In April 1969, 68 students seized the St. Joan of Arc Chapel at Marquette University to protest the presence of the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) on campus. This is my presentation on that event.
4. ASMU Inquiry into ROTC
TheChapelIncident
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A. ACADEMIC PRESENTATION
What is taught in AROTC and NROTC?
B. SUITABILITY OF ACADEMIC CREDIT
Is it appropriate to award university credit for AROTC and NROTC courses?
C. UNIVERSITY ENDORSEMENT OF MILITARY
What issues arise from the university's apparent endorsement of an
outside institution in its association with ROTC?
D. MARQUETTE AS A CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
What issues arise from this endorsement and MU's identity as a Christian
university?
8. Too many articles to enumerate.
THE MARQUETTE TRIBUNE
Correspondence, newspaper clippings, and
memos.
MATERIALS FROM THE UNIVERSITY
ARCHIVES
Andrew Gingerich, who listened to my findings
Katie Blank, who stacked so many boxes on my cart
Arthur Heitzer, who replied to my email
SPECIAL THANKS:
References
RPASummer2020
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Introduction
Hi, I’m Brianna
I’m going to talk about the events leading up to and the 1969 demonstration which would become known as The Chapel Incident
Vietnam War began in 1955
The Milwaukee 14
We who burn these records of our society's war machine are participants in a movement of resistance to slavery, a struggle that remains as unresolved in America as in most of the world.
Our act concentrates on the selective service system because its relation to murder is immediate. Men are drafted – or 'volunteer' for fear of being drafted – as killers for the state. Their victims litter the planet.
Today we destroy selective service system files because men need to be reminded that property is not sacred. …If anything tangible is sacred, it is the gift of life and flesh. (p. 1, 3)
1968/1969 at Marquette
There were students who supported the MKE 14, others who didn’t
Coalition for Peace asked if ASMU would investigate ROTC
Academic presentation of what is taught in AROTC and NROTC courses
The suitability of subject matter in these courses for university academic credit
The issues arising from the university’s apparent endorsement of an outside institution in its association with ROTC
The issues arising from the university’s proclaimed role as a Christian university (ASMU asks Moeller to begin study of ROTC, 1969)
Then the subcommittee was like, “This is outside our scope”
Academic committee was like, “This is outside our scope”
Raynor sent a memo asking for a committee to be formed to examine points C and D
April 22
The gym
ROTC was gathering to do something
Students attempted to enter the gym
Denied access
Students sat in front of the doors
Father Sheridan (I believe) pointed randomly at students and suspended them on the spot
The chapel
Students marched from the gym to the chapel
Attended mass
Just…didn’t leave
The liberation of the chapel, (renamed after the slain Columbian priest-guerrilla, Camillo Torres) was both a symbolic and tactical victory. It reinforced the contradiction between the professed 'intellectual and moral excellence' of the school and its businesslike lack of concern for human values, concerning both its own students and the deprived peoples of this city and world. (p. 3)
The custodian of the chapel left the keys with the students, said they should probably keep the door open, the students refused
Students requested Raynor come talk to them about ROTC
Heitzer, elsewhere, had walkie talkie contact with those locked in the Chapel
Police standing by
Bomb threat
Fire department en route
Police needed to clear the building – claimed to announce through a bullhorn that students needed to leave
Broke into the building through the back door and arrested the 68 students
Aftermath
Raynor defends his actions and the actions of the police, saying the students were violating policy
Students speculate about who called in the bomb threat
The conversation stops being about ROTC and more about student conduct
CONVENIENT
“we requested the police to stand ready to assist us in terminating this seizure and detention of this place of worship” (Raynor, April 29, 1969).
, “this committee likewise may not agree with the students’ methodology, but procedural irregularities existed which make it difficult to judge the full extent of this case, or to justify any disciplinary action” (Faculty-Student Conduct Committee, 1969). Ultimately, the committee unanimously found “a violation of University policy was not committed by the above named students on the evening of April 22…[and] we suggest that these findings would apply to all students who were involved in the Chapel incident” (Faculty-Student Conduct Committee, 1969).