are.
Many different definitions of politics exist. One definition defines politics as the conflict between groups over something they both want. Another
similar definition calls politics the "who gets what, when, and how." Government is defined as the institution that has the enforceable right to control
people's behavior. But why do people hate politics and politicians? Is it because politicians cannot be trusted, or maybe because they spend too much
money? Whatever the reasons are for hating politics and government, both are needed as a mechanism for people to protect themselves. Possibly, if
...show more content...
The third and final type of monarchy is an absolute monarchy. In an absolute monarchy, the monarchy has supreme and absolute authority to do what it
wishes. An example of this occurs in the country of Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, theroyal family can enforce any law it wishes– no matter how bad it
could be for the country. Absolute monarchies are often very oppressive to its people. For example, Saudi Arabia has very strict laws that have been
put in place by the royal family. The people living in the country have no voice in an absolute monarchy.
The second type of government is a republic. A republic is any government that does not have amonarch. Republics are also divided into three classes.
A republic can be classified as a dictatorship, an oligarchy, or a democracy.
A dictatorship is a government ruled by one commander. An example of this is Iraq. Saddam Hussein is the dictator of Iraq. Whatever he decides
becomes law. Dictatorships are similar to absolute monarchies in that they are very oppressive to the people of the country. The major difference
between the two is that absolute monarchies are families inheriting their power while dictatorships often result from military takeovers or from an
elected official who refuses to step down from his elected office.
The second type of republic is an oligarchy. An oligarchy is a country ruled by the few. An example of this was in South Africa

Essay on Power and Politics
Introduction Have you ever wondered what role politics and power play in organizations? When used effectively they can be compatible in reaching
the organizations goals. Power is defined as the ability to get someone to do something you want done or the ability to make things happen in the way
you want them. (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, Chap. 15). Power is important within organizations because it is the way in which management
influences individuals to make things happen. When power and influence combine, most of the time "politics" become involved in some manner which
may pose some problems. Organizational politics is best described as management influenced by self–interest through the use of means not necessarily
...show more content...
Information can be controlled to a "need to know" basis and/or just limited to the upper management. This type of power compliments the legitimate
power. Finally, there is Representative power in which an organization uses an individual to be there spokesperson both within the organization and
when dealing with people outside of the organization. The second source of power that influences individuals and organizations behaviors is known as
Personal Power. This power focuses more on the individual's independent nature within the position that he or she has been placed. There are three
sources under this power that are apparent in most organizations that are well managed. The first is expert power in which control is based on the
knowledge or experience that the individual possesses in the position that he or she holds. Rational persuasion is the power to control behavior by
being able to show the desirable out comes through reasonable and acceptable means within an organization. With the diverse personalities within an
organization it is essential to have management that is levelheaded and rational. The final basis of control within personal power is referent power. It is
controlling an individual's behavior within an organization by allowing them to identify with the source of power that is over them.
Organizational Politics
The official definition of organizational politics

India's Public Health System, Economy, and Politics Abstract In this essay, the country I have chosen to examine is India. The public health system,
politics and economy India has been discussed. In the last part of the essay, I have discussed why India is important for the national security, economy,
and politics of the United States of America. Introduction The Republic of India (Bharat/Hindustan) is located in South Asia. It is the second most
densely populated country in the world. The front line of the Indian land "stretches from the Arabian Sea on the west to the Bay of Bengal on the east
and touches Pakistan" on the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan on the north, Bangladesh in the northeast and Myanmar on the east. New Delhi is the
capital of India whereas Mumbai is the largest city ("India," 2012). Public Health Care Regardless of the fact that India has a highly sensitive
governmental system, high–quality scientific skills in a lot of fields and a far–reaching set–up of public health organizations for research, training, and
diagnostics, India has rather pitiable health outcomes. It, therefore, is suggestive of the fact that the health system perhaps is misdirecting its hard
work, or may be feeble, defective, and designed with flaws. Three broad areas have been reported in the public health system of India to have
weaknesses (Gupta & Rani, 2004). First, the system has failed to notice a number of essential public health functions like public health

Comparison between Indianan and British Political system
There is a natural propensity to evaluate the Government of India with the British. But Indian Parliament and parliamentary institutions and procedures
are not a copy of the Westminster system. There are fundamental differences between their system and Indian system. Democracy extends way beyond
elections. However, the holding of transparent, credible and accountable elections is important for any democratic country and election observers
make a significant contribution in this process. In this essay, I will be heading a team of British officials who will be observing the Parliamentary
election process in India in May 2014. Being from Britain, we will witness a lot of similarities between the political systems of India, however there
will also be some differences, like India being a federal republic and a parliamentary democracy at the same time while Britain practices constitutional
monarchy. Furthermore, India has a president and a prime minister, whereas, although the head of state in Britain is in the form of a prime minister, it
also has a symbolic royalty head in the form of a ruling monarch. Generally the elections in India has been quite peaceful, well–organized but quite
unpredictable at the same time, especially with the growing influence of upcoming parties.
English Parliament has developed through somewhere in the range of three hundred years of history. In Britain, it can be the main establishment which

The Importance of Religion in Indian Politics
India is the largest democratic country in the world, in the last fifty years it has travelled and been influenced by multiple social and economic changes.
Its independence from Britain in 1947, the partition creating Pakistan and the Pakistan/ Indian debate over Kashmir have been fundamental political
movements within these years. As Y.B.Damle states, "
Politics is concerned with goal–attainment and politics is the art of possibility", the political
process cannot function without structural features. As a country with multiple religions, a secular state, the political process has been moulded around
not only ethnicity and caste but religion has...show more content...
A partition based on religion as the congress would not allow Muslims to sit before 1947. Now, governed by Hindu nationalists religious nationalism
affects the secular state, a state that cannot foreseeably be secular when it encompasses such a majority of Hindus.
Hindu's believe in Dharma, that in accordance to the sacred Hindu text, every person has their own path to follow and it is better to do their own duty
badly than another's well. (Hardgrave ch.1) Only by fulfilling their own predestined duties can they expect a 'more favourable rebirth and ultimate
salvation'. Therefore for a Hindu a true democratic state should be against their religion, as it involves meddling in others affairs. Along with this
Hinduism divides and distances the sub–continent. Each Hindu linguistic area have their own traditions, way about their different lives and their own
God's. with an existence without unification how can India politically aspire to social change and reform? As Gunnar Myrdal states, "Religion has,
then, become the emotional container of this whole way of life and work and by its sanction has rendered it rigid and resistant to change." (Hardgrave
ch.1)
Post partition the general consensus was that India should be a democratic state, important political groups believed individuals had the right to their

The partition of India left a lasting legacy on India politics. Although the British rule was exploitive, it did much to modernize India (Roskin 336).
This all began in 1947 when the British left India and the state was divided into two separate states. A mostly Hindu India and a mostly Muslim
Pakistan. This caused for massive immigrations on both sides. It also caused a large divide between the two states causing violence and hatred
between the two. There were over half a million lives lost during the partition (Roskin 331–8). The partition in India lead to Indian independence.
According to Roskin, India won its independence when British colonial rule ended on August 14th, 1947. This was after the British sent Lord
Mountbatten to negotiate, and the Muslin League insisted on a separate Pakistan. Although this partition was unplanned, bloody, and hasty, it lead to
Indian independence, something that is still celebrated today. This independence is what makes India have such a strong democracy today. "In the
biggest democratic election ever, Indians dumped a worn–out centrist party and gave a majority of parliamentary seats to a rightwing party and leader,
Narendra Modi" (Roskin 344). This democratic election resulting in a new leader for India would not be possible without the partition. This partition
lead to independence and democracy nationwide, and this is easily seen in India's elections. "Some say that India is one of the few countries where
religion is really alive;

India A Developing Country
India is a developing country. The factors hindering development of the country are many. Some of them can be attributed to the low per capita income
and larger chunk of the population living under the poverty line. India is a country with poor people but with rich natural resources. It can be said that
the country's potential is either the human resource or the natural resources are not adequately utilized to the maximum extent and that resulted in low
per capita income. India is an agrarian economy. The economy is marred with unemployment and under employment. Since the economy is basically
agrarian, disguised unemployment is also rampant among the farmer community. Apart from the reasons mentioned, the money market as well as
capital market witnessed the presence of private moneylenders, landlords etc. They have acted as bankers for centuries and have amassed major wealth
from people of India that adversely affected capital formation. The need for a better financial institution and credit infrastructure was thus felt necessary
by the planning commission when the five–year plans were initiated. An efficient banking system and well functioning capital market, capable of
mobilizing the savings &channeling them to productive uses, are essential if the efforts at economic restructuring are to succeed. While both the
banking systems and capital markets have shown impressive growth in the volume of operations. Unless major reforms were initiated it was difficult to

Indian Political System
According to our Constitution, India is a "sovereign secular socialist democratic republic." It has 28 states and seven Union Territories. With a
population of approximately 112 crore, India happens to be the largest democracy in the world. Indian polity is a multi–party democracy, based on the
adult franchise system of voting. That is any Indian citizen of 18 and above, who is not debarred by law, can vote in the Indian elections, at national,
state and local levels.
India is a parliamentary democracy and a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Prime Minister is the head of
government. He or she should be chosen by the MPs (Member of Parliaments) of the ruling party or the coalition that comes to power, and...show more
content...
The Vice President has to temporarily assume the role of President in the event of the death, resignation, or removal of the President, until a new
President is chosen by the electoral college. The Vice President of India may also act temporarily as President, during the absence or illness of the
President. The Vice President of India is also the Ex–officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Mohammad Hamid Ansari is the present Vice President of
India.
Executive, Legislature and Judiciary
With the Union Government and State Governments wrest the executive power, while the legislative power is vested on the Union Government and
the two houses of Indian Parliament– the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha– and also the State Government and two state legislatures–Vidhan Sabha and
Vidhan Parishad. However, here it deserves a mention that only five of India's 28 states have Vidhan Parishad or Legislative Council, which is also
known as the upper house of state legislatures, along with the Vidhan Sabha. The rest of the states don't have bicameral legislatures, and only have
Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assembly. Each state also has a Governor, who is formally appointed by the President of India. The role of the Governor
is somewhat similar to that of President in the national level; he is a titular head of the state in normal circumstances, but can exercise some powers
when directed by the Union Government.
The judiciary is the third arm of the governance, which is

Essay about Defining Politics
Defining Politics Politics is the collective name given to many different systems, ideas and real world issues. It is impossible to define politics as any
one thing in particular, but as a label for many different aspects of life encompassed into one.
Politics is largely about decision making, Politicians dispute on a regular basis about pending decisions to be made. Decisions to be made, of course
vary in size and some are obviously much more important than others. Nevertheless, politics nearly always sets–out to make decisions in the best ways
irrespective of how big or small they may be. Groups of...show more content...
Politics strives to reduce this conflict and keep it to a minimum. Politics is responsible for taking all views into consideration and reaching a consensus
– something all people involved can agree on to a certain extent.
Politics also goes hand in hand with the concept of power. Power, in any form of politics is of utmost importance, without power, politicians
wouldn't be able to enforce rulings on a population. Power concerns being able to get others to do/act as other people would like them to. Power can
be enforced in a number of different ways, power, of course cannot be assumed unless the people with power have something strong to back up their
rulings. Sometimes, force is used to provoke obedience (coercion), while a legitimate government will often not need to resort to means of force.
People are likely to comply with the law simply because they believe the government to be making the correct decisions. Coercion and legitimacy work
in tandem to maintain obedience.
Politics concerns people, people's involvement in politics is key in running an efficient political system. Voting is possibly the most important aspect of
political activity. Elections are held in which people vote for their preferred political party, while referendums also play a key part in making major
political decisions. Political involvement doesn't stop with voting. Pressure Groups can be joined in

The Political State of Countries Essay
The Political State of Countries
The political state of countries today is always changing and developing into new and hopefully more efficient methods of running a country. In
comparing and contrasting the political setup of two countries a good understanding of the different systems is easily seen. The fall of Communism in
many parts of the world has triggered countries like Russia to create new political systems and political parties. This also changes the functioning of the
economy and the military. Likewise in India, changes are almost seen daily in the ruling of the country. Comparing and contrasting these two countries
involves many areas including the political parties, legislative branch and the executive branch....show more content...
The communists get support only when the outlook for the economy is bad and fear of unemployment is affecting many workers. (Palmer, 346) The
last of these parties is the fascist party called the Liberal Democratic Party. This party platform stated in 1993 elections, "calling for a strong army,
continued government management of Russia's industries, liquidation of the 5000 gangs that control the economy, arm sales to any country or group
that wants the buy them, deportation of non–Russians, avoiding mistakes of Hitler in dealing with the West, "nuking" the Japanese if they continued
to pressure Russia to give back some small islands occupied since the end of World War II, a strong dose of anti
–Semitism, and finding husbands for all
unmarried women." (Palmer, 346) Like Russia, India has several parties in its Democratic system including: The Congress Party, The Bharatiya
Janata Party, and The Third Front. India for a long time was considered a single party Democracy and the Congress party ruled for about fifty years.
(Palmer, 453) The Congress party used these four items to gain support: charisma of Nehru and Gandhi, the independence movement, the party's
broad base in the local way of life and the ability to take in a great range of regional, ideological and communal groups. (Palmer, 453) The Bharatiya
Janata Party is a rising group that

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