The document discusses the history of the Columbia Turnpike, including its origins as a turnpike built in 1810 to connect Washington D.C. to areas to the southwest. It played an important role during the Civil War as a route south. In the early 20th century, the turnpike was the site of experimental road maintenance programs by the US Department of Agriculture. Several prominent structures were later built along the turnpike, including the Pentagon in the 1940s, which dramatically changed the area.

1. History of Columbia Turnpike

3. Development of Washington, D.C. and Columbia Turnpike

4. Civil War and Railroads

5. Government Transportation Experiments

7. Rates regulated by government

8. Outside investors

10. Virginia – State subsidized

11. Rates not government regulated

12. Local Investors

14. DC and Columbia Turnpike Residence Act District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 “Instant City” Slow Growth

15. Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Turnpikes Emigrated from England, 1795. Famous for architectural work. DC was center for Latrobe’s transportation work.

17. Long Bridge – 14th Street Bridge

18. Washington and Alexandria Turnpike Company

21. Toll gates

24. Fort Runyon

25. Columbia Turnpike and the Civil War

26. Freedman’s Village

27. Columbia Pike and W&OD

28. Columbia Pike and Washington-Virginia Railway

30. Experimental Maintenance Program

33. 1st CRCP Road

34. 32 Sections of varying design

36. Military Structures along Columbia Pike Pentagon Construction completed in 1943 Dramatic impact of the East End of Columbia Turnpike

37. Military Structures along Columbia Pike Pentagon’s Impact

38. Military Structures along Columbia Pike Pentagon’s Impact

40. Low-density superblock

41. Separation of automobiles and pedestrians