2. INTRODUCTION
What is NDDS?
Novel drug delivery systems
The aim :
Novel Drug Delivery System is to provide a therapeutic
amount of drug to the appropriate site in the body to
accomplish promptly and then maintain the desired drug
concentration.
For drugs to reach the targeted site with little or no side
effects.
To minimize drug degradation and loss.
To increase bioavailability of the drug and the fraction of the
drug absorbed in the required site.
3. The prime areas of research and development for
NDDS are:
Liposome
Niosomes
Nanoparticles
Hydrogel
4. LIPOSOME
Liposomes are small artificial vesicles of spherical shape
that can be created from cholesterol and natural nontoxic
phospholipids.
Liposomes have more advantages of being both nontoxic
and biodegradable due to their composition. They are
composed of naturally occurring substances.
Its classified on the basis of:
a) Their structural properties- MLV,OLV,UV,SUV
b) Their method of preparation- DRV
6. METHODS OF LIPOSOME PREPARATION
Methods of Liposome Preparation
Hydration stage
a) Mechanical Methods
b)Replacement of organic solvent by aqueous media
method
c) Detergent removal Method
Sizing stage
Removal of non-encapsulated material.
8. NIOSOMES
Niosomes are NDDS, in which the medication is
encapsulated in a vesicle. The vesicle is
composed of a bilayer of non-ionic surface active
agents rather than phospholipids as seen in the
case of liposomes. without incorporation of
cholesterol or other lipids.
They are similar to Liposomes and can be used
as carriers of amphiphilic and lipophilic drugs. It
is less toxic and improves the therapeutic index
of drug by restricting its action to target cells.
10. COMPOSITIONS OF NIOSOMES
The two major components of niosomes are,
1.Cholesterol: used to provide rigidity and proper
shape, conformation to the niosomes preparations.
2.Non-ionic surfactants: This is important in the
formation of niosomes. It possess a hydrophilic
head and a hydrophobic tail. Examples:
- Spans (span 60, 40, 20, 85, 80)
- Tweens (tween 20, 40, 60, 80)
12. APPLICATIONS OF NIOSOMES
In Drug Targeting.
Neoplasia i.e. Cancer disease.
Leishmaniasis i.e. Dermal and Mucocutaneous
infections e.g. Sodium stibogluconate.
Delivery of Peptide Drugs.
Studying Immune Response.
Niosomes as Carriers for Haemoglobin.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems Utilizing Niosomes.
Ophthalmic drug delivery.
Antibiotics
Niosomes as Drug Carriers
Anti-inflammatory agents
Niosome as a carrier for Haemoglobin.
13. SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
SLNs are colloidal carriers developed as an alternative
system to the existing traditional carriers (emulsions,
liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles).
SLN have unique properties such as small size, large
surface area, high drug loading, and the interaction of
phases at the interfaces, and are attractive for their
potential to improve performance of pharmaceuticals and
other materials
18. HYDROGELS
Hydrogels are cross linked hydrophilic polymers network
capable of taking in large volume of water but insoluble
in water because of their network structure. They are
chemically stable but may degrade, disintegrate and
eventually and dissolve.
When their networks are held together by molecular
entanglements they are called ‘reversible’ or ‘physical’
hydrogels.
Chemical hydrogels may generate by cross linking of
water-soluble polymers or by conversion of hydrophobic
polymers to hydrophilic polymers plus cross linking to
form a network.
19. TYPES OF HYDROGELS
1) pH sensitive or ion sensitive hydrogels
2) Temperature sensitive hydrogels
3) Glucose sensitive hydrogels
4) Nanohydrogels
20. Preparation of Hydrogels
1).Isostatic ultra high pressure (IUHP)
2).Use of cross linkers
3).Use of nucleophilic substitution reaction
4).Use of gelling agents
5).Use of irradiation and freeze thawing
21. PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGELS
1).Wound healing
2).Colon specific drug delivery
3).Topical drug delivery
4).Ocular drug delivery
5).Industrial applicability
6).Tissue engineering
22. CONCLUSION
Novel drug delivery system have been used in a broad
range of pharmaceutical applications. It has enhanced
drug to disease locations with short duration of time and
are now clinically accepted.
Also, it promotes targeting of particular diseased cells
within the disease site. Finally, It has exhibit reduced
toxicities and increase efficacy compared with free
convection drugs. Only time will tell which of the above
applications and speculations will prove to be successful.
However, based on the pharmaceutical applications and
available products, we can say that all the above drug
delivery system have definitely established their position
in modern delivery systems.
