4. The Nuremberg Code And Its Impact
On Clinical Research
• The Nuremberg Code is one of the most
influential documents in the history of
clinical research.
• Created more than 70 years ago following
the notorious World War II experiments,
• this written document established 10 ethical
principles for protecting human subjects.
5. What Is the Nuremberg Code?
• The Nuremberg Code is a set of research ethics
principles for human experimentation created by
the U.S. V Brandt court as one result of the
Nuremberg trials at the end of the second worl
war
• The Nuremberg Code is one of several
foundational documents that influenced the
principles of Good Clinical Practice
(GCP).
6. Other Expanded Documents
• Several other documents further
expanded upon the principles outlined in
the Nuremberg Code, including the
1. Declaration of helsinki,
2. The belmont report and
3. The common rule.
7. The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS)
8. What were the Nuremberg trials and
what was the outcome?
• The trials uncovered the German leadership that
supported the Nazi dictatorship. Of the 177
defendants,
1. 24 were sentenced to death,
2. 20 to lifelong imprisonment, and
3. 98 other prison sentences.
4. Twenty five defendants were found not guilty.
• Many of the prisoners were released early in the
1950s as a result of pardons.
9. What happened in the Nuremberg
trials?
• The Nuremberg trials were
conducted by an
international tribunal made
up of representatives from
the United States, the Soviet
Union, France and Great
Britain. It was the first trial of
its kind in history, and
the defendants faced
charges ranging from crimes
against peace, to crimes of
war, to crimes against
humanity
10. What were the Nuremberg trials and
why were they so important?
• The first international war crimes tribunal in history
revealed the true extent of German atrocities and held
some of the most prominent Nazis accountable for
their crimes.
• It charged them with
1. War crimes,
2. Crimes against peace,
3. Crimes against humanity, and
4. Conspiracy to commit these crimes {a secret plan by
a group to do something unlawful or harmful}
11. Who was found guilty in the
Nuremberg trials?
• The Nuremberg trials
• Martin Bormann – Guilty, sentenced in absentia to
death by hanging. ...
• Karl Dönitz – Guilty, sentenced to 10 years'
imprisonment.
• Hans Frank – Guilty, sentenced to death by hanging.
• Wilhelm Frick – Guilty, sentenced to death by
hanging.
• Hans Fritzsche – Acquitted- free (someone) from a
criminal charge by a verdict of not guilty..
12. What are the crimes against
humanity?
• These crimes against humanity
1. Entail extermination,
2. Murder,
3. Enslavement,
4. Torture,
5. Imprisonment,
6. Rape,
7. Forced abortions and other sexual violence,
8. persecution on political, religious, racial and gender
grounds,
9. The forcible transfer of populations,
10. The enforced disappearance of persons and the
inhumane act of knowingly
13. What were the 13 Nuremberg trials?
• Held for the purpose of bringing Nazi
war criminals to justice,
• The nuremberg trials were a series of 13
trials carried out in nuremberg,
Germany, between 1945 and 1949
15. 1. Person involved
should has Legal
capacity to give
consent
2. free power of
choice without
force, fraud, deceit,
duress, against will
3. Should have full
understanding and
comprehension
