The document outlines the history and goals of JavaScript, specifically focusing on the development and features introduced in ECMAScript 6 (ES6). Key features highlighted include block-scoped variables, destructuring, parameter defaults, rest/spread parameters, proxies, modules, and class syntactical sugar. It also touches on the evolution of JavaScript from its origins as 'Mocha' to its adoption as ECMAScript, including significant milestones such as the introduction of AJAX and Harmony's goals for the language.